Japanese Foreign Policy: The Emerging Logic of Multilateralism

234 Pages·1999·0.594 MB·English

by  Akiko Fukushima (auth.)

Japanese Foreign Policy
The Emerging Logic of Multilateralism
Akiko Fukushima
JAPANESE FOREIGN POLICY
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Japanese Foreign Policy
The Emerging Logic of Multilateralism
Akiko Fukushima
Senior Researcher
National Institute for Research Advancement
Tokyo
First published in Great Britain 1999 by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London
Companies and representatives throughout the world
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-1-349-40875-7 ISBN 978-1-4039-1592-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9781403915924
First published in the United States of America 1999 by
ST. MARTIN’S PRESS, INC.,
Scholarly and Reference Division,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010
ISBN 0–312–21699–8
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Fukushima, Akiko.
Japanese foreign policy : the emerging logic of
multilateralism / Akiko Fukushima.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0–312–21699–8 (cloth)
1. Japan—Foreign relations—20th century. 2. World
politics—20th century. I. Title.
DS885.48.F85 1998
327.1'7—dc21 98–29199
CIP
©Akiko Fukushima 1999
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1999 978-0-333-73654-8
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made
without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with
written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by
the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 9HE.
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to
criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance
with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and
sustained forest sources.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 99
To all who have advised, encouraged and
supported me, including my parents
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Contents
List of Tables and Figures viii
List of Abbreviations x
Acknowledgements xii
Preface xiii
1 Introduction 1
2 What is Multilateralism? 8
3 Case Studies of the United Nations 21
3.1 The United States and the United Nations 21
3.2 Canada and the United Nations 45
3.3 Japan and the United Nations 54
4 A Logic of Multilateralism in International Security 107
4.1 Common Security 107
4.2 Comprehensive Security 108
4.3 Cooperative Security 111
5 An Emerging Logic of Multilateralism in the
Asia–Pacific 130
5.1 The Cold War Asia–Pacific Devoid of Regional
Institutions 130
5.2 An Emerging Logic of Multilateralism in the
Asia–Pacific 133
6 From Free Rider to Navigator 160
6.1 Multilateralism in Japanese Modern History 160
6.2 From Free Rider to Navigator 169
Notes and References 179
Bibliography 200
Index 215
vii
List of Tables and Figures
TABLES
Table 3.1 Is the United Nations Doing a Good Job or a
Poor Job in Trying to Solve the Problems it has
to Face? 43
Table 3.2 Whether the US should Retain its Membership
in the UN (Gallup) 44
Table 3.3 Considering the Problems we are likely to Face
in the Coming Years, how Important is it for
America to be an Active Member of the
United Nations? 44
Table 3.4 Japanese Participation in UN Missions in
Election Monitoring 66
Table 3.5 Japanese Participation in International
Peacekeeping Operations under the
International Peace Cooperation Law 74
Table 3.6 Ratio between Members of the United Nations
and Members in the Security Council 90
Table 3.7 Geographical Distribution of the Security
Council Seats 90
Table 3.8 Assessed Contribution of the Security Council’s
P–5 Members 93
Table 3.9 Assessed Contribution of Regular and PKO
Budget in 1995, 1997, and 2000 93
Table 3.10 Non-Permanent Members of the Security
Council 95
Table 3.11 Priority Areas of UN Activities 101
Table 3.12 A Permanent Seat on the UN Security Council 102
Table 3.13 Reasons Why Respondents Favoured a
Permanent Seat on the UN Security Council
for Japan in Table 3.12 102
Table 3.14 Reasons Why Respondents Opposed a
Permanent Seat on the UN Security Council
for Japan in Table 3.12 103
Table 4.1 Definitions of Cooperative Security 123
Table 4.2 Conceptual Clarification of International
Security Approaches 124
viii
List of Tables and Figures ix
FIGURES
Figure 4.1 Multilateral Security Institutions in Europe 117
Figure 4.2 Typology of Security Arrangements 125
Figure 5.1 An Emerging Logic of Multilateralism in the
Asia–Pacific 151
Figure 5.2 Examples of Security Dialogues in the
Asia–Pacific 158