Table Of ContentJournal of
INTEGRAL THEORY
PRACTICE
and
A Postdisciplinary Discourse for Global Action
September 2010 Executive Editor’s Introduction v
– Sean Esbjörn-Hargens
Volume 5
Integral Political Economy 1
Number 3
– Kevin Bowman
Integral Political Economy Redux: A Critique of Bowman’s 28
“Integral Political Economy”
– Robert Scott
Integral Political Economy, Rejoinder: A Response to Scott 33
– Kevin Bowman
The Financial Crisis of 2008–2009: An Integral Political-Economic Analysis 39
– Kevin Bowman
The Integrated Recovery Model for Addiction Treatment and Recovery 68
– Guy Pierre du Plessis
Integral Recovery®: An AQAL Approach to Inpatient Alcohol and 86
Drug Treatment
– John Dupuy and Adam Gorman
Shelter as Container for Healthy Human Development 102
– Anna Cowen
B.J. Palmer: An Integral Biography 118
– Simon Senzon
Indistinct Union: An Integral Introduction to Nonduality in Christianity 137
– Christopher Dierkes
Integral Christ: Exploring the Kosmic Address of the Christ of the Urantia Revelation 157
– Robert Kezer
Spelling Out Integral Economic Science: The Full-Spectrum Project 175
– Christian Arnsperger
Full-Spectrum Economics: Toward an Inclusive and Emancipatory Social Science, 194
by Christian Arnsperger
– Bernard Lietaer
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Journal of Integral Theory and Practice—Vol. 5, No. 3 i
EDITORIAL STAFF
Editor-in-Chief Ken Wilber Chief Executive Officer Robb Smith
Executive Editor Sean Esbjörn-Hargens Graphic Designers Angie Hinickle
Brad Reynolds
Managing Editor Lynwood Lord
BOARD OF EDITORS
John Astin, Ph.D. Thomas Goddard, J.D., Ph.D. John Records, J.D.
Medicine Healthcare Social Service
California Pacific Medical Center George Mason University
Committee on the Shelterless
Kevin Bowman, Ph.D. Gail Hochachka, M.A.
Michael Schwartz, Ph.D.
Economics International Development
Art
Augsburg College Drishti–Centre for Integral Action
Augusta State University
Allan Combs, Ph.D. Joanne Hunt, M.M.S, M.C.C.
Transformative Studies Coaching Simon Senzon, M.A., D.C.
California Institute of Integral Coaching Canada, Inc. Subtle Energies
Integral Studies
John F. Kennedy University
Elliott Ingersoll, Ph.D.
Susanne Cook-Greuter, Ed.D. Psychotherapy
Elizabeth Smith, DSW
Psychology Cleveland State University
Social Service
Harthill USA
Heather Larkin, Ph.D. Catholic University of America
John Dupuy, M.A. Social Service
Recovery Catholic University of America Paul van Schaik
Integral Recovery, LLC Sustainability
Andre Marquis, Ph.D., LPC
iSchaik Development Associates
Brian Eddy, Ph.D. Psychotherapy
Ecosystems Science University of Rochester
Joseph Voros, Ph.D.
Natural Resources Canada
Randy Martin, Ph.D. Science
Lynne Feldman, Esq. Criminology Swinburne University
Education Indiana University of
New York Integral, Inc. Pennsylvania Roger Walsh, Ph.D., M.D.
Psychiatry
Mark Fischler, J.D. Cynthia McEwen, MBA, M.A.
University of California, Irvine
Law Sustainability
Plymouth State University Avastone Consulting
Gregory Wilpert, Ph.D.
John Forman, OblSB Bert Parlee, Ph.D. Politics
Christian Ministry Psychotherapy Fulbright Scholar, Venezuela
Mt. Angel Abbey John F. Kennedy University
David Zeitler, M.A.
Marc Gafni, Ph.D. Terry Patten, M.A.
Psychotherapy
Spirituality Practice
John F. Kennedy University
Integral Life Spiritual Center Integral Institute
Jennifer Gidley, Ph.D. Gerald Porter, Ph.D. Michael Zimmerman, Ph.D.
