Jellyfish Blooms: Ecological and Societal Importance: Proceedings of the International Conference on Jellyfish Blooms, held in Gulf Shores, Alabama, 12–14 January 2000

338 Pages·2001·56.34 MB·English

by  Joseph W. Burnett (auth.)

Jellyfish Blooms: Ecological and
Societal Importance
Developments in Hydrobiology 155
Series editor
H. J. Dumont
Jellyfish Blooms: Ecological and
Societal Importance
Proceedings of the International Conference on Jellyfish Blooms,
held in Gulf Shores, Alabama, 12-14 January 2000
Edited by
J. E. Purcell1, W. M. Graham 2 & H. J. Dumont3
1 University of Maryland, Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Lab., Cambridge, MD, U.S.A.
2Dauphin Island Sea Lab., Dauphin Island, AL, U.S.A.
3 University of Ghent, Institute of Animal Ecology, Belgium
Reprinted from Hydrobiologia, volume 451 (2001)
SeaUfaiit
Mississippi-Alabama
:5> ^
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Jellyfish blooms: ecological and societal importance / edited by J.E. Purcell, W.M.
Graham and H.J. Dumont.
p. cm. - (Developments in hydrobiology; 155)
This volume developed from a conference held in Gulf Shores, Alabama in January 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (p.).
ISBN 978-94-010-3835-5 ISBN 978-94-010-0722-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-010-0722-1
1. Jellyfishes-Congresses. I. Purcell, J. E. II. Graham, W. M. HI. Dumont, H. J.
(Henry J.) IV. Series.
QL377.S4 J48 2001
593.5'3--dc21
2001029532
ISBN 978-94-010-3835-5
Cover illustration: Chrysaora fuscescens aggregation in Monterey Bay, California. Photo by Dave Wrobel.
All Rights reserved
©2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2001
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2001
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Conference information and group photo lX-X
Introduction xi-xiii
A complete listing of conference presentations XV-XVlll
JELLYFISH AND HUMAN ENTERPRISE: FISHERIES AND TOURISM
Medical aspects of jellyfish envenomation: pathogenesis, case reporting and therapy
Joseph W. Burnett 1-9
Jellyfish as food
Y-H. Peggy Hsieh, Fui-Ming Leong, Jack Rudloe 11-17
Jellyfish fisheries in southeast Asia
Makoto Omori, Eiji Nakano 19-26
Interactions of pelagic cnidarians and ctenophores with fish: a review
Jennifer E. Purcell, Mary N. Arai 27-44
Feeding on survival-food: gelatinous plankton as a source of food for anchovies
Hermes Mianzan, M. Pajaro, G. Alvarez Colombo, A. Madirolas 45-53
JELLYFISH AND CHANGING ECOSYSTEMS
Jellyfish blooms: are populations increasing globally in response to changing ocean
conditions?
Claudia E. Mills 55-68
Pelagic coelenterates and eutrophication: a review
Mary N. Arai 69-87
Effects of low dissolved oxygen on survival and asexual reproduction of scyphozoan
polyps (Chrysaora quinquecirrha)
Robert H. Condon, Mary Beth Decker, Jennifer E. Purcell 89-95
Numerical increases and distributional shifts of Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor) and
Aurelia aurita (Linne) (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) in the northern Gulf of Mexico
William M. Graham 97-111
VI
Timing and size of blooms of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in relation to temperature
in Narragansett Bay, RI
Barbara K. Sullivan, Donna Van Keuren, Michael Clancy 113-120
The impact of El Nino events on populations of mesopelagic hydromedusae
Kevin A. Raskoff 121-129
Jellyfish swarms, tourists, and the Christ-child
Mike N Dawson, Laura E. Martin, Lolita K. Penland 131-144
The ctenophore Mnemiopsis in native and exotic habitats: U.S. estuaries versus the Black
Sea basin
Jennifer E. Purcell, Tamara A. Shiganova, Mary Beth Decker, Edward D. Houde 145-176
Chemical composition, respiration and feeding rates of the new alien ctenophore, Beroe
ovata, in the Black Sea
G. A. Finenko, B. E. Anninsky, Z. A. Romanova, G. I. Abolmasova, A. E. Kideys 177-186
The new invader Beroe ovata Mayer 1912 and its effect on the ecosystem in the
northeastern Black Sea
Tamara A. Shiganova, Yulia V. Bulgakova, Stanislav P. Volovik, Zinaida A. Mirzoyan, Sergey
I. Dudkin 187-197
PHYSICALIHYDRODYNAMIC INTERACTIONS WITH JELLYFISH
A physical context for gelatinous zooplankton aggregations: a review
William M. Graham, Fransesc Pages, William M. Hamner 199-212
Developing jellyfish strategy hypotheses using circulation models
Donald R. Johnson, Harriet M. Perry, W. David Burke 213-221
Flow and prey capture by the scyphomedusa Phyllorhiza punctata von Lendenfeld, 1884
Isabella D' Ambra, John H. Costello, Flegra Bentivegna 223-227
JELLYFISH REPRODUCTION AND POPULATION BIOLOGY
Reproduction and life history strategies of the common jellyfish, Aurelia aurita, in
relation to its ambient environment
Cathy H. Lucas 229-246
In situ estimation of ephyrae liberated from polyps of Aurelia aurita using settling plates
in Tokyo Bay, Japan
Tomoko Watanabe, Hamto Ishii 247-258
Geographic variation and ecological adaptation in Aurelia (Scyphozoa, Semaeostomeae):
some implications from molecular phylogenetics
Mike N Dawson, Laura E. Martin 259-273
GENERAL ECOLOGY OF JELLYFISH
Observations on the distribution and relative abundance of the scyphomedusan
Chrysaora hysoscella (Linne, 1766) and the hydrozoan Aequorea aequorea (Forskal,
1775) in the northern Benguela ecosystem
Conrad Sparks, Emmanuelle Buecher, Andrew S. Brierley, Bjl1lrn Erik Axelsen, Helen Boyer,
Mark 1. Gibbons 275-286
vii
A novel cilia-based feature within the food grooves of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis
