Japan's Total Empire: Manchuria and the Culture of Wartime Imperialism (Twentieth Century Japan: The Emergence of a World Power)

508 Pages·1999·10.06 MB·English

by  Louise Young

Japan's Total Empire
Twentieth-Century Japan: The Emergence of a World Power
Irwin Scheiner, Editor
1. Labor and Imperial Democracy in Prewar Japan, by Andrew Gordon
Complicit Fictions: The Subject in the Modern Japanese Prose
2.
Narrative, by James A. Fujii
3. The Making of a Japanese Periphery, 1750-1920, by Karen Wigen
of
4. The Abacus and the Sword: The Japanese Penetration Korea,
1895-1910, by Peter DUlls
5. Authenticating Culture in Imperial Japan, by Leslie Pincus
6. Splendid Monarchy: Power and Pageantry in Modern Japan,
by T. Fujitani
7. Marketing the Menacing Fetus in Japan, by Helen Hardacre
8. Japan's Total Empire: Manchuria and the Culture of Wartime
Imperialism, by Louise Young
of
9. Mirror Modernity: Invented Traditions of Modern Japan,
edited by Stephen Vlastos
Hiroshima Traces: Time, Space, and the Dialectics of Memory,
10.
by Lisa Yoneyama
MAVO: Japanese Artists and the Avant-Garde, 1905-1931,
11.
by Gennifer Weisenfeld
of
Reconfiguring Modernity: Concepts Nature in Japanese Political
12.
Ideology, by Julia Adeney Thomas
:13. The City as Subject: Seki Hajime and the Reinvention of Modern
Osaka, by Jeffrey E. Hanes
14. Japanese Families in Crisis, by Merry Isaacs White
Japan's Total El11pire
Manchuria and the Culture
of Wartime Imperialism
Y
LOUISE DUNG
University of California Press
BERKELEY Los ..A .NGELES LONDON
Publication of this work was generously supported by-a grant from the
Japan Foundation.
University of California Press
Berkeley and Los Angeles, California
University of California Press, Ltd.
London, England
©1998 by the Regents of the University of California
First Paperback Printing 1999
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Young, Louise, 1960-
Japan's total empire: Manchuria and the culture of wartime
imperialism / Louise Young.
p. cm.-(Twentieth-century Japan; 8)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-520-21934-1 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Manchuria (China)-HistorY-1933-1945. 2. Mukden Incident,
1931. 3· Japan-HistorY-1926-1945· 4· World politics-1933-
1945. I. Title. n. Series
DS783·7·Y67 1998
325'.352' 09518-cic21 97-1715
CIP
Printed in the United States of America
08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01
9 8 7 6 5 43 2
The paper used in this publication is both acid-free and totally chlorine-free
(TCF).1t meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992
(R 1997) (Permanence of Paper). c§
In memory of
Louise Merwin Young
190}-1992
A Study of the East Asian Institute, Columbia University
The East Asian Institute is Columbia University's center for research,
publication, and teaching on modern East Asia. The Studies of the East
Asian Institute were inaugurated in 1962 to bring to a wider public the
results of significant new research on modern and contemporary East
Asia.
Contents
of
List Map and Tables
IX
Acknowledgments xi
Note on Sources xiii
PART I THE MAKING OF A TOTAL EMPIRE
1. Manchukuo and Japan 3
2. The Jewel in the Crown: The International Context
of Manchukuo 21
PART 11 THE MANCHURIAN INCIDENT AND THE NEW MILITARY
IMPERIALISM, 1931-1933
3· War Fever: Imperial Jingoism and the Mass Media 55
Go-Fast Imperialism: Elite Politics
4·
and Mass Mobilization 115
PART III THE MANCHURIAN EXPERIMENT IN COLONIAL
DEVELOPMENT, 1932-1941
5· Uneasy Partnership: Soldiers and Capitalists
in the Colonial Economy 183
6. Brave New Empire: Utopian Vision
and the Intelligentsia 241
PART IV THE NEW SOCIAL IMPERIALISM AND THE FARM
COLONIZATION PROGRAM, 1932-1945
Reinventing Agrarianism: Rural Crisis and the
7·
Wedding of Agriculture to Empire 307
viii / Contents
8. The Migration Machine: Manchurian Colonization
and State Growth 352
9· Victims of Empire 399
PART V CONCLUSION
10. The Paradox of Total Empire 415
Bibliography 437
Index
457
Map and Tables
Map of Manchukuo circa 1944
XIV
Tables
1. Investment in public and private enterprises
in Manchukuo 214
2. Capital investment in Manchukuo through stocks,
loans, and bonds 21
5
Direct investment in Manchukuo
3·
by new and old zaibatsu 216
4- Japanese companies in Manchuria, 1931 252
New corporations in Manchukuo and the Kwantung
5-
Leased Territory, January 1932-December 1937 252
6. Growth of Japanese population in
selected Manchukuo cities 253
7- Japanese hotel patrons in selected Manchukuo cities,
1934-1939 264
8. Japanese overseas population in 1930 314
9· Emigration by prefecture 329
10. Village colonization model budget 36}
11. Emigration targets and percentage of target achieved 394
lX