Psychology, Education, Futures Education Ecology
RMIT University State University of New York University of Colorado, Boulder
ii Journal of Integral Theory and Practice—Vol. 5, No. 3
Journal of
INTEGRAL THEORY
and PRACTICE
Volume 5 • Number 3 • September 2010 A Postdisciplinary Discourse for Global Action
EDITORIAL
v Executive Editor’s Introduction
– Sean Esbjörn-Hargens
ARTICLES
1 Integral Political Economy
– Kevin Bowman
28 Integral Political Economy Redux: A Critique of Bowman’s “Integral Political Economy”
– Robert Scott
33 Integral Political Economy, Rejoinder: A Response to Scott
– Kevin Bowman
39 The Financial Crisis of 2008–2009: An Integral Political-Economic Analysis
– Kevin Bowman
68 The Integrated Recovery Model for Addiction Treatment and Recovery
– Guy Pierre du Plessis
86 Integral Recovery®: An AQAL Approach to Inpatient Alcohol and Drug Treatment
– John Dupuy and Adam Gorman
102 Shelter as Container for Healthy Human Development
– Anna Cowen
118 B.J. Palmer: An Integral Biography
– Simon Senzon
137 Indistinct Union: An Integral Introduction to Nonduality in Christianity
– Christopher Dierkes
157 Integral Christ: Exploring the Kosmic Address of the Christ of the Urantia Revelation
– Robert Kezer
BOOK SUMMARY
175 Spelling Out Integral Economic Science: The Full-Spectrum Project
– Christian Arnsperger
BOOK REVIEW
194 Full-Spectrum Economics: Toward an Inclusive and Emancipatory Social Science,
by Christian Arnsperger
– Bernard Lietaer
Journal of Integral Theory and Practice—Vol. 5, No. 3 iii
JOURNAL of INTEGRAL THEORY and PRACTICE
Aims and Organization
Integral Theory is an all-inclusive cognition, orange self-identity, Ken Wilber, Editor-in-Chief. Wilber
meta-framework that draws on the etc.), while Spiral Dynamics, in will offer constructive criticism and
key insights of the world’s greatest the context of Integral Theory, spe- theoretical clarifications. This is a
knowledge traditions. The aware- cifically refers to levels of values good opportunity to learn and refine
ness gained from drawing on all development. your understanding of Integral The-
perspectives allows integral practi- ory. The call will be recorded and a
tioners to bring new depth, clarity, Review Process link to download the audio will be
and compassion to every level of Initial Review provided within a week.
human endeavor—from unlock- Authors must submit articles to
ing individual potential to finding Lynwood Lord at llord@integralin- Editorial Review
new approaches to global-scale stitute.org. In cases where authors Accepted manuscripts are edited
problems. do not adhere to JITP submission in accordance with JITP editorial
guidelines, manuscripts will be re- style.
Articles published in the Journal of turned with a request that all com-
Integral Theory and Practice (JITP) ponents be provided. Theoretical Author Review
represent explorations in several changes, copy editing, and struc- Authors will be e-mailed a proof
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theoretical, pragmatic, experiential, at this stage. changes.
and critical. JITP is committed to
the refinement, development, and Peer Review Critical Presentations
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manuscripts to external reviewers. hypothetical and critical views in re-
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JITP follows American Psychologi- scripts may be systematically col- presenting hypothetical material
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lines. Visit www.integraljournal. search to improve the quality of the of development in one of the quad-
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and a glossary of Integral Theory that a suggestive addition that is not
terminology. An abbreviated outline Authors are expected to revise their currently part of Integral Theory is
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within one month. Changes should supportive material as possible to
In light of the fact that both Spiral be made using the track changes substantiate their position. When
Dynamics and the Integral model feature in Microsoft Word, so our presenting critical material, authors
sometimes use a color scheme to editorial team can quickly identify must represent the components and
describe levels of development, we edits. claims of Integral Theory within
request that authors specify which an academically acceptable range
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orange altitude vs. orange vMeme). Once a draft with peer-review com- process of hypothetical and critical
Altitude can be used to refer to any ments incorporated is received, a engagement as essential to the de-
developmental line (e.g., orange theory call will be scheduled with velopment of Integral Theory.
iv Journal of Integral Theory and Practice—Vol. 5, No. 3
EXECUTIVE EDITOR’S INTRODUCTION
Sean Esbjörn-Hargens
At the end of July, the Second Biennial Integral Theory Conference (ITC 2010) took place, and the over-
whelming consensus is that it was a major success. In fact, many individuals who found the first confer-
ence to be a great event remarked that this second conference was even better. There are a lot of contributing
factors to this, I believe, but I want to focus on one of them here: the maturation of integral discourse. One of
the notable qualities of the conference this year was that the integral discourse was more dimensional than at
the 2008 conference. This time around there was more academic integrity, more critiques presented, more nu-
anced arguments, deeper analysis, and so on. So while there is room for integral discourse to continue along
these trajectories, there was a felt sense that we are headed in the right direction as a community of theory
and practice.