mccradyi Mayer
Anthony G. Moss, Rebecca C. Rapoza, Lisa Muellner 287-294
Protistan epibionts of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis mccradyi Mayer
Anthony G. Moss, Anne M. Estes, Lisa A. Muellner, Darrell D. Morgan 295-304
Digenea parasites of jellyfish and ctenophores of the southern Atlantic
Sergio R. Martorelli 305-310
Food and feeding of Aurelia aurita in Tokyo Bay with an analysis of stomach contents
and a measurement of digestion times
Haruto Ishii, Fusako Tanaka 311-320
Distribution, abundance, behavior and metabolism of Periphylla periphylla, a mesopela-
gic coronate medusa in a Norwegian fjord
Marsh J. Youngbluth, Ulf Bamstedt 321-333
*
Hydrobiologia 451: ix, 2001. IX
International Conference on Jellyfish Blooms
Gulf Shores, Alabama
12-14 January 2000
Conference Organizers: Dr W. M. Graham (Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Alabama)
Dr 1. E. Purcell (Horn Point Laboratory, Maryland)
Conference Sponsors: Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium
Dauphin Island Sea Lab
The conference logo depicting the 'global jellyfish aggregation' was conceived by Dr Graham,
and graciously placed on paper by Mr R. Dixon.
The photograph on the cover of Chrysaora fuscescens aggregation in Monterey Bay, California,
is by David Wrobel.
Bibliographic references to works from this volume should be in the following form:
For the entire volume:
Purcell, J. E., W. M. Graham & H. J. Dumont (eds), 2001. Jellyfish Blooms: Ecological and
Societal Importance. Developments in Hydrobiology 155. Kluwer Academic Publishers,
Dordrecht: xviii + 334 pp. Reprinted from Hydrobiologia 451.
For individual papers:
Burnett, J. W., 2001. Medical aspects of jellyfish envenomation: pathogenesis, case reporting
and therapy. Hydrobiologia451 (Dev. Hydrobiol. 155): 1-9.
x
Participants of the International Conference on Jellyfish Blooms held in Gulf Shores, Alabama, 12-14 January 2000.
" Hydrobiologia 451: xi-xiii, 2001.
Xl
Introduction
Scientific awareness of gelatinous zooplankton, which includes medusae, siphonophores, cteno
phores, salps, and larvaceans, has increased markedly in the past three decades. At the forefront
of this research field is the possibility that ecological change, forced by a variety of factors,
may be enhancing gelatinous zooplankton populations in estuarine and marine environments.
To address ecological and societal issues of jellyfish blooms around the world, the International
Conference on Jellyfish Blooms was held in Gulf Shores, Alabama, on the coast of the northern
Gulf of Mexico, in January 2000. This conference convened many of the world's current and
future investigators of gelatinous zooplankton ecology to discuss the past, present and future
of our field. The Conference was hugely successful in assembling scholars that ranged from
patriarchs and matriarchs in the field to graduate and undergraduate students. In total, more
than 70 scientists representing 13 countries from 5 continents attended the three-day conference
hosted by the Dauphin Island Sea Lab. and the Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium.
This group of scientists represents the majority of jellyfish researchers worldwide. A total of 53
oral and poster presentations were contributed.
The International Conference on Jellyfish Blooms was a natural progression in the lineage
of jellyfish ecology across scales of understanding. We can even link historical events to major
transitions in how scientists have approached ecological studies of jellyfish. The first major
transition occurred in the late 1960s following the United States' passage of a legislative bill
entitled 'The Jellyfish Act', which released the single largest research allocation at that time to
study the regulation of jellyfish populations, primarily Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Desor) in the
Chesapeake Bay. The 'Jellyfish Act' served as a significant transition of emphasis from the or
ganism to the. population. We would like to especially acknowledge the important contributions
of Mr David Cargo (e.g., Cargo & Schultz, 1966, 1967; Cargo & King, 1990), who, regrettably,
passed away before the Gulf Shores conference. The anticipated product of the Jellyfish Act,
which was the ability for humans to regulate jellyfish populations, never materialized. Never
theless, Jellyfish Act-funded research produced a wealth of information on feeding, growth,
reproduction, development, and behavior of jellyfish.
The next transition in jellyfish ecology research was from the population level to the eco
system level in the 1970s and 1980s. A major factor contributing to this transition was the
development of an action plan to address pollution issues in the Mediterranean Sea. As part of
the Mediterranean Action Plan (MAP), workshops were held in 1983 (Athens, Greece) and in
1986 and 1987 (Trieste, Italy) to understand the possible linkages between environmental pollu
tion and jellyfish blooms, principally of Pelagia noctiluca (Forsskal), in the Mediterranean Sea.
These workshops and their subsequent scientific reports (UNEP 1984, 1991) highlighted the
complex relationships between jellyfish blooms, environmental variability, and human activity.
It was not until the late 1980s that the 'human dimension' to jellyfish blooms could be fully
appreciated. It was at this transition point when ecosystem level research was linked to socio
economics and politics as a consequence of the major ecological shift that took place in the