Jubb, Kennedy & Palmer's Pathology of Domestic Animals: Volume 2, 6e

1207 Pages·2016·526.19 MB·English

by  Grant Maxie DVM PhD DipACVP

Sixth Edition
Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer’s
Pathology of
DOMESTIC
ANIMALS
Volume 2
Sixth Edition
Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer’s
Pathology of
DOMESTIC
ANIMALS
Volume 2
EDITED BY:
M. GRANT MAXIE, DVM, PHD, DIPLOMATE ACVP
Co-Executive Director, Laboratory Service Division
Director, Animal Health Laboratory
University of Guelph
Guelph, Ontario
Canada
3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
JUBB, KENNEDY, AND PALMER’S PATHOLOGY ISBN: 978-0-7020-5322-1 (3 VOLUME SET)
OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS, SIXTH EDITION 978-0-7020-5317-7 (VOLUME 1)
978-0-7020-5318-4 (VOLUME 2)
978-0-7020-5319-1 (VOLUME 3)
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Previous editions copyrighted 2007, 1993, 1985, 1970, 1963
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Jubb, Kennedy, and Palmer’s pathology of domestic animals / edited by M. Grant Maxie.—Sixth
edition.
p. ; cm.
title: Pathology of domestic animals
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-7020-5322-1 (3 vol. set : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-0-7020-5317-7 (v. 1 : alk. paper)—
ISBN 978-0-7020-5318-4 (v. 2 : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-0-7020-5319-1 (v. 3 : alk. paper)
I. Maxie, M. Grant, editor. II. Title: Pathology of domestic animals.
[DNLM: 1. Pathology, Veterinary. 2. Animals, Domestic. SF 769]
SF769.P345 2016
636.089’607—dc23
2015009121
Vice President and Publisher: Loren Wilson Publishing Services Managers: Anne Altepeter and
Content Strategy Director: Penny Rudolph Patricia Tannian
Content Development Manager: Jolynn Gower Senior Project Manager: Sharon Corell
Content Development Specialist: Brandi Graham Project Manager: Louise King
Content Coordinator: Kayla Mugle Designer: Brian Salisbury
Printed in China
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contributors
Dorothee Bienzle, DVM, PhD, Barry J. Cooper, BVSc, PhD,
Diplomate ACVP Diplomate ACVP
Professor Professor Emeritus of Pathology
Department of Pathobiology Department of Biomedical Sciences
Ontario Veterinary College Cornell University
University of Guelph Ithaca, New York
Pathobiology USA
University of Guelph Muscle and tendon
Guelph, Ontario
Canada
Hematopoietic system Linden E. Craig, DVM, PhD,
Diplomate ACVP
Department of Biomedical and
Carlo Cantile, DVM, PhD Diagnostic Sciences
Professor of Veterinary Pathology University of Tennessee College of
Department of Veterinary Science Veterinary Medicine
University of Pisa Knoxville, Tennessee
Pisa, Italy USA
Nervous system Bones and joints
John M. Cullen, VMD, PhD,
Diplomate ACVP
Jeff L. Caswell, DVM, DVSc, PhD, Professor
Diplomate ACVP Department of Population Health and
Professor Pathobiology
Department of Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine
Ontario Veterinary College North Carolina State University
University of Guelph Raleigh, North Carolina
Guelph, Ontario USA
Canada Liver and biliary system
Respiratory system
Keren E. Dittmer, BVSc, PhD,
Rachel E. Cianciolo, VMD, PhD, Diplomate ACVP
Diplomate ACVP Institute of Veterinary, Animal, and
Assistant Professor Biomedical Sciences
Co-Director, International Veterinary Massey University
Renal Pathology Service Palmerston North, Manawatu
Department of Veterinary Biosciences New Zealand
College of Veterinary Medicine Bones and joints
The Ohio State University
Columbus, Ohio
USA
Urinary system
v
vi ContRiButoRS
Robert A. Foster, BVSc, PhD, Elizabeth A. Mauldin, DVM,
MACVSc, Diplomate ACVP Diplomate ACVP, Diplomate ACVD
Professor Associate Professor
Department of Pathobiology Department of Pathobiology
Ontario Veterinary College School of Veterinary Medicine
University of Guelph University of Pennsylvania
Guelph, Ontario Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Canada USA
Female genital system Integumentary system
Male genital system
M. Grant Maxie, DVM, PhD,
Andrea Gröne, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVP
Diplomate ACVP, Diplomate ECVP Co-Executive Director, Laboratory
Professor Service Division
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Director, Animal Health Laboratory
Department of Pathobiology University of Guelph
Utrecht University Guelph, Ontario
Utrecht, The Netherlands Canada
Endocrine glands Introduction to the diagnostic process
Jesse M. Hostetter, DVM, PhD, Margaret A. Miller, DVM, PhD,
