joint us korea academic studies joint us korea academic studies

312 Pages·2016·7.64 MB·English

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RETHINKING ASIA IN TRANSITION: SECURITY INTENTIONS,
6

VALUES GAPS, AND EVOLVING ECONOMIC RELATIONS

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: GILBERT ROZMAN, THE ASAN FORUM JJOOIINNTT

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Deciphering China’s Security Intentions Economic Relations between North Korea i
in Northeast Asia and Its Neighbors n UU..SS..--KKOORREEAA
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Dynamic Dilemmas: China’s Evolving Introduction: The Political Economy of the .
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Northeast Asia Security Strategy North Korean Nuclear Crisis
Oriana Skylar Mastro Stephan Haggard .-K AACCAADDEEMMIICC
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U.S. Views of China’s Regional Strategy: Sphere China-North Korea Trade in 2015: The Beginning r
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of Influence or of Interests? of a Downturn
a SSTTUUDDIIEESS
Mark Tokola Li Tingting
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Deciphering China’s Security Intentions in Northeast The Void in North Korea’s Economic Relationship with a
Asia: The Japanese Debate Japan: Is Kim Wasting His Abductions Card? d
Michishita Narushige William Brown e RETHINKING ASIA IN TRANSITION:
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SECURITY INTENTIONS, VALUE GAPS,
Deciphering China’s Security Intentions in Northeast Russia-North Korea Economic Relations ic
Asia: A View from Russia Liudmila Zakharova S AND EVOLVING ECONOMIC RELATIONS
Alexander Gabuev t
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South Korea’s Economic Engagement toward
d
Deciphering China’s Security Intentions in Northeast North Korea i EDITOR-IN-CHIEF:
Asia: A View from South Korea Lee Sangkeun & Moon Chung-in e
s GILBERT ROZMAN
Lee Dong Ryul

Rethinking the South Korea-Japan Values Gap Shaping the Future of Economic Architecture
in East Asia
South Korean Identity under Park Geun-hye:
Crosscurrents & Choppy Waters Shaping the Future of East Asian Economic Architecture:
V
Scott Snyder The View from ASEAN
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Kaewkamol Pitakdumrongkit
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The Abe Administration and Japanese National .
2
Identity: An Update China’s Visions of Future East Asian
7
Brad Glosserman Economic Integration
Tu Xinquan
Changes in the Japan-South Korea National
Identity Gap Why is East Asian Integration Important to the
Gilbert Rozman United States?
Gary Hufbauer & Euijin Jung
Comparisons of the Alliance Thinking in Japan and
South Korea as a Reflection of National Identity
Audrye Wong
Will the “Comfort Women” Agreement Reduce
Japan-ROK Mutual Distrust?
Kimura Kan