This journal serves in part as an historical record to the development of the academic discourse of the integral
community. Over the past five years, the quality of the articles in the pages of JITP has consistently improved.
In this issue, we have a great range of content that I feel builds on the momentum of ITC 2010 and exemplifies
the current status of integral discourse. This occurs in several ways within this issue. First, many of the ar-
ticles build on previous articles in JITP in particular or on integral discourse in general. Thus, there is a sense
of current voices deepening and widening the conversation begun by others over the years. Second, several
of the articles break ground applying Integral Theory in innovative ways to new domains and contexts. Thus,
there is an increased range of application within the scope of Integral Theory. One of the things I love most
about Integral Theory as embodied by JITP is the wide range it spans while at the same time plumbing new
depths. This span-depth ratio is unique in that the Integral model is able to reach across many disciplines
(span) and engage issues within them in a sophisticated fashion (depth). After all, where else can you find
academic articles on economics and on nonduality in Christianity, or on sustainable development and on an
innovative approach to biography housed between the covers of a single issue of a journal? You are holding
such an issue in your hands now.
I am quite excited by the ways that integral discourse is developing and maturing. The Integral Theory Con-
ference and JITP are playing substantial roles in this evolution, as is the SUNY Press series in Integral Theory,
which recently published four academic books (two on Integral Psychotherapy, one on Integral Education,
and one on Integral Theory). In addition, there are many other sources of integral academic content being
published with increasing frequency. With each passing year the conversations are getting richer and richer,
and I feel confident that this issue makes a worthwhile contribution to the unfolding dialogue.
In This Issue
We launch this issue with a focus on Integral Economics. In 2008, JITP published two articles on Integral
Economics, one by Christian Arnsperger (2008) and the other by Kevin Bowman (2008). These two articles
arguably launched the field of Integral Economics. Joining these two seminal pieces are six more articles in
this issue.
Journal of Integral Theory and Practice—Vol. 5, No. 3 v
S. ESBJÖRN-HARGENS
First is “Integral Political Economy,” in which Kevin Bowman presents his integral political-economic
framework. In his 2008 article, Bowman describes an integral neoclassical growth model that uses the four
quadrants to present an integral view of capital. Building on this earlier work, his current article makes a num-
ber of unique contributions to the integral discourse. First, Bowman proposes an alternative-quadrant model
based on the two distinctions of internal-external and individual-collective. In doing so, Bowman is modeling
what Mark Edwards (2010) has suggested with respect to combining different integral distinctions to pro-
duce new integral lenses. Thus, Bowman’s alternative-quadrant model serves to remind us that Wilber’s four
quadrants (individual-collective x interior-exterior) do not have to be the only four-quadrant model within
an integral analysis. Furthermore, Bowman arrives at his alternative quadrants by working within the estab-
lished parameters of economic discourse, wherein the distinction of internal-external is commonly used. As
Bowman notes, his use of internal-external is similar to Wilber’s use of inside-outside. Another worthwhile
contribution that this article makes is that Bowman introduces three political-economic types (conservative,
liberal, and radical). This is useful in that types have to date been largely confined to personality or gender
types in integral discourse and as such are often associated with the Upper-Left quadrant. By introducing
three types associated with the Lower Left, Bowman expands our ability to make use of the types element of
Integral Theory. Bowman highlights how each type can have an immature or mature expression. This leads
him to posit an immature/mature fallacy wherein different types will reduce the sophisticated version of the
other types to an immature version of their position. Here again Bowman takes a standard feature of integral
thought (i.e., the pre/post fallacy) and provides a useful twist that expands the discourse in worthwhile ways.