Diplomate ACVP Diplomate ACVP
Associate Professor Professor
Department of Veterinary Pathology Department of Comparative
College of Veterinary Medicine Pathobiology
Iowa State University Purdue University
Ames, Iowa West Lafayette, Indiana
USA USA
Alimentary system Introduction to the diagnostic process
Kenneth V. F. Jubb† F. Charles Mohr, DVM, PhD,
Emeritus Professor Diplomate ACVP
Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Professor of Clinical Anatomic
Sciences Pathology
University of Melbourne Department of Veterinary Pathology,
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Microbiology, and Immunology
Pancreas School of Veterinary Medicine
University of California
Davis, California
USA
Matti Kiupel, Dr med vet habil, PhD, Urinary system
Diplomate ACVP
Professor
Department of Pathobiology and Bradley L. njaa, DVM, MVSc,
Diagnostic Investigation Diplomate ACVP
College of Veterinary Medicine Anatomic Pathologist III
Michigan State University IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.
East Lansing, Michigan Professor (Adjunct)
USA Department of Veterinary Pathobiology
Hematopoietic system Oklahoma State University
Stillwater, Oklahoma
USA
Special senses
†Deceased.
ContRiButoRS vii
Jeanine Peters-Kennedy, DVM, Donald H. Schlafer, DVM, PhD,
Diplomate ACVP, Diplomate ACVD Diplomate ACVP/ACVM/ACt
Assistant Clinical Professor Emeritus Professor
Department of Biomedical Sciences Department of Biomedical Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine
Cornell University Cornell University
Ithaca, New York Ithaca, New York
USA USA
Integumentary system Female genital system
Brandon L. Plattner, DVM, PhD, Margaret J. Stalker, DVM, PhD,
Diplomate ACVP Diplomate ACVP
Assistant Professor Animal Health Laboratory
Department of Pathobiology Laboratory Services Division
Ontario Veterinary College University of Guelph
University of Guelph Guelph, Ontario
Guelph, Ontario Canada
Canada Liver and biliary system
Alimentary system
Andrew W. Stent, BVSc,
nicholas A. Robinson, BVSc (Hons), MAnZCVS, PhD
PhD, MACVSc, Diplomate ACVP Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural
Professor Sciences
College of Veterinary Medicine University of Melbourne
University of Minnesota Melbourne, Victoria
St. Paul, Minnesota Australia
USA Pancreas
Cardiovascular system
Keith G. thompson, BVSc, PhD,
Wayne F. Robinson, BVSc, MVSc, Diplomate ACVP
PhD, MACVSc, Diplomate ACVP Emeritus Professor
Emeritus Professor Pathobiology Section
Federation University Australia Institute of Veterinary, Animal, and
Victoria, Australia Biomedical Sciences
Cardiovascular system Massey University
Palmerston North, Manawatu
New Zealand
Bones and joints
thomas J. Rosol, DVM, PhD,
Diplomate ACVP Francisco A. uzal, DVM, FRVC, PhD,
Professor Diplomate ACVP
Department of Veterinary Biosciences California Animal Health and Food
Senior Advisor, Life Sciences, Safety Laboratory
Technology Commercialization University of California
Office San Bernardino, California
College of Veterinary Medicine USA
The Ohio State University Alimentary system
Columbus, Ohio
USA
Endocrine glands
viii ContRiButoRS
Beth A. Valentine, DVM, PhD, Kurt J. Williams, DVM, PhD,
Diplomate ACVP Diplomate ACVP
Professor Department of Pathobiology and
Department of Biomedical Sciences Diagnostic Investigation
College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine
Oregon State University Michigan State University
Corvallis, Oregon East Lansing, Michigan
USA USA
Muscle and tendon Respiratory system
V.E.o. (ted) Valli, DVM, PhD, R. Darren Wood, DVM, DVSc,
Diplomate ACVP Diplomate ACVP
Professor Emeritus Associate Professor
Department of Pathobiology Department of Pathobiology
College of Veterinary Medicine Ontario Veterinary College
University of Illinois at University of Guelph
Urbana-Champaign Guelph, Ontario
Champaign, Illinois Canada
USA Hematopoietic system
Hematopoietic system
Sameh Youssef, BVSc, PhD, DVSc,
Brian P. Wilcock, DVM, PhD Diplomate ACVP
Histovet Surgical Pathology Professor
Guelph, Ontario Department of Pathology
Canada Alexandria Veterinary College
Special senses Alexandria University
Alexandria, Egypt
Nervous system
Preface
In this sixth edition of Pathology of Domestic Animals, we Included on the companion website are:
continue the long tradition of surveying the literature and • A complete image collection, including 325 bonus, elec-
updating the information in this reference textbook in light tronic-only figures that have been called out in the text.