Joint U.S.-Korea
Academic Studies
2016 | Volume 27
Editor-in-Chief
Gilbert Rozman
The Asan Forum
KEI Editorial Board
Editor-in-Chief: Gilbert Rozman, The Asan Forum
KEI Editor: Kyle Ferrier
Contract Editor: Gimga Group
Design: Gimga Group
The Korea Economic Institute of America is registered under the Foreign Agents Registration Act as
an agent of the Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, a public corporation established by
the Government of the Republic of Korea. This material is filed with the Department of Justice, where
the required registration statement is available for public inspection. Registration does not indicate
U.S. government approval of the contents of this document.
KEI is not engaged in the practice of law, does not render legal services, and is not a lobbying organization.
The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors. While this monograph is part of
the overall program of the Korea Economic Institute of America endorsed by its Officers, Board
of Directors, and Advisory Council, its contents do not necessarily reflect the views of individual
members of the Board or of the Advisory Council.
Copyright © 2016 Korea Economic Institute of America
www.keia.org
Printed in the United States of America. ISSN 2167-3462
Contents
KEI Board of Directors ..............................................................................................................................................i
KEI Advisory Council ................................................................................................................................................ii
About the Korea Economic Institute of America ....................................................................................................iii
Preface .....................................................................................................................................................................iv
DECIPHERING CHINA’S SECURITY INTENTIONS IN NORTHEAST ASIA
Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................1
Dynamic Dilemmas: China’s Evolving Northeast Asia Security Strategy
Oriana Skylar Mastro ...............................................................................................................................................9
U.S. Views of China’s Regional Strategy: Sphere of Influence or of Interests?
Mark Tokola ...........................................................................................................................................................25
Deciphering China’s Security Intentions in Northeast Asia: The Japanese Debate
Michishita Narushige .............................................................................................................................................41
Deciphering China’s Security Intentions in Northeast Asia: A View from Russia
Alexander Gabuev ..................................................................................................................................................59
Deciphering China’s Security Intentions in Northeast Asia: A View from South Korea
Lee Dong Ryul .........................................................................................................................................................75
RETHINKING THE SOUTH KOREA-JAPAN VALUES GAP
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................91
South Korean Identity under Park Geun-hye: Crosscurrents and Choppy Waters
Scott Snyder..........................................................................................................................................................103
The Abe Administration and Japanese National Identity: An Update
Brad Glosserman ..................................................................................................................................................115
Changes in the Japan-South Korea National Identity Gap
Gilbert Rozman ....................................................................................................................................................127
Comparisons of the Alliance Thinking of Japan and South Korea as a Reflection of National Identity
Audrye Wong .......................................................................................................................................................143
Will the Comfort Women Agreement Reduce Japan-ROK Mutual Distrust?
Kimura Kan ...........................................................................................................................................................159
ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN NORTH KOREA AND ITS NEIGHBORS
Introduction: The Political Economy of the North Korean Nuclear Crisis
Stephan Haggard .................................................................................................................................................175
China-North Korea Trade in 2015: The Beginning of Downturn
Li Tingting .............................................................................................................................................................185
The Void in North Korea’s Economic Relationship with Japan: Is Kim Wasting His Abductions Card?
William Brown......................................................................................................................................................199
Russia-North Korea Economic Relations
Liudmila Zakharova ..............................................................................................................................................211
South Korea’s Economic Engagement toward North Korea
Lee Sangkeun & Moon Chung-in..........................................................................................................................225
SHAPING THE FUTURE OF ECONOMIC ARCHITECTURE IN EAST ASIA
Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................................241
Shaping the Future of East Asian Economic Architecture: The View from ASEAN
Kaewkamol Pitakdumrongkit ...............................................................................................................................245
China’s Visions of Future East Asian Economic Integration
Tu Xinquan............................................................................................................................................................265
Why Is East Asian Integration Important to the United States?
Gary Hufbauer & Euijin Jung ................................................................................................................................279
Contributors ............................................................................................................................................................294
i | Joint U.S.-Korea Academic Studies
KEI Board of Directors
Tae Soo Kang, Ph.D.
Former Bank of Korea Official
Danny M. Leipziger
George Washington University
Hyun Oh-Seok, Ph.D.
Korea National Diplomatic Academy
Yoon-shik Park
George Washington University
David Steinberg
Georgetown University