In short, Bowman’s article not only helps to develop the emerging field of Integral Economics, it also dem-
onstrates the creative ways integral scholar-practitioners can make use of quadrants, types, and fallacies for
their respective applications.
Following this inspiring article, we have a critique of Bowman’s work by economist Robert Scott. Like
Bowman, Scott also has published in JITP on the field of Integral Economics (Scott, 2009). Scott presents
three core critiques of Bowman’s piece: 1) that the article is “too narrow in scope,” 2) he “fails to mention”
the contributions of economist John Maynard Keynes, and 3) that his integral political economy model lacks
empirical groundedness. Afterward, we allow Bowman to respond to Scott’s critiques. In “Integral Political
Economy, Rejoinder: A Response to Scott,” Bowman addresses each of Scott’s three challenges. In doing so,
Bowman clarifies his position and introduces some helpful figures that speak to the value and failures of both
the private and public sectors. While the particulars of Bowman and Scott’s positions are important and worth
scrutiny, what is arguably more valuable is the fact that we are at a point where such an exchange can occur
within the context of Integral Economics. It is through critique and response that any field matures by striving
to understand the perspective of challengers and then authors clarifying their position. Such a healthy debate
of ideas and approaches is crucial for Integral Theory in general and for specific fields of integral application.
I look forward to showcasing similar exchanges in future issues of JITP.
After Bowman’s response to Scott, we feature another article by Kevin Bowman. In “The Financial Crisis
of 2008-2009: An Integral Political-Economic Analysis,” Bowman applies his integral political economy
model to the modern financial system and the recent global recession. In particular, he makes a case for how
the three political-economic types of conservative, liberal, and radical in the United States all have had a
hand in the unhealthy discourse in the public arena. The resulting immature positions have contributed to
problematic economic policies. Similar to the creative use of quadrants in his first article (“Integral Politi-
cal Economy”), Bowman creates an alternative eight-zone model by taking his quadrant model based on the
individual-collective and internal-external dualities and adding to it an interior-exterior duality within each
resulting quadrant. As before, this kind of integral model building serves to remind us that Wilber’s “quad-
vi Journal of Integral Theory and Practice—Vol. 5, No. 3
EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION
rants” or “zones” are but one way we can engage in integral analysis and that in different contexts alternative
quadrants and zones might have integral value. Of course, the emerging challenge will be to keep track of
who is using quadrants in which way. Whether one agrees with the particulars of Bowman’s assessment of the
financial crisis of 2008-2009 or not, he does an amazing job of demonstrating the power of integral analysis.
As such, he provides all integral scholar-practitioners with a valuable reference point of how to be creative
with the distinctions within Integral Theory and to use them to address the war of partial perspectives that
so often characterizes our disciplines. He is also successful in showing how interiors can be included in the
largely interior-less landscape of economics. This is inspiring in that it demonstrates that interiors can be in-
corporated in disciplines that are not traditionally very observant of or interested in psychological and cultural
dimensions.
Over the years, JITP has published a number of articles on or related to Integral Recovery (e.g., Dupuy &
Morelli, 2007; Grillo, 2010; Shealy, 2009). So it is exciting to be adding to this important field of application
with two new articles by leading figures in the field. Both authors (Guy du Plessis and John Dupuy) also have
full book manuscripts under consideration for the SUNY Press book series in Integral Theory. I am pleased to
be publishing these articles side by side because they will give you a sense of the similarities and differences
with each of these worthwhile approaches to Integral Recovery.
We begin with Guy du Plessis’ “The Integrated Recovery Model for Addiction Treatment and Recovery.”
Du Plessis presents the Integrated Recovery model that he has developed at an addiction recovery center
in South Africa. As such, this model represents the world’s first integrally informed inpatient treatment ap-
proach. Du Plessis’ Integral approach to recovery builds on the 12 Step philosophy and method of Alcoholics
Anonymous. This is one of the main facets that sets du Plessis’ approach apart from John Dupuy’s. Du Plessis
provides us with a four-quadrant overview of Integrated Recovery theory. In particular, he does a great job
of highlighting the role that cultural and social dynamics play in an addict’s life and their road to recovery.
He goes on to discuss his model via the lenses of other key elements of Integral Theory (levels, lines, states,
and types). There are a number of other influential streams that du Plessis draws on, including mindfulness
training, positive psychology, and the Minnesota Model of addiction treatment.
