Jets from Young Stars II: Clues from High Angular Resolution Observations

295 Pages·2007·15.85 MB·English

by  Francesca Bacciotti

Lecture Notes in Physics
EditorialBoard
R.Beig,Wien,Austria
W.Beiglbo¨ck,Heidelberg,Germany
W.Domcke,Garching,Germany
B.-G.Englert,Singapore
U.Frisch,Nice,France
P.Ha¨nggi,Augsburg,Germany
G.Hasinger,Garching,Germany
K.Hepp,Zu¨rich,Switzerland
W.Hillebrandt,Garching,Germany
D.Imboden,Zu¨rich,Switzerland
R.L.Jaffe,Cambridge,MA,USA
R.Lipowsky,Potsdam,Germany
H.v.Lo¨hneysen,Karlsruhe,Germany
I.Ojima,Kyoto,Japan
D.Sornette,Nice,France,andZu¨rich,Switzerland
S.Theisen,Potsdam,Germany
W.Weise,Garching,Germany
J.Wess,Mu¨nchen,Germany
J.Zittartz,Ko¨ln,Germany
TheLectureNotes inPhysics
TheseriesLectureNotesinPhysics(LNP),foundedin1969,reportsnewdevelopments
in physics research and teaching – quickly and informally, but with a high quality and
theexplicitaimtosummarizeandcommunicatecurrentknowledgeinanaccessibleway.
Bookspublishedinthisseriesareconceivedasbridgingmaterialbetweenadvancedgrad-
uatetextbooksandtheforefrontofresearchandtoservethreepurposes:
(cid:129) tobeacompactandmodernup-to-datesourceofreferenceonawell-definedtopic
(cid:129) to serve as an accessible introduction to the field to postgraduate students and
nonspecialistresearchersfromrelatedareas
(cid:129) tobeasourceofadvancedteachingmaterialforspecializedseminars,coursesand
schools
Both monographs and multi-author volumes will be considered for publication. Edited
volumes should, however, consist of a very limited number of contributions only. Pro-
ceedingswillnotbeconsideredforLNP.
VolumespublishedinLNParedisseminatedbothinprintandinelectronicformats,the
electronicarchivebeingavailableatspringerlink.com.Theseriescontentisindexed,ab-
stractedandreferencedbymanyabstractingandinformationservices,bibliographicnet-
works,subscriptionagencies,librarynetworks,andconsortia.
ProposalsshouldbesenttoamemberoftheEditorialBoard,ordirectlytothemanaging
editoratSpringer:
ChristianCaron
SpringerHeidelberg
PhysicsEditorialDepartmentI
Tiergartenstrasse17
69121Heidelberg/Germany
[email protected]
Francesca Bacciotti
Emma Whelan
Leonardo Testi (Eds.)
Jets from Young Stars II
Clues from High Angular Resolution Observations
1 3
FrancescaBacciotti EmmaWhelan
LeonardoTesti DublinInstituteforAdvanced
OsservatorioAstrofisicodi Studies
Arcentri 31Fitzwilliamplace
LargoE.Fermi,5 Dublin2,Ireland
50125Firenze,Italy [email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
F. Bacciotti, E. Whelan and L. Testi (Eds.), Jets from Young Stars II: Clues from High
Angular Resolution Observations, Lect. Notes Phys. 742 (Springer, Berlin Heidelberg
2008),DOI10.1007/978-3-540-68032-1
MarieCurieResearchTrainingNetworkContract,JETSET:JetSimulations,
ExperimentsandTheory
(ContractNo.MRTN-CT-2004-005592)
ISBN:978-3-540-68031-4 e-ISBN:978-3-540-68032-1
LectureNotesinPhysicsISSN:0075-8450
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2007936167
(cid:2)c 2008Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright. Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerial is
concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,
reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication
orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisions oftheGermanCopyright LawofSeptember9,
1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsare
liableforprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw.
Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply,
evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelaws
andregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
Coverdesign:eStudioCalamarS.L.
Printedonacid-freepaper
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
springer.com
Lecture Notes in Physics
EditorialBoard
R.Beig,Wien,Austria
W.Beiglbo¨ck,Heidelberg,Germany
W.Domcke,Garching,Germany
B.-G.Englert,Singapore
U.Frisch,Nice,France
P.Ha¨nggi,Augsburg,Germany
G.Hasinger,Garching,Germany
K.Hepp,Zu¨rich,Switzerland
W.Hillebrandt,Garching,Germany
D.Imboden,Zu¨rich,Switzerland
R.L.Jaffe,Cambridge,MA,USA
R.Lipowsky,Potsdam,Germany
H.v.Lo¨hneysen,Karlsruhe,Germany
I.Ojima,Kyoto,Japan
D.Sornette,Nice,France,andZu¨rich,Switzerland
S.Theisen,Potsdam,Germany
W.Weise,Garching,Germany
J.Wess,Mu¨nchen,Germany
J.Zittartz,Ko¨ln,Germany
TheLectureNotes inPhysics
TheseriesLectureNotesinPhysics(LNP),foundedin1969,reportsnewdevelopments
in physics research and teaching – quickly and informally, but with a high quality and
theexplicitaimtosummarizeandcommunicatecurrentknowledgeinanaccessibleway.
Bookspublishedinthisseriesareconceivedasbridgingmaterialbetweenadvancedgrad-
uatetextbooksandtheforefrontofresearchandtoservethreepurposes:
(cid:129) tobeacompactandmodernup-to-datesourceofreferenceonawell-definedtopic