of our own practical experience in the pathology of the major These figures are identified in the printed version as “eFigs.”
domestic mammals. True to the spirit of the first edition, this • An expanded list of useful references, each linked to the
text is designed to explain the pathogenesis of common and original abstract on PubMed.com.
not-so-common diseases, define the distinguishing features of I hope that we have captured significant changes and
these various conditions, and put them in a context relevant have synthesized this new knowledge to provide a balanced
to both students and working pathologists. Knowledge has overview of all topics covered. Keeping pace with evolving
been generated incrementally since the publication of the fifth agents and their changing impacts is a never-ending challenge.
edition, particularly with respect to improved understanding We have used current anatomical and microbial terminology,
of pathogenesis at the molecular level, as well as through the based on internationally accepted reference sources, such as
use of improved diagnostic tools, including the frontier of the Universal Virus Database of the International Committee
whole genome sequencing. My thanks to the contributors to on Taxonomy of Viruses (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
this edition for their rigorous perusal of the literature in their ICTVdb/index.htm). Microbial taxonomy is, of course, con-
areas of interest, for their addition of insightful information tinually evolving, and classifications and names of organisms
to their chapters, and for their inclusion of many new figures. can be expected to be updated as newer phylogenetic analyses
are reported. Debate continues, for example, over the
taxonomy of Chlamydophila/Chlamydia spp. And change will
NEW TO THE SIXTH EDITION
continue.
The most noticeable, and I think very welcome, change in the We have attempted to contact all contributors of figures
sixth edition is the addition of full-color figures throughout from previous editions and from various archives and apolo-
the text. Nearly all of the images from prior editions have gize to any whom we were unable to contact or who were
been replaced. These new images clearly depict the diagnostic overlooked. If any individual recognizes an image as one of
features of hundreds of conditions. his/her own or as belonging to a colleague, we would be happy
We have also added a new chapter, “Introduction to the to correct the attribution in a future printing.
Diagnostic Process,” to the usual lineup of chapters in these 3
volumes. The goal of this new chapter is to illustrate the Acknowledgments
whole-animal perspective and detail the approaches to sys- My thanks to Elsevier for their help and support throughout
temic, multi-system, and polymicrobial disease. this project, beginning in the United Kingdom with Robert
The complete index is again printed in each volume as an Edwards and Carole McMurray, and more recently in the
aid to readers. “Further reading” lists have been pruned in the United States, with Penny Rudolph, content strategy director;
print book to save space. All references are available on any Brandi Graham, content development specialist; Sharon
electronic version of the text as well as on the companion Corell, senior project manager; Louise King, project manager,
website that accompanies the purchase of any print book. and the entire behind-the-scenes production team.
These online references link to abstracts on PubMed.com.
Grant Maxie
Guelph, Ontario, 2015
COMPANION WEBSITE
In addition to updating the graphic design of these volumes,
the print version of Pathology of Domestic Animals now has a
companion website, accessible at:
PathologyofDomesticAnimals.com
ix
These volumes are dedicated to Drs. Kenneth V.F. Jubb (1928-2013)1,
Peter C. Kennedy (1923-2006)2, and Nigel C. Palmer,
and to my family—Laura, Kevin, and Andrea.
Drs. Palmer, Jubb, and Kennedy while working on the third edition in Melbourne, 1983. (Courtesy,
University of Melbourne.)