Next, we have John Dupuy and Adam Gorman’s “Integral Recovery: An AQAL Approach to Inpatient Al-
cohol and Drug Treatment.” As with du Plessis work, this article serves to introduce readers to the Integral
Recovery® model that Dupuy and colleagues have developed. It does this through providing a case study of
Esau, a young man who participated in Dupuy’s approach. As with du Plessis, Dupuy and Gorman begin with
a four-quadrant overview of the recovery process and then introduce the individualized plan that was devel-
oped for Esau. This recovery plan is built around the five elements of Integral Theory. Dupuy and Gorman do
an excellent job of presenting the specifics of Esau’s situation and process in the program. As a result, we are
afforded a unique window into the contours of Integral Recovery through Esau’s daily routine and the specific
components of the six-month treatment program that was tailored for him.
Following Dupuy and Gorman’s article, we shift from Integral Recovery to Integral Sustainability. In “Shel-
ter as Container for Healthy Human Development,” Anna Cowen presents The Greenshop project. In this
project, Cowan inquires into how the built environment—in this case a financial services center and meeting
place for tribal leaders—can serve as a container for human development and simultaneously have a low
impact on the Earth. First, Cowan and her colleagues explored their own Kosmic addresses, and then they
used the AQAL model to map the relationships between the Terrains of Experience, Culture, and Systems.
These mappings in part were used to construct a community calendar that illustrated the complex linkages
Journal of Integral Theory and Practice—Vol. 5, No. 3 vii
S. ESBJÖRN-HARGENS
between culture and nature as well as interiors and exteriors. Cowen then takes us on a tour of how the project
interfaced with the spiral of development from infrared to green altitude. Exploring the dynamic landscape of
various values and altitudes of consciousness, this article provides an important case study of integral design
in rural South Africa.
Next we have Simon Senzon’s “B.J. Palmer: An Integral Biography.” Senzon is arguably the world’s leading
expert on the life of B.J. Palmer, a founding figure in the field of chiropractic medicine. As a practicing chiro-
practor and expert in the field of Integral Subtle Energies, Senzon is uniquely qualified to examine Palmer’s
life through the AQAL framework. In doing so, Senzon not only sheds some integral light on a fascinating
figure of the 20th century, but he also initiates Integral Biography, a new field of Integral Theory. Drawing
in part on Thierry Pauchant’s work on documenting key integral leaders, Senzon uses Pauchant’s criteria to
examine Palmer. After providing an initial integral analysis of Palmer, Senzon presents five key transitions in
Palmer’s life wherein he moved from one level of consciousness to the next. As a result, we are able to wit-
ness the development of consciousness across a single lifetime. Of particular interest is how Palmer towards
the end of his life, when he had regular access to turquoise altitude, publicly choose to use the pronoun “we”
instead of “I.” Such an unorthodox move gives us insight into both Palmer and integral structures of aware-
ness. I find Senzon’s article quite exciting in its modeling of how we might approach the lives of important
figures through an integral lens and as a result change the discourse of how we understand and relate to those
lives.
One of the fastest growing fields of application within Integral Theory is Integral Christianity. Over the past
five years there has been an explosion of articles, books, interviews, and videos in this area. For example,
Cameron Freeman’s book Post-metaphysics and the Paradoxical Teachings of Jesus: The Structures of the
Real (Peter Lang Publishers, 2010) does a great job of weaving together Integral Theory and postmodernism
(e.g., the work of Heidegger, Derrida, and Caputo) and the Christian tradition to present a “post-metaphysical
theology.” Contributing to this effort we have two articles in this issue.
First, we have Christopher Dierkes’ “Indistinct Union: An Integral Introduction to Nonduality in Christi-
anity.” Dierkes draws on the writings and teachings of contemporary Christian mystic Bernadette Roberts
to expand the classic three state-stage map of Christian mysticism to include a fourth nondual phase. This
fourth state-stage is called indistinct union and “refers to the way in which during the experience one is still
completely united to God while at the same time not recognizing oneself is a position separate from God.”
