Table Of Content

Summary of Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix 1. Basics: What is HTML5? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. Basics: The Anatomy of HTML5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3. Basics: Structuring Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4. Basics: HTML5 Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 5. Basics: Multimedia, Audio and Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 6. Multimedia: Preparing Your Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 7. Multimedia: Using Native HTML5 Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 8. Multimedia: Using Native HTML5 Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 9. Multimedia: The source Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 10. Mutimedia: The track Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 11. Multimedia: Scripting Media Players . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 12. Canvas & SVG: An Introduction to Canvas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 13. Canvas & SVG: Canvas Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 14. Canvas & SVG: Handling Non-supporting Browsers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 15. Canvas & SVG: Canvas Gradients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 16. Canvas & SVG: Canvas Images and Videos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 17. Canvas & SVG: An Introduction to SVG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 18. Canvas & SVG: Using SVG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 19. Canvas & SVG: SVG Bézier Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 20. Canvas & SVG: SVG Filter Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 21. Canvas & SVG: Canvas or SVG? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 22. Offline Apps: Detecting When the User Is Connected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 23. Offline Apps: Application Cache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 24. Offline Apps: Web Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 25. Offline Apps: Storing Data With Client-side Databases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 26. APIs: Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 27. APIs: Web Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 28. APIs: The Geolocation API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 29. APIs: Server Sent Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 30. APIs: The WebSocket API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 31. APIs: The Cross-document Messaging API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 JUMP START HTML5 BY TIFFANY B. BROWN KERRY BUTTERS SANDEEP PANDA iv Jump Start HTML5 byTiffanyB.Brown,KerryButters,andSandeepPanda Copyright©2014SitePointPty.Ltd. Product Manager:SimonMackie English Editor:PaulFitzpatrick Technical Editor:CraigBuckler Cover Designer:AlexWalker Notice of Rights Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmitted inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher,exceptinthecase ofbriefquotationsembodiedincriticalarticlesorreviews. Notice of Liability Theauthorandpublisherhavemadeeveryefforttoensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationherein. However,theinformationcontainedinthisbookissoldwithoutwarranty,eitherexpressorimplied. NeithertheauthorsandSitePointPty.Ltd.,noritsdealersordistributorswillbeheldliableforany damagestobecausedeitherdirectlyorindirectlybytheinstructionscontainedinthisbook,orbythe softwareorhardwareproductsdescribedherein. Trademark Notice Ratherthanindicatingeveryoccurrenceofatrademarkednameassuch,thisbookusesthenamesonly inaneditorialfashionandtothebenefitofthetrademarkownerwithnointentionofinfringementof thetrademark. PublishedbySitePointPty.Ltd. 48CambridgeStreetCollingwood VICAustralia3066 Web:www.sitepoint.com Email:[email protected] ISBN978-0-9802858-2-6(print) ISBN978-0-9870908-0-5(ebook) PrintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica v About Tiffany B. Brown TiffanyB.BrownisafreelancewebdeveloperandtechnicalwriterbasedinLosAngeles. Shehasworkedonthewebformorethanadecadeatamixofmediacompaniesandagencies. Beforefoundingherconsultancy,Webinista,Inc.,shewaspartoftheOperaSoftwareDe- veloperRelations&Toolsteam.Nowsheofferswebdevelopmentandconsultingservices toagenciesandsmalldesignteams. About Kerry Butters KerryButters1isatechnologywriterfromtheUK.Withabackgroundintechnologyand publishing,Kerrywritesacrossarangeoftechysubjectsincludingwebdesignandcorporate tech.KerryalsoheadsupmarkITwritedigitalcontentagency2,lovestoplayaroundwith anythingtechrelatedandisanall-roundgeek. About Sandeep Panda SandeepPandaisawebdeveloperandwriterwithapassionforJavaScriptandHTML5.He hasoverfouryears'experienceprogrammingfortheWeb.Helovesexperimentingwithnew technologiesastheyemergeandisacontinuouslearner.Whilenotprogramming,Sandeep canbefoundplayinggamesandlisteningtomusic. About SitePoint SitePointspecializesinpublishingfun,practical,andeasy-to-understandcontentforweb professionals.Visithttp://www.sitepoint.com/toaccessourblogs,books,newsletters,articles, andcommunityforums.You’llfindastackofinformationonJavaScript,PHP,Ruby,mobile development,design,andmore. About Jump Start JumpStartbooksprovideyouwitharapidandpracticalintroductiontowebdevelopment languagesandtechnologies.Typicallyaround150pagesinlength,theycanbereadina weekend,givingyouasolidgroundinginthetopicandtheconfidencetoexperimenton yourown. 1https://plus.google.com/u/0/+KerryButters?rel=author 2http://markitwrite.com Table of Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix Who Should Read This Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx Conventions Used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx Code Samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx Tips, Notes, and Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxii Supplementary Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxii Tools You’ll Need . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxii Do You Want to Keep Learning? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiv Chapter 1 Basics: What is HTML5? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 A Brief History of HTML5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 HTML: The Early Years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 A Detour Through XHTML Land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 The Battle for World DOM-ination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Applets and Plugins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 What HTML5 Isn’t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 A Note on the HTML5 Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Chapter 2 Basics: The Anatomy of HTML5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Your First HTML5 Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 The Two Modes of HTML5 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 HTML Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 To Quote or Not Quote: Attributes in HTML5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 A Pared-down HTML5 Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 "XHTML5": HTML5’s XML Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 viii Chapter 3 Basics: Structuring Documents . . . . . . 17 The article Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Putting It Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 The section Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 div Versus section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Other Document Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 figure and figcaption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 main Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Chapter 4 Basics: HTML5 Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Starting an HTML5 Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 The input Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Collecting Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Using Form Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Requiring Form Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Styling Required Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Collecting Email Addresses, Phone Numbers, and URLs . . . . . . . . . . 38 Uploading Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 The datalist Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Other Input Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Date and Time Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Chapter 5 Basics: Multimedia, Audio and Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Adding Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Autoplaying and Looping Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Video-only Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Place Holding with poster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Controlling Video Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 ix Bandwidth Use and Playback Responsiveness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Cross-browser Audio and Video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Using Multiple Video or Audio Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Chapter 6 Multimedia: Preparing Your Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Codec Showdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 The Current Landscape . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Converting Files Using Miro Video Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Converting Media Using FFmpeg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Resizing Video Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Using FFmpeg to Generate a Poster Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Using a Hosted Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Quality Versus File Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Chapter 7 Multimedia: Using Native HTML5 Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 The audio Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 The autoplay Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Looping Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Muting Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Buffer Hinting with the preload Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 preload="auto" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 preload="none" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 preload="metadata" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Fallback Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

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