(cid:129) to serve as an accessible introduction to the field to postgraduate students and
nonspecialistresearchersfromrelatedareas
(cid:129) tobeasourceofadvancedteachingmaterialforspecializedseminars,coursesand
schools
Both monographs and multi-author volumes will be considered for publication. Edited
volumes should, however, consist of a very limited number of contributions only. Pro-
ceedingswillnotbeconsideredforLNP.
VolumespublishedinLNParedisseminatedbothinprintandinelectronicformats,the
electronicarchivebeingavailableatspringerlink.com.Theseriescontentisindexed,ab-
stractedandreferencedbymanyabstractingandinformationservices,bibliographicnet-
works,subscriptionagencies,librarynetworks,andconsortia.
ProposalsshouldbesenttoamemberoftheEditorialBoard,ordirectlytothemanaging
editoratSpringer:
ChristianCaron
SpringerHeidelberg
PhysicsEditorialDepartmentI
Tiergartenstrasse17
69121Heidelberg/Germany
[email protected]
Francesca Bacciotti
Emma Whelan
Leonardo Testi (Eds.)
Jets from Young Stars II
Clues from High Angular Resolution Observations
1 3
FrancescaBacciotti EmmaWhelan
LeonardoTesti DublinInstituteforAdvanced
OsservatorioAstrofisicodi Studies
Arcentri 31Fitzwilliamplace
LargoE.Fermi,5 Dublin2,Ireland
50125Firenze,Italy [email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
F. Bacciotti, E. Whelan and L. Testi (Eds.), Jets from Young Stars II: Clues from High
Angular Resolution Observations, Lect. Notes Phys. 742 (Springer, Berlin Heidelberg
2008),DOI10.1007/978-3-540-68032-1
MarieCurieResearchTrainingNetworkContract,JETSET:JetSimulations,
ExperimentsandTheory
(ContractNo.MRTN-CT-2004-005592)
ISBN:978-3-540-68031-4 e-ISBN:978-3-540-68032-1
LectureNotesinPhysicsISSN:0075-8450
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2007936167
(cid:2)c 2008Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright. Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerial is
concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,
reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication
orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisions oftheGermanCopyright LawofSeptember9,
1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violationsare
liableforprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw.
Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply,
evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelaws
andregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
Coverdesign:eStudioCalamarS.L.
Printedonacid-freepaper
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
springer.com
Preface
Atomic jets and molecular outflows from Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) are
among the most spectacular of astrophysical phenomena. Approaching this
topic, one gets immediately trapped by the breathtaking beauty of the opti-
calimagestakenfromEarthorSpacewithmoderntelescopes,onlytodiscover
soonafterthatthephysicsthatregulatestheirpropertiesisevenmoreintrigu-
ing.Outflowsarebelievedtoplayafundamentalroleintheformationprocess
of a new star and its planets, as they could be the principal agent for the
removal of the excess angular momentum from the star-disk system. Their
generation mechanism, still poorly understood, involves a complex interplay
of gravity, turbulence, and magnetic forces, while their propagation into the
surrounding medium affects through the action of shocks and ionizing fronts
the way the parent cloud evolves, and hence the future generations of young
stars. A deep understanding of stellar jets is therefore fundamental to any
theory of Star Formation.
The motivation of the four-year JETSET (Jet Simulations, Experiments
and Theory) Marie Curie Research Training Network is to build an inter-
disciplinary European research community focused on the study of jets from
youngstars.Thenetwork’sscientificgoalsfocusonunderstanding(1)thedriv-
ing mechanisms of jets aroundyoung stars;(2) the cooling-heatingprocesses,
instabilities, and shock structures in stellar and laboratory jets; and (3) the
impact of jets on energy balance and star formation in the galactic medium.
Central to these overall goals are the series of JETSET schools dedicated to
the training of our young researchers in key jet topics.
The second JETSET school “Jets from Young Stars: High Angular Re-
soution Observations”, was held at Marciana Marina, Elba Island, Italy, in
September 2006. The school focused on the current techniques for observing
jets, outflows,andcircumstellardisks atHighAngular Resolutionandonthe
procedures used in making an initial analysis of the data. This book collects
the lectures presented there. Although YSO jets can span several parsecs,
many of their properties, related to important and as yet unclear aspects of
their nature, are defined on distances of tens of AU or less. This is the case