Table Of ContentJesus God
and
in
Paul’s Eschatology
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JOURNAL FOR THE STUDY OF THE NEW TESTAMENT
SUPPLEMENT SERIES
19
Executive Editor, Supplement Series
David Hill
Publishing Editor
David E Orton
JSOT Press
Sheffield
Jesus and God
in
Paul's Eschatology
L. Joseph Kreitzer
Journal for the Study of the New Testament
Supplement Series 19
For Linda
Copyright © 1987 Sheffield Academic Press
Published by JSOT Press
JSOT Press is an imprint of
Sheffield Academic Press Ltd
The University of Sheffield
343 Fulwood Road
Sheffield S10 3BP
England
Typeset by Sheffield Academic Press
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Kreitzer, Larry Joseph
Jesus and God in Paul's eschatology.—
(Journal for the study of the New Testament
supplement series, ISSN 0143-5108; no. 19).
1. Bible. N.T. Epistles of Paul—Commentaries
I. Title II. Series
227'.06 BS2650.3
EISBN 9781850750666
CONTENTS
Preface 9
Abbreviations 11
INTRODUCTION 15
Chapter 1
GOD, THE MESSIAH AND THE TEMPORARY KINGDOM
IN JEWISH PSEUDEPIGRAPHAL LITERATURE 29
1. Pseudepigraphal Works of the Second
to First Centuries BCE 32
A. The Apocalypse of Weeks
(1 Enoch 93.1-10 and 91.12-17) 32
B. The Book of Jubilees 37
2. Pseudepigraphal Works of the First Century CE 41
A. 2 (Slavonic) Enoch 41
B. 4 Ezra (2 Esdras) 52
C. 2 (Syriac) Baruch 69
D. Summary of 4 Ezra and 2 Baruch 80
3. Other Jewish Works Relevant to the Discussion 80
A. Qumran Sectarian Literature 81
B. Sibylline Oracles 84
C. The Jewish Core underlying the Apocalypse of John 84
4. Concluding Summary 85
Chapter 2
THE PAROUSIA AND THE FINAL JUDGMENT IN PAUL 93
1. Views of Modern Scholarship on the
Origin of the Doctrine of the Parousia 94
A. Parousia as Church Addition:
Glasson and Robinson 95
B. Parousia and Church Abandonment:
Schweitzer and Bultmann 97
2. Final Judgment in Paul 99
A. Throne of Judgment: The Jewish Pseudepigrapha 102
B. Throne of Judgment: The Pauline Epistles 107
3. Day of the Lord in Paul 112
A. Referential Shift of'Lord' from God to Christ 113
B. Referential Shift of Pronouns from God to Christ 124
C. Referential Shift of Description of the Day of the Lord
from God to Christ 125
4. Concluding Summary 128
Chapter 3
THE MESSIAH AND THE KINGDOM IN PAUL 131
1. H paoiAeia and PaoiAeuco in Paul 132
A. 1 Corinthians 15.20-28 and the Kingdom of Christ 134
1. Scholarly Debate: Schweitzer and Davies 135
2. Scholarly Debate: Wilcke and Wallis 139
B. Psalm 110.1 and the Kingdom of Christ 146
C. The Christological Message of 1 Corinthians 15.20-28 149
2. Eschatological Theocentrism and Christocentrism:
A Summary Comparison of Jewish Pseudepigraphal
Literature and Paul 154
A. Diversity of Detail and Schematization 154
B. Functional Overlap between God and Christ 156
C. Presence of Textual Variants 156
D. Identification of Christ and God
within a Monotheistic Tradition 157
1. Ultimate Subordination—1 Corinthians 15.28c 158
2. Subordination in Worship—Philippians 2.11c 160
3. Nominal Clarification as Subordination 161
3. Concluding Summary 163
Chapter 4
CONCLUSIONS 165
Appendix
IMPLICATIONS FOR BIBLICAL STUDIES 171
1. The Question of the Relationship of the Pauline Corpus
to the Jewish Pseudepigrapha 171
2. Implications for the 'Son of Man' Debate 173
3. The Question of Development in Paul's
Eschatological Thought 177
4. The Question of the Nature of the Controversy
at Corinth and Thessaloniki 180
5. The Integrity of 2 Thessalonians and its
Relationship to 1 Thessalonians 181
6. The Question of Later Interpolations into the
Pauline Epistles 182
Notes 185
Bibliography 253
Index of Textual References 277
Index of Modern Authors 289
PREFACE
This book is a slightly revised form of my PhD work completed at
King's College, London, in 1985. I was fortunate to have been
awarded a Tutorial Studentship within the Department of Biblical
Studies at King's and count it a special privilege to have combined
the roles of student and teacher of New Testament during the Qourse
of my study there. I have no doubts that this arrangement did much
to make the time one of the most fulfilling and enriching of my
life.
I wish to record my thanks to Professor Graham Stanton, who
served as my supervisor at King's. He remains an inexhaustible
source of inspiration and encouragement, not only as far as academic
work is concerned, but also for his conviction of integrating his
immense learning with an abiding commitment to the Body of
Christ. One could not find a better representative for the motto of
King's as an institution dedicated to both "Sancte et Sapienta". I
gratefully acknowledge how fortunate I have been to have worked
alongside and studied under him. Much of the inspiration for the
book can be attributed to Graham; I claim the errors and short-
comings for myself.
There are many others on the staff at King's who deserve special
thanks as well. Michael Knibb played an especially important role in
that he encouraged and nurtured my interest in Jewish pseudepigraphal
literature. Leslie Houlden, Colin Hickling, Francis Watson, Richard
Coggins, Ronald Clements, Grace Jantzen, Stewart Sutherland,
Colin Gunton, Terry Tastard, and many others all helped to create
an atmosphere which made study a pleasure and a joy. Their
constant supportive interest in my work spurred me to produce that
which I could not have otherwise achieved.
I also owe an immense debt to all the friends at the two Baptist
churches with which I was in membership while in London,
Northcote Road and Battersea Chapel. They will never know how
much I relied upon them during those years. Theological study at the
graduate level can be a lonely and isolating experience. I thank them
that they helped to make it otherwise for me.