1http://www.vet.unimelb.edu.au/news/2013/memorial.html
2http://senate.universityofcalifornia.edu/inmemoriam/peterckennedy.htm
CHAPTER 1
Alimentary System
Francisco A. Uzal • Brandon L. Plattner • Jesse M. Hostetter
ORAL CAVITY 2 INTESTINE 60
Congenital anomalies 2 Normal form and function 60
Diseases of teeth and dental tissues 4 Immune elements and the gastrointestinal mucosal
Developmental anomalies of teeth 6 barrier 62
Degenerative conditions of teeth and dental tissue 7 Gastrointestinal microbiota 65
Infectious and inflammatory diseases of teeth and Electrolyte and water transport in the intestine 65
periodontium 9 Epithelial renewal in health and disease 66
Diseases of the buccal cavity and mucosa 12 Small intestine 66
Pigmentation 12 Villus atrophy 67
Circulatory disturbances 12 Large intestine 68
Foreign bodies in the oral cavity 13 Pathophysiology of enteric disease 69
Inflammation of the oral cavity 13 Malassimilation 69
Parasitic diseases of the oral cavity 19 Diarrhea 70
Diseases of the tonsils 19 Protein metabolism in enteric disease 72
Neoplastic and like lesions of the oral cavity 20 Anemia 73
Reactive and hyperplastic lesions 21 Congenital anomalies of the intestine 73
Oral papillomatosis 22 Intestinal obstruction 74
Tumors of dental tissues 22 Stenosis and obturation 75
Squamous cell carcinomas 25 Extrinsic obstruction 76
Melanomas 26 Functional obstruction 77
Fibrosarcomas 27 Displacements of the intestines 78
Mast cell tumors 27 Eventration 78
Granular cell tumors 27 Cecal and colonic dilation, tympany, and torsion 78
Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the oral cavity and pharynx 27 Displacements of the equine colon 78
Plasmacytomas 27 Internal hernia 79
Vascular tumors 28 External hernia 79
Miscellaneous tumors 28 Intestinal ischemia and infarction 81
SALIVARY GLANDS 28 Venous infarction 82
Neoplasms of salivary glands 30 Arterial thromboembolism 83
ESOPHAGUS 30 Reduced perfusion 83
Anomalies, epithelial metaplasia, and similar lesions 31 Miscellaneous conditions of the intestinal tract 86
Esophagitis 31 Malassimilation and protein-losing syndromes 89
Esophageal obstruction, stenosis, and perforation 32 Lymphangiectasia 90
Dysphagia 33 Amyloidosis 91
Parasitic diseases of the esophagus 34 Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease 91
FORESTOMACHS 35 Eosinophilic enteritis in cats and horses 96
Dystrophic and hyperplastic changes in the Granulomatous enteritis 97
ruminal mucosa 36 Inflammation of the large intestine 97
Postmortem change 36 Typhlocolitis in dogs 97
Dilation of the rumen 36 Colitis in cats 98
Foreign bodies in the forestomachs 38 Typhlocolitis in horses 99
Traumatic reticuloperitonitis and its complications 38 Typhlocolitis in swine 100
Rumenitis 39 Typhlocolitis in ruminants 100
Rumenitis and acidosis caused by carbohydrate Neoplastic and proliferative lesions of the stomach
overload 40 and intestine 100
Parasitic diseases of the forestomachs 43 Gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas 101
Neoplasia of the esophagus and forestomachs 43 Adenomatous hyperplasia/papillary adenoma/polyps 104
STOMACH AND ABOMASUM 44 Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine carcinomas (carcinoids) 105
Normal form and function 44 Gastric squamous cell carcinomas 106
Gastric mucosal barrier 46 Malignant lymphomas 107
Response of the gastric mucosa to injury 46 Gastrointestinal mast cell tumors 109
Pyloric stenosis 48 Extramedullary plasmacytomas 109
Gastric dilation and displacement 48 Intestinal stromal tumors 110
Gastric foreign bodies and impaction 50 APPROACH TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF GASTROINTESTINAL
Circulatory disturbances 51 DISEASE 111
Gastritis 52 Diarrhea in neonatal ruminants, swine, and horses 111
Gastroduodenal ulceration 55 Diarrhea in calves 112
1