Japan: A Documentary History: The Dawn of History to the Late Tokugawa Period

335 Pages·1996·16.016 MB·English

by  David John Lu

JAPAN
A Documentary History
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JAPAN
A DocumentaryH istory
Volume I
The Dawn of History
to the Late TokugawaP eriod
David]. Lu
An EastG ateB ook
Routledge
Taylor & Francis Group
LONDON AND NEW YORK
An EastG ateB ook
First published2 005 byM .E. Sharpe
Published2 015 by Routledge
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Routledgeis an imprint oft he Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Copyright © 2005 by David J. Lu. All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reprintedo r reproducedo r
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Notices
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personso r propertya s a mattero f productsl iability, negligenceo r otherwise,
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containedi n the material herein.
Practitionersa nd researchersm usta lwaysr ely on their own experiencea nd
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Library of CongressC ataloging-in-PublicationD ata
Japan:a documentaryh istory I Vol. 1: The Dawn of History to the
Late TokugawaP eriodI edited by David J. Lu.
p. cm.
"An EastG ateb ook."
Includesb ibliographical referencesa nd index.
ISBN 1-56324-907-3( pbk. : alk paper)
I. Japan-History. I. Lu, David John, 1928-.
DS835.J37 1996
952-dc20
96-24433
CIP
ISBN 13: 9781563249075(p bk)
To
Kevin, Brian, Annamaria,O livia, Naomi, and anotherl ittle oneo n her way
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Contents
Japan: A DocumentaryH istory is being published simultaneouslyi n one clothbound
edition, which includest he completet ext, and two paperbacke ditions: Vol. I: The Dawn
ofH istory to the Late TokugawaP eriod, and Vol. II: The Late TokugawaP eriod to the
Present.T he completet able of contentsa nd the completei ndex appeari n all three,and
the paginationo f the paperbacksis sequential.
Preface xi
Note on Japanesaen d ChineseN amesa nd Tenns xv
I. Dawn of JapaneseH istory 3
Powerc ontestb etweenS unG oddessa nd Susano-oC; omingo f
agei n ancientJ apan;E mperorJ immu'sc onquesot f the East;
Japani n the Wei dynastich istory; The legendo f Prince
Yamototakeru;E arly Shintor ituals from the Engishiki
II. The Impact of ChineseC ivilization 21
The regencyo f PrinceS hotolru; The Taika refonns;L aw and ad-
ministrationu ndert he Taiho-YOrO code; History as a meanso f
solidifying the imperial power; Songso f myriad leaves;B ud-
dhism as protectoro f the nation
III. The Early HeianP eriod 51
The lotus of the wonderful law; Kokai's view of the superiority
of Buddhism;E nnin'ss earchf or the law; Confucianv iew of
Buddhism;F ixation with China; Life of the nobility; Taleso f
the commonm an
vii
viii
IV. Rise of FeudalI nstitutions 81
Public vs. privateo wnershipo f land; Growth of shoen;O rgani-
zationo f shoen;R ise of the warrior class;R ule by the
KamakuraS hogunate
V. KamakuraB uddhism 117
Salvationt hroughn embutsu;H onena nd the founding of the
Jodos ect; Shinrana nd dependenceo n Amida'sp ure grace;
Dogena nd the meaningo f Zen; Lotus, Buddha,a nd nationalism
VI. The Developmenot f FeudalI nstitutionst hrought he
MuromachiP eriod 147
Jito'se ncroachmenutp on shoen;T okusei--forgivingo f debts;
Criticism ofKemmuR estoration;A shikagaT akauji'sr ise to
power; Shugoa s domaniallords;A gricultural developmenat nd
village community; Rise of a moneye conomy;D evelopmenot f
ichi and za; The Soryo systema ndp rimogeniture
VII. From Civil Wars to Unification 171
Denial of traditional authority; Sengokud aimyo as domanial
lords; OdaN obunaga'sro ad towardu nification; Unification by
Toyotomi Hideyoshi;J apan'sC hristianc entury
VIII. Tokugawa:E ra of Peace 203
-
Control of vassals;M ethodso frural control; Control of the
urbana reas;C ontrol of Buddhistt emples;C losing of the coun-
try; Growth of commerce;M anagingt he economy;C ommerce
as a calling
IX. IntellectualC urrentsi n TokugawaJ apan 243
Variety of TokugawaC onfucianism;C onfucianisma ndp oliti-
cal action; Confucianj ustice; Educationo f the young; Death
and a samurai;K nowledgeo f the West; National learninga nd
Shinto revival
X. The End of the TokugawaR ule 273
Decayo f the Tokugawas ystem;D ebateso ver the openingo f
Japan;T he Harris Treaty of 1858; The successiond isputes;
Towardr estoration
ix
XI. Early Meiji Political Development 305
Foundationo f early Meiji government;C entralizationa nd
statep ower; The Iwakura missiona nd rejectiono f Seikanron;
Political equalitya nd people'sr ights; Constitutioni n the
making; Rescripto n Education
XII. Social and EconomicD evelopmenitn the Meiji Era 345
Japanesee nlightenmenat nd sayingg ood-byet o Asia; Meiji
entrepreneursC; hristianity and the nonchurchm ovement;
Socialis~hristianity
andM arxism
XIII. TaishoD emocracy 375
Yoshino Sakuzo'sm inpon shugi; The twenty-oned emands;
Rice riots and emergenceo fHaraC abinet;L abor movement;
Universals uffragea nd peacep reservationla ws; Liberationo f
women; Elite and social consciousnessE; arly Marxist move-
ment; Nishida philosophy
XIV. Rise of Ultranationalisma nd the Pacific War 409
Agitation for military Fascism;C hinaa nd GreaterE astA sia;
The Axis alliance; Decisionf or war; Doctrinal basisf or the
war; Imperial Rule AssistanceA ssociation;S tudentsin war;
Life in wartime Tokyo; Decisiont o surrender
XV. Japanu nderO ccupation 459
Basic occupationp olicy; New roles for the Emperor;T he
ShOwac onstitution;S ocial and educationr eforms;L and
reform; Toward economicr ecovery;E nd of the American
occupation
XVI. Politics and Problemso f Security 505
The 1955 system;A conservativev iewpoint; Securityt reaty
crisis of 1960
XVII. Emergenceo f an EconomicS uperpower 525
Planf or doubling individual income; Shinkansen--birtho f
the bullet train; Managinga company;J apaneswe orkers;
Administrativer eform; The Plazaa ccord;T he JapanT hat Can
Say No