Table Of ContentST ANTONY' S/MACMILLAN SERIES
General Editor: Alex Pravda, Fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford
Recent titles include:
Mark D. Alleyne
INTERNATIONAL POWER AND INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION
Daniel A. Bell, David Brown, Kanishka Jayasuriya and David Martin Jones
TOWARDS ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY IN PACIFIC ASIA
Judith M. Brown and Rosemary Foot (editors)
MIGRATION: The Asian Experience
Sir Alec Cairncross
MANAGING THE BRITISH ECONOMY IN THE 1960s: A Treasury Perspective
Anne Deighton (editor)
BUILDING POSTWAR EUROPE: National Decision-makers and European
Institutions, 1948-63
Simon Duke
THE NEW EUROPEAN SECURITY DISORDER
Christoph Gassenschmidt
JEWISH LIBERAL POLITICS IN TSARIST RUSSIA, 1900-14: The Modernization
of Russian Jewry
Amitzur Ilan
THE ORIGIN OF THE ARAB-ISRAELI ARMS RACE: Arms, Embargo, Military
Power and Decision in the 1948 Palestine War
Hiroshi Ishida
SOCIAL MOBILITY IN CONTEMPORARY JAPAN
Austen lvereigh
CATHOLICISM AND POLITICS IN ARGENTINA, 1910-60
Leroy Jin
MONETARY POLICY AND THE DESIGN OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS-IN
CHINA, 1978-90
Matthew Jones
BRITAIN, TI-lE UNITED STATES AND THE MEDITERRANEAN WAR, 1942-44
Anthony Kirk-Greene and Daniel Bach (editors)
STATE AND SOCIETY IN FRANCOPHONE AFRICA SINCE INDEPENDENCE
Leslie McLoughlin
IBN SAUD: Founder of a Kingdom
Rosalind Marsh
HISTORY AND LITERATURE IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIA
David Nicholls
THE PLURALIST STATE: The Political Ideas of J. N. Figgis and his
Contemporaries
J. L. Porket
UNEMPLOYMENT IN CAPITALIST, COMMUNIST AND POST-COMMUNIST
ECONOMIES
Charles Powell
JUAN CARLOS OF SPAIN: Self-Made Monarch
H. Gordon Skilling
T. G. MASARYK: Against the Current, 1882-1914
William J. Tompson
KHRUSHCHEV: A Political Life
Christopher Tremewan
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SOCIAL CONTROL IN SINGAPORE
Stephen Welch
THE CONCEPT OF PQLITICAL CULTURE
Jennifer M. Welsh
EDMUND BURKE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: The Commonwealth of
Europe and the Crusade against the French Revolution
Japan's Alliance Politics
and Defence Production
Neil Renwick
Senior Lecturer in International Relations
Nottingham Trent University, and
Northern Territory University, Darwin, Australia
~
in association with
Palgrave Macmillan
MACMILlAN
© Neil Renwick 1995
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1995 978-0-333-54031-2
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of
this publication may be made without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or
transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with
the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988,
or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying
issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court
Road, London WIP 9HE.
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this
publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil
claims for damages.
First published 1995 by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS
and London
Companies and representatives
throughout the world
ISBN 978-1-349-38998-8 ISBN 978-0-230-37145-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230371453
A catalogue record for this book is available
from the British Library.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
04 03 02 01 00 99
To Mary Renwick
Contents
List of Tables and Figure viii
Acknowledgements ix
List of Abbreviations X
1 Japan's Alliance Politics 1
The Alliance Problem I
The Alliance and Defence Production 5
2 Japan's Secondary Alliance Dilemma 8
3 Japan's Self-Defence Forces and the Alliance 32
Post-War Origins of the JSDF 32
Justifying the JSDF 33
Japanese Political Rivalries 63
The JSDF at the Crossroads 65
4 'Defence Inc.'? 67
Historical Development 68
Japan's Contemporary Arms Industry 70
The Next Step 83
5 Alliance Techno-Nationalism 85
Japan's Defence Technology 88
The Alliance and Techno-Nationalism 92
6 Japan's Alliance after the Cold War 105
Alliance National Interests and Tensions 106
Ending the Alliance? 139
Towards Stable Peace 141
Notes and References 152
Index 162
vii
List of Tables and Figure
Tables
4.1 Japan's defence budget, 1955-93 74
4.2 Japan's arms production, employment and procurement,
1982-90 75
4.3 Defence production in Japan, 1990 76
4.4 Japan's top 20 defence contractors, 1991 77
4.5 Comparative defence sales/total sales ratios for major
defence contractors, 1991 78
5.1 Japan's defence R&D in international comparison, 1992 89
5.2 DSB list of Japanese dual-use technologies, 1984 96
6.1 Comparative defence profiles in Northeast Asia, 1992-93 113
6.2 US defence budgets, 1988-94 117
6.3 The evolving US force structure 121
6.4 JDA five-year defence programme, 1991-95 and Revision 125
6.5 Opinion polling: US-Japan relations 130
6.6 House of Representatives election, 18 July 1993 132
Figure
6.1 International trade flows, 1991 149
viii
Acknowledgements
The extensive research involved in this study could not have been
undertaken without the financial support of the Australian Academies
of Humanities and Social Sciences Program to Foster Australia-Japan
Relations in the Humanities and Social Sciences and from the Univer
sity College of the Northern Territory. The Northern Territory Univer
sity was generous in granting sabbatical leave to undertake this study.
I am particularly indebted to Ambassador Rawdon Dalrymple for
his continued support and friendship during the years of research for
this study. Again, I owe a great deal to Professor Arthur Stockwin at
the Nissan Institute of Japanese Studies, University of Oxford for his
assistance and guidance throughout. My tenure as a Senior Associate
Member in the lively and engaging atmosphere of St Antony's Col
lege was especially helpful in the development of this study. Simi
larly, the Fellows and students of Pembroke College provided a happy
academic home, and without the friendship, patience and support of
Vernon and Glynne Butt this book is unlikely to have been concluded
successfully. My gratitude is also due to John Welfield for his support
and advice during the embryonic stages of this work and to Ron Morse
for his thoughtful suggestions.
In the course of extensive research, a large number of personal debts
accrue. In a study of this nature, many contributed on the basis of
non-attribution. To those who necessarily remain anonymous, I extend
my gratitude for their often candid comments. Fortunately, there are
those whose contribution I am able to acknowledge. These include Pro
fessor Nishihara Masashi of the National Defense Academy, Ryozo
Tsutsui, Director of the Technical Research and Development Insti
tute, Akihito Kuno and Sasaki Michio of Keidanren, Anzei Yoichi of
the Keizei Koho Centre, Dr Michael Chinworth, Dr Ellen Frost (United
Technologies), Dr Ron Morse (Wilson Centre); Dr Karl Jackson, Larry
Niksch (CRS), Dr Aurelia George and Dr David Morris.
My thanks to all who assisted in the development and production of
this book. Such errors that may be ascribed to this work are, obvi
ously enough, attributable solely to the deficiencies of its author.
NEIL RENWICK
ix
