Table Of ContentSt Antony's Series
General Editor: Eugene Rogan (1997-), Fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford
Recent tities include:
Carl Aaron
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF JAPANESE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
IN THE UK AND THE US
UIi Bialer
OlL AND THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT, 1948-63
Craig Brandist and Galin Tihanov (editors)
MATERIALIZING BAKHTIN
Simon Duke
THE ELUSIVE QUEST FOR EUROPEAN SECURITY
Tim Dunne
INVENTING INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY
Marta Dyczok
THE GRAND ALLIANCE AND UKRAINIAN REFUGEES
Ken Endo
THE PRESIDENCY OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION UND ER
JACQUES DELORS
M. K. Flynn
IDEOLOGY, MOBILIZATION AND THE NATION
The Rise of Irish, Basque and Carlist Nationalist Movements in the
Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
Anthony Forster
BRITAIN AND THE MAASTRICHT NEGOTIATIONS
Fernando Guirao
SPAIN AND THE RECONSTRUCTION OF WESTERN EUROPE, 1945-57
Anthony Kirk-Greene
BRITAIN'S IMPERIAL ADMINISTRATORS, 1858-1966
Bernardo Kosacoff
CORPORATE STRATEGIES UNDER STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT IN ARGENTINA
Responses by Industrial Firms to a new set of Uncertainties
Huck-ju Kwon
THE WELFARE STATE IN KOREA
Cecile Laborde
PLURALISM THINKING AND THE STATE IN BRITAIN AND FRANCE, 1900-25
Eiichi Motono
CONFLICT AND COOPERATION IN SINO-BRITISH BUSINESS, 1860-1911
The Impact of the Pro-British Commercial Network in Shanghai
c. S. Nicholls
THE HISTORY OF ST ANTONY'S COLLEGE, OXFORD, 1950-2000
Laila Parsons
THE DRUZE BETWEEN PALESTINE AND ISRAEL, 1947-49
Patricia Sloane
ISLAM, MODERNITY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG THE MALAYS
Karina Sonnenberg-Stern
EMANCIPATION AND POVERTY
The Ashkenazi]ews of Amsterdam 1796-1850
Miguel Szekely
THE ECONOMICS OF POVERTY AND WEALTH ACCUMULATION
IN MEXICO
Ray Takeyh
THE ORIGINS OF THE EISENHOWER DOCTRINE
The US, Britain and Nasser's Egypt, 1953-57
Steve Tsang and Hung-mao Tien (editors)
DEMOCRATIZATION IN TAIWAN
Yongjin Zhang
CHINA IN INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY SINCE 1949
]an Zielonka
EXPLAINING EURO-PARALYSIS
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St Antony's Series
Series Standing Order ISBN 978-0-333-71109-5
(outside North America only)
You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order.
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Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd Houndmills, Basingstoke,
Hampshire RG21 6XS, England
Japan's Quest for a
I>ermanent Security
<=ouncil Seat
A Matter of Pride or justice?
Reinhard Drifte
Professor o( Japanese Polities
University o( Newcastle upon Tyne
in association with
Palgrave Macmillan
First published in Great Britain 2000 by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London
Companies and representatives throughout the world
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-0-333-69938-6
First published in the United States of America 2000 by
ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC.,
Scholarly and Reference Division,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010
ISBN 978-1-349-62665-6 ISBN 978-1-137-07467-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-137-07467-6
Libary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Drifte, Reinhard.
Japan's quest for a permanent security council seat : a matter of
pride or justice? I Reinhard Drifte.
p. em. - (St. Antony's series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. United Nations. Security Council-Membership. 2. United
Nations-Japan. 3. Japan-Foreign relations-1989- I. Title.
II. Series.
JZ5006.7.D75 1999
327.52'009'045-dc21 99-40402
CIP
© Reinhard Drifte 2000
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2000 978-0-312-22847-7
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made
without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written
permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act
1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright
Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London WlP OLP.
