Jerusalem and Athens: Cultural Transformation in Late Antiquity

365 Pages·2010·1.44 MB·English

by  by E A Judge (Author), Alanna Nobbs (Editor)

Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen
zum Neuen Testament
Herausgeber/Editor
JörgFrey(Zürich)
Mitherausgeber/AssociateEditors
FriedrichAvemarie(Marburg)
MarkusBockmuehl(Oxford)
Hans-JosefKlauck(Chicago,IL)
265

E. A. Judge
Jerusalem and Athens
Cultural Transformation
in Late Antiquity
EssaysSelectedand Editedby
Alanna Nobbs
Mohr Siebeck
E.A.J,born1928;EmeritusProfessorofHistoryatMacquarieUniversity
AN,born1944;ProfessorandHeadofDepartment,AncientHistory,
MacquarieUniversity
e-ISBN PDF 978-3-16-151554-5
ISBN978-3-16-150572-0
ISSN0512-1604(WissenschaftlicheUntersuchungenzumNeuenTestament)
Die Deutsche Nationalibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie;
detailedbibliographicdataareavailableontheInternetathttp://dnb.d-nb.de.
©2010MohrSiebeckTübingen.
Thisbookmaynotbereproduced,inwholeorinpart,inanyform(beyondthatpermittedby
copyrightlaw)withoutthepublisher’swrittenpermission.Thisappliesparticularlytorepro-
duction,translations,microfilmsandstorageandprocessinginelectronicsystems.
ThebookwastypesetbyeplineinKirchheim/TeckusingMiniontypeface,printedonnon-aging
paperbyGulde-DruckinTübingenandboundbyGroßbuchbindereiSpinnerinOttersweier.
InmemoryofPatriciaJoyJudge
(1930–2005)
whocaredaboutboth
QuidergoAthenisetHierosolymis,quidAcademiaeetEcclesiae?
‘WhatthenhasAthenstodowithJerusalem,ortheAcademywiththeChurch?’
Tertullian,Depraescriptionehaereticorum7(34).9
Preface
This third volume of Edwin Judge’s selected essays owes much to the support
ofJudgehimselfandtotheexcellentexamples setbythe twoearlier editors of
suchcollections,†DavidM.ScholerandJamesR.Harrison.
ThanksarealsoduetothoseattachedtotheAncientHistoryDocumentary
Research Centre within the Ancient Cultures Research Centre at Macquarie
University who have assisted in the production of the typescript. Jon Dal-
rymplecompiledtheindexes,PatGeidans, AnneIrishandBethLewisallassi-
sted with word-processing while Rachel Yuen-Collingridge handled the Greek
passages.
FinancialsupportisgratefullyacknowledgedfromtheSocietyfortheStudy
ofEarlyChristianity(initiallyproposedtotheCommitteebyJamesHarrison).
The Department of Ancient History in the Faculty of Arts at Macquarie Uni-
versityhasprovidednecessaryinfrastructure.
The project could not have happened without the judgement and encoura-
gement of Professor Jörg Frey, WUNT series editor, and Henning Ziebritzki,
EditorialDirector(TheologyandJewishStudies),MohrSiebeckandtheskilled
workoftheirstaff.
I would like to express my gratitude for the opportunity to teach and
research in the area of Early Christianity and Late Antiquity at Macquarie
University over the last forty years, and to thank my colleagues past and pre-
sent for an ideal intellectual climate in which to do so. Finally thanks to my
husband and family who have patiently borne Jerusalem and Athens for so
manyyears.
As a longstanding friend of Patricia Judge I am honoured to join Edwin in
dedicatingthiscollectiontohermemory.
AlannaNobbs
May2010

Table of Contents
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII
Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
I. ClassicalAntiquityandChristianity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1. TheBeginningofReligiousHistory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2. GroupReligionsintheRomanEmpire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3. SynagogueandChurchintheRomanEmpire:
TheInsolubleProblemofToleration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4. TheImpactofPaul’sGospelonAncientSociety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5. ‘AntikeundChristentum’:SomeRecentWorkfromCologne. . . . . . . 69
6. ‘AntikeundChristentum’:TowardsaDefinitionoftheField. . . . . . . 80
7. AthensandJerusalem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
II. DocumentsofLateAntiquity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
8. Jews,ProselytesandGod-fearersClubTogether. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
9. AStateSchoolteacherMakesaSalaryBid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
10. TheEcumenicalSynodofDionysiacArtists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
11. ThePuzzleofChristianPresenceinEgypt
BeforeConstantine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
12. TheEarliestUseofmonachosfor‘Monk’(P.Coll.Youtie77)
andtheOriginsofMonasticism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
13. Fourth-CenturyMonasticisminthePapyri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
14. TheQuestforMercyinLateAntiquity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
15. TheMagicalUseofScriptureinthePapyri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198