In demonstrating the compatibility of nonduality with Christian mysticism, Dierkes provides an important
service to Integral Spirituality by showing that the Eastern traditions do not have exclusive access to nondu-
ality. Throughout the article, Dierkes draws on Roberts’ own writings to provide a wonderful description of
her first-person process of moving through the four state-stages of spiritual realization. An article such as this
has the potential to really change the discourse around Christianity, especially within an Integral Spirituality
context.
Next, we have Robert Kezer’s “Integral Christ: Exploring the Kosmic Address of the Christ of the Urantia
Revelation.” Kezer is a recent graduate of the online master’s program in Integral Theory at John F. Kennedy
University. He brings a deep understanding of Integral Theory to bear on his 20 years of studying the Uranita
Revelation, which is associated with the Uranita Book (published in 1955). Kezer first introduces readers to
this fascinating and controversial 2,000-page book, and then uses the notion of Kosmic address to explore
the life and teachings of Jesus Christ as presented in the Urantia Book. Regardless of where one stands on
the origin of or truth of the Uranita Book, Kezer is successful in highlighting the inspiring message of its
viii Journal of Integral Theory and Practice—Vol. 5, No. 3
EDITORIAL INTRODUCTION
pages—a planetcentric and kosmocentric vision of Christ and his teachings that should stand at the center of
any form of Integral Christianity. One of the values of an Integral Christianity is that it has the potential to
draw on sources and traditions of insight around Christ’s message that traditionally have been marginalized
or entirely ignored. The Uranita material is a valuable source of mystical contemplation that deserves fresh
eyes, especially integral ones.
The issue concludes with a focus on one of the most substantial and exciting academic books published to
date in the field of Integral Theory: Christian Arnsperger’s Full-Spectrum Economics: Toward an Inclusive
and Emancipatory Social Science (Routledge, 2010). This is an impressive work that deserves to be read
not just by those interested in integrative approaches to economics, but should in my opinion be read by any
integral scholar-practitioner who wants to expand their own capacity to apply integral principles in a sophis-
ticated fashion. Given the value of this book for Integral Theory as well as Integral Economics, we asked
Arnsperger to provide an extensive summary and overview of the book himself. In “Spelling Out Integral
Economic Science: The Full-Spectrum Project,” Arnsperger provides a mix of original material alongside
summative material to give readers a sense of his pioneering work. This 19-page overview provides a nice
complement and juxtaposition to the articles by Bowman in this issue, and together they serve to usher in an
exciting new level of discourse and inquiry around Integral Economics.
This summary is followed by a book review by esteemed economist Bernard Lietaer, who has applied Inte-
gral Theory to money systems (e.g., Lietaer, 2005). In his review, Lietaer highlights the epistemological focus
that Arnsperger brings to his analysis and applauds Arnsperger’s efforts at articulating an integral approach
to economics.
In closing, I am excited that this issue provides a substantial contribution to Integral Economics through six
different offerings provided by Bowman, Scott, Arnsperger, and Lietaer, all of whom are important voices in
the field. Alongside climate change and international terrorism, global financial instability is one of the major
issues facing humanity. Integral Theory has much to offer all three planetary issues and the discourse that
surrounds them. I am encouraged by the work of the economists mentioned above that we will be increasingly
able to address economic realities from an Integral approach.
Retraction in Part
JITP apologizes to David Deida for endnote #10 that appeared in Rebecca Bailin’s (2009) “Feminine, Mas-
culine, Female, and Male in the Integral Space.” We published the endnote, which cited a negative personal
perspective on Mr. Deida, because it seemed to fall within the appropriate requirements of academic freedom.
It was later brought to our attention that the perspective cited was from what could best be termed a hate site
run by a person who has a long record of slandering Mr. Deida. Hate sites and tabloid-like mudslinging are
not legitimate under the figleaf of academic freedom and such discourse has no place in the context of JITP.
While we fully encourage criticism, there is a distinction between legitimate perspectives and the tabloid-like
hate sites that often thrive online.
REFERENCES Arnsperger, C. (2010). Full-spectrum economics: To-
ward an inclusive and emancipatory social sci-
Arnsperger, C. (2008). Building an integral economic ence. London, United Kingdom: Routledge.
science. Journal of Integral Theory and Practice, Bailin, R.A. (2009). Feminine, masculine, female, and
3(4), 1-16. male in the integral space. Journal of Integral
Journal of Integral Theory and Practice—Vol. 5, No. 3 ix