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to
criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with
the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained
forest sources.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00
Ta Callette
Contents
List o( Tables ix
~~ x
List o( Abbreviations xii
Introduetion 1
1 The Seeurity Couneil Issue in Japan's
UN Poliey, 1956-89 10
Introduetion 10
]oining the UN 11
UN poliey during the initial years 16
Early moves towards the Security Couneil bid 18
Keeping UN Charter revisionism alive 35
'Quasi' permanent Seeurity Couneil membership
as a stepping stone? 46
Conclusions 50
2 Japan's Multilateral Reeord and the
Rationale for the Bid 52
Introduction 52
]apan's multilateral diplomaey in the 1990s 53
The Gulf War, 1991 65
Japan's reeord as a non-permanent member
on the Security Couneil 67
PKO participation and the bid 74
Permanent membership: a matter of prestige? 95
Permanent membership: a matter of financial power? 99
Permanent membership: a matter of merit and readiness? 104
Conclusions 110
3 Gathering Support at the Domestic ami
International Levels 112
Introduetion 112
The end of the East-West eonfrontation and
the Security Couneil 113
Competitive pressures from Germany 118
vii
viii Contents
A low profile policy for domestic consumption versus
externallobbyism 120
The outcome: application by stealth and prevarication 124
Winning support among member states 13S
The pros and cons of US endorsement 137
Support from the UK, France and Russia 141
Common EU position defeated by Italy 144
Buying Third World backing? 14S
Conclusions IS3
4 ]apan's Participation in the Working Group
on Security Council Reform ISS
Introduction ISS
Historical background of security council
reform attempts ISS
Security Council reform in the 1990s 161
Equitable representation 163
Financial power as qualification 164
Scope of Security Council enlargement 168
Silence on the veto right 174
Improving working practices of the Security Council 179
Towards permanent stalemate instead of
permanent membership? 181
Conclusions 18S
Conclusion 187
Notes 198
Bibliography 246
Index 261
List of Tables
2.1 PKO and normal UN budget assessment ratio 76
2.2 Reasons for opposing permanent Security Council
membership 83
2.3 Traops and other personnel contributions to PKO 91
2.4 Scale of UN budget assessment 100
2.5 Selective list of voluntary contributions fram
Japan to UN agencies 101
2.6 Reasons for agreeing with the bid for permanent
Security Council membership 104
2.7 Should Japan become a permanent
Security Council member? 106
3.1 ODA to Africa 148
ix
Preface
Thanks has to go first to all those who contributed to my buyout
from teaching and administration in the Department of Politics of the
University of Newcastle and to my research funding during the course
of this book project from April 1997 to December 1998. The buyout
for April 1997-March 1998 was financed by the Konishi Foundation
(Tokyo) and thereafter, two thirds were provided by Uren co Ltd.
(Marlow, Bucks.) and the other third by a donation through the Japan
Foundation from a group of friends in Japan. I am therefore particu
larly grateful to Konishi Jineimon, President of Nippon Zoki (Osaka),
Jürgen Paleit, Managing Director of URENCO Ltd. (Marlow), and my
old friends and supporters, Uchikoshi Shimazu (Tokyo) and Tomofuji
Kimio (Kobe), who organized the group of friends in Japan, apart from
financially contributing themselves. Thanks to the Japan Foundation,
I could spend nine fruitful months (May 1997-February 1998) at
Saitama University. The Japan Foundation Endowment Committee in
Britain went out of its way to fund my field research in New York
(April-May 1998).
At Saitama University my host was Professor Yoshida Yasuhiko, a
friend from the time when he was working in the Uni ted Nations
office at Geneva while I was at the Graduate Institute of International
Studies. He was most helpful in letting me use his UN-related library
and documentation and giving me precious advice and guidance
(including proofreading and commenting on the whole draft), apart
from being a generous friend. He was also instrumental in finding a
Japanese publisher and taking care of the Japanese translation of this
book. While in New York I was attached as Visiting Fellow to Columbia
University's East Asian Institute thanks to the support of Robert
Immerman, Senior Research Fellow at the Institute.
I am grateful to the many dlplomats, academics, UN staff and jour
nalists in Tokyo and New York who gave me their precious time for
the many interviews I conducted, and for providing information I
requested. Many active and retired members of the Japanese Ministry
of Foreign Affairs deepened my knowledge of their country's multilat
eral diplomacy. Mr Tsukamoto Takashi of the Diet Library provided me
access to many articles on my subject. I am particularly grateful to Ingo
Winkelmann (Embassy of the Federal Republic in Sarajewo) and Sam
x
