Table Of ContentJungian Psychology in the East
and West
It is well known that Jung’s investigation of Eastern religions and cultures supplied
him with an abundance of cross-cultural comparative material, useful to support
his hypotheses of the existence of archetypes, the collective unconscious and other
manifestations of psychic reality. However, the specific literature dealing with this
aspect has previously been quite scarce. This unique edited collection brings together
contributors writing on a range of topics that represent an introduction to the
differences between Eastern and Western approaches to Jungian psychology.
Readers will discover that one interesting feature of this book is the realization of
how much Western Jungians are implicitly or explicitly inspired by Eastern traditions –
including Japanese – and, at the same time, how Jungian psychology – the product
of a Western author – has been widely accepted and developed by Japanese scholars
and clinicians.
Scholars and students of Jungian studies will find many new ideas, theories, and
practices gravitating around Jungian psychology, generated by the encounter between
East and West. Another feature that will be appealing to many readers is that this book
may represent an introduction to Japanese philosophy and clinical techniques related
to Jungian psychology.
Konoyu Nakamura is Professor of Clinical Psychology at Otemon Gakuin University
in Osaka, Japan. She is involved in clinical work at her private practice in Kyoto as
a Jungian-oriented psychotherapist. She has contributed chapters to several books,
including Analytical Psychology in a Changing World: The Search for Self, Identity
and Community (2015) and Jungian Perspective on Rebirth and Renewal Phoenix
Rising (2017). She was responsible for translating Susan Rowland’s J ung: A Feminist
Revision into Japanese (2021). She is a member of the International Association for
Jungian Studies and is a member of the Executive Committee of the International
Association for Jungian Studies for the 2015–2020 term and she was also Co-Chair
of the 2019 IAJS Regional Conference, Osaka, Japan, at Otemon Gakuin University.
S tefano Carta is a psychologist and a Jungian analyst graduate at the C.G. Jung Institute
in Zurich. He is Professor of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology at the University of
Cagliari, Italy, and Honorary Professor at the Department of Psychoanalytic Studies
at the University of Essex, UK. He is a member of the International Association of
Analytical Psychology and of the Associazione Italiana di Psicologia Analitica (AIPA),
of which he was the president for the 2002–2006 term. He has been the representative
for Italy at the United Nations’ International Union of Psychological Sciences. He
has also been a consultant for UNESCO, for which he has edited a three-volume
entry on psychology for the Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems. He is the director of
the oldest Jungian journal in Italy, The Rivista di Psicologia Analitica, and has been
the deputy Europe editor of the J ournal of Analytical Psychology.
Jungian Psychology
in the East and West
Cross-Cultural Perspectives from Japan
Edited by Konoyu Nakamura
and Stefano Carta
F irst published 2021
b y Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
a nd by Routledge
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R outledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
© 2021 selection and editorial matter, Konoyu Nakamura and Stefano
Carta; individual chapters, the contributors
The right of Konoyu Nakamura and Stefano Carta to be identified as the
authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual
chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means,
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without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
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ISBN: 978-0-367-76689-4 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-76688-7 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-16813-3 (ebk)
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Contents
List of figures viii
Notes on contributors x
Introduction xiv
KONOYU NAKAMURA
Introduction 1
STEFANO CARTA
PART 1
East and West 13
1 How can we survive in this Globalized Age? Exploring ego
consciousness in the Western and the Japanese psyche 15
MEGUMI YAMA
2 Cultural reflection in Eastern and Western tales
of the mirror 26
LYNLEE LYCKBERG
3 East meets West in World War II: implications for
Japan’s maternal culture 35
DAVID FISHER
4 The Cultural Father in East-West Psychology 43
ELLY LIN
PART 2
Images 51
5 Narcissism and difference: narcissism of minor
differences revisited 53
KAZUNORI KONO
vi Contents
6 Encountering the other world in Japanese Manga :
from Hyakki-yako-zu to pocket monsters 64
KONOYU NAKAMURA
7 Ancient Chinese Hieroglyph: archetype of transformation
of Jungian psychology and its clinical implication 75
ADELINA WEI KWAN WONG
8 The conversion of Saint Francis of Assisi: dreams, visions,
and his youth 84
JUN KITAYAMA
PART 3
Clinical issues 95
9 Intimate relationships between women and men:
psychosocial and post-Jungian perspectives 97
ANDREW SAMUELS
1 0 On compassion – a vessel that holds our relationships
with others 109
SHOICHI KATO
11 Ensou and tree view therapy: Zen-based psychotherapy
from Hisamatsu and Kato theory 118
KOJIRO MIWA
12 Drawings without a tree in response to the Baum test by a
patient with refractory chronic schizophrenia: the
fundamental individuation process in an affected patient 127
HIMEKA MATSUSHITA
PART 4
Identity and individuation 139
13 The house imago and the creation of order 141
PI-CHEN HSU AND HIROFUMI KURODA
14 From dragons to leaders: Latvian and Japanese psyches,
and an organic consciousness 150
EVIJA VOLFA VESTERGAARD
Contents vii
15 Emptiness in Western and Eastern cultures: psychological
inner movement in Western and Eastern culture 161
TSUYOSHI INOMATA
1 6 Ancient layers of the Japanese psyche as seen from the tales
and dreams of the Ainu culture 172
MAYUMI FURUKAWA
1 7 Makoto Tsumori’s philosophy of care and education
in relation to Jungian psychology 183
RYUTARO NISHI
I ndex 193
Figures
1.1 Two models of Japanese consciousness and Westerner’s
consciousness according to Hayao Kawai 17
3.1 Emperor Showa 41
6.1 A scene from Cho¯ju¯-jinbutsu-giga (wildlife caricatures)
Volume Ko 65
6.2 S hunboku Ooka (1720) , ‘In the pot of hell’, in Keihitsu
Toba Kuruma 66
6.3 K atsushika Hokusai (1819) Facial Expressions in 6 frames,
in Hokusami-manga Volume 10 66
6.4 A part of H yakki-yako-zu, by Mitsunori Tosa, in the
sixteenth century 68
6.5 R yukanjin Masazumi (1853 ) T ofukozo, in Tenmei Roujin
(ed.) Kyouka Hyakumonogatari 69
6.6 M izuki, S. (2004) Kitaro and his mates, from Kitaro Dai
Hyakka [Great Encyclopedia of Kitaro] 70
7.1 Ada’s work no.1 77
7.2 Ada’s work no.2 78
7.3 Ada’s work no.3 78
7.4 Ada’s work no.4 79
7.5 Ada’s work no.5 79
7.6 Ada’s work no.6 80
7.7 Ada’s work no.7 80
7.8 Ada’s work no.8 81
7.9 Calligraphy 81
1 1.1 Structure of archetypal Self and Formless self 121
1 2.1 Three types of tree drawings with “open-ended trunks”
by schizophrenic patients 128
1 2.2 Patient A’s drawing (A-1) 131
1 2.3 Patient A’s drawing (A-3) 132
1 2.4 Patient A’s drawing (A-4) 133
1 2.5 Patient A’s drawing (A-6) 134
1 2.6 Patient A’s drawing (A-7) 135
1 3.1 Patient Artwork No. 1 143
Figures ix
13.2 Patient Artwork No. 2 144
13.3 Patient Artwork No. 3 145
13.4 Patient Artwork No. 4 146
13.5 Patient Artwork No. 5 146
13.6 Patient Artwork No. 6 147
14.1 Maturation of organic consciousness 158
1 6.1 Clay figure of holding a baby 174
1 6.2 The hearth is in the middle of the house 177