Officers
The Honorable Donald Manzullo
President & CEO
Mark Tokola
Vice President
ii
KEI Advisory Council
Chair
The Honorable Kathleen Stephens
Stanford University
Mr. Bradley Babson His Excellency Tae-sik Lee
U.S.-Korea Institute at SAIS Former Ambassador to the U.S.
Dr. Claude Barfield Dr. Young-sun Lee
American Enterprise Institute Yonsei University
Dr. Thomas Cargill Dr. Wonhyuk Lim
University of Nevada, Reno Korea Development Institute
His Excellency Yoon-je Cho Mr. Paul McGonagle
Former Ambassador of the ROK to the UK Consultant
Dr. Nicholas Eberstadt The Honorable Mark C. Minton
American Enterprise Institute Indiana University
Dr. John Endicott Dr. G. Mustafa Mohatarem
Woosong University General Motors Corporation
Mr. Robert Fallon Dr. Moon Chung-in
Phosplatin Therapeutics LLC Yonsei University
Mr. Gordon Flake Dr. Hugh T. Patrick
Perth USAsia Centre Columbia University
The Honorable Thomas Hubbard The Honorable Ernest Preeg
McLarty Associates Former U.S. Ambassador
The Honorable James Kelly Dr. Mitchell Reiss
EAP Associates, LLC Colonial Williamsburg Foundation
Dr. Abraham Kim Mr. Alan Romberg
The Maureen and Mike Mansfield Center Henry L. Stimson Center
Mr. Andrew Kim Dr. Jeffrey Shafer
Sit/Kim International JR Shafer Insight
Mr. Spencer Kim His Excellency Joun-yung Sun
CBOL Corporation UN Association of the ROK
Mr. Bruce Klingner Mr. W. Robert Warne
The Heritage Foundation Former KEI President
Dr. Kirk Larsen Mr. Joseph Winder
Brigham Young University Former KEI President
iii | Joint U.S.-Korea Academic Studies
About the Korea Economic
Institute of America
Located in Washington D.C., the Korea Economic Institute of America (KEI) is the nation’s
oldest nonprofit policy outreach and educational organization focused on promoting
economic, political, and security relations between the U.S. and Republic of Korea. KEI aims
to broaden and deepen understanding among American policy leaders, opinion makers,
and the public about developments in Korea and the value of the U.S.-Korea relationship.
Since its founding in 1982, the Institute has organized programs across North America and
published research on a diverse range of issues, including U.S.-Korea trade and investments,
the North Korea nuclear program, alliance issues, the role of Korean Americans in U.S.
politics, and China’s growing role in the Asia-Pacific region. Through its publications,
outreach programs, social media outlets, and website, KEI provides access to in-depth and
current analyses about the two Koreas and issues impacting U.S.-South Korea relations.
KEI's signature activities include:
• Publishing three celebrated annual volumes—On Korea, Joint U.S.-Korea
Academic Studies, and Korea’s Economy—used by experts, leaders, and
universities worldwide.
• Bringing Korea experts and government officials to colleges and civic groups
across America to discuss timely events related to the Korean Peninsula and
Northeast Asia.
• Exploring contemporary issues with Korean and American policy, civic, and
cultural leaders through KEI’s podcast, Korean Kontext.
• Engaging leaders across the country through the annual Ambassadors’ Dialogue
program, in which the Korean Ambassador to the United States and the U.S.
Ambassador to South Korea embark on a series of private and public outreach
programs throughout the United States on U.S.-Korea relations.
• Hosting a premier luncheon program every year on Korean American Day to
recognize the contributions of the Korean American community to the U.S.-Korea
alliance and to honor prominent Korean Americans who have excelled in their
field or career.
For more information about these programs and upcoming events at KEI, please visit our
website, www.keia.org.
KEI is contractually affiliated with the Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (KIEP), a public policy
research institute located in Seoul and funded by the government of the Republic of Korea.
iv
Preface
Since our founding in 1982, the work of the Korea Economic Institute of America (KEI) has
progressed to reflect the evolving nature of United States-Republic of Korea relations.
Though many of the issues on which we seek to raise public discourse have transformed over
the years, the same natural convergence of values continues to underpin the understanding
and trust between our two peoples. Upholding our commitment to positive change based
on a strong foundation of shared interests, KEI was excited to have a new partner in 2016 for
our Academic Symposium, through which we strive to be a bridge between the academic
and policy communities.
This year, KEI traveled to Atlanta, Georgia to host part of our Academic Symposium at
the International Studies Association (ISA) conference. The annual conference features
international affairs scholars from around the world with a wide range of research interests
and regional specializations to present papers and discussions on contemporary issues in
their fields. We were pleased to contribute two panels on recent significant developments
in Northeast Asia. Moreover, for the first time as part of our Academic Symposium, two
panels were held in our Washington, D.C. office along with the two in Atlanta.
Although the setting for this year’s Academic Symposium may have changed, KEI again
turned to the skills and insights of Dr. Gilbert Rozman, the emeritus Musgrave Professor
of Sociology at Princeton University, to serve as the Editor-in-Chief for this Joint U.S.-
Korea Academic Studies volume and as an advisor to KEI’s programs at the ISA conference.
This collaboration has once more brought together an excellent group of scholars
and practitioners.
The experts in this volume have thoughtfully addressed large, challenging themes that
are pervasive throughout Asia and important for the U.S.-Korea alliance. China’s rise has
garnered much attention, yet in the academic literature Beijing’s security intentions in
Northeast Asia have tended to be overshadowed, a topic addressed in the first section.
Major developments in South Korea-Japan relations over the past year, particularly the
December 2015 agreement to address the “comfort women” issue, have led the authors in
the second section to explore how the interaction with the other country factors into the
national identity of each. Over the past year we have witnessed an increase in provocations
by North Korea, met with increasingly punitive measures from the international community
targeting its access to outside markets. Key to understanding how effective these efforts
can be are the economic relationships the DPRK has with its neighbors, discussed in the
third section. The final section looks to how the regional economic architecture in East
Asia might be shaped in the future, a particularly timely discussion as the fate of the Trans-
Pacific Partnership remains uncertain as this volume goes to print.
Whether our connection with you is new or continuing, we hope you enjoy the 27th edition
of the Joint U.S.-Korea Academic Studies volume and the excellent work it contains.
– The Honorable Donald Manzullo
President & CEO, Korea Economic Institute of America
October 2016