iv cern accelerator school applied geodesy for particle accelerators

414 Pages·2010·7.01 MB·French

CERN 87-01
9 February 1987
ORGANISATION EUROPÉENNE POUR LA RECHERCHE NUCLÉAIRE
CERN
EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH
IV CERN ACCELERATOR SCHOOL
APPLIED GEODESY FOR PARTICLE ACCELERATORS
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
14-18 April, 1986
PROCEEDINGS
Editor: S. Turner
GENEVA
1987
© Copyright CERN, Genève, 1987
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- Ill -
ABSTRACT
This specialized course addresses the many topics involved in the application of geodesy to
large particle accelerators, though many of the techniques described are equally applicable to large
construction projects and surveillance systems where the highest possible surveying accuracies are
required. The course reflects the considerable experience gained over many years, not only at ŒRN
but in projects all over the world. The methods described range from the latest approach using
satellites to recent developments in conventional techniques. They include the global positioning
system (GPS), its development, deployment and precision, the use of the Terrameter and the combina
tion or comparison of its results with those of the GPS, the automation of instruments, the manage
ment of measurements and data, and the highly evolved treatment of the observations.
- IV -
COURSE ON APPLIED GEODESY FOR PARTICLE ACCELERATORS, CERN, 14TH-18TH APRIL, 1986
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
Time 14th April 15th April 16th April 17th April 18th April
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) HIGH PRECISION GEODESY FOR PARTICLE ACCELERATORS
08.30
REGISTRATION
09.00 9.00
09.15 The LEP High Precision Computer-aided On continuous the­
Opening Address Trilateration Net­ Geodesy at CERN Geodesy for LEP ory for Geodetic
work Terrameter Installation (I) Networks - K. Borre'
A. Allan J. Gervaise J. Gervaise W. Coosemans 9.45
J. Olsfors E. Wilson M. Hublin New Trends in Ma­
10.00 thematical Geodesy
C O F F EE H. Moritz
10.30 -10.30
GPS Development Deviation of the Gyroscope Computer-aided C O F F EE
and Deployment Vertical Technology Geodesy for LEP -LI. 00
Status and Trends Installation (II) SEMINAR
S. Baker B. Burki M. Mayoud future
W. Gurtner W. Caspary J.P. Quesnel Accelerators
11.30 K. Johnsen
GPS Receiver Comparison between Underground Geodesy Experiments -11.45
Technology Terrameter and GPS for LEP Metrology CLOSING ADDRESS
Results Challenge of the
C. Boucher C. Beutler M. Mayoud C. LaSseur Future for Geodesy
J. Gervaise
12.30 -12.30
L U N CH
14.00
Precise Relative Geodetic Network
Positioning with for Crustal
GPS SEMINAR Movement Studies
V.L.B.I. P. Baldi
C. Goad M. Unguendoli
15.00 J. Campbell VISIT
GPS Orbit Tridimensional Ad­
Corrections and CERN Geodesy justment in a Local
Refinements Installation Reference System
15.30 C. Beutler J. Iliffe
T EA M. Mayoud
16.00
T EA T EA
16.30
Accuracy Problems DISCUSSION Déformât i on
when Combining Analysis
Satellite & Terres­
17.00 trial Observations H. Pelzer
W. Welsch
17.30
WELCOME COCKTAIL Inverse Regional
Reference Space
M. Dufour
18.15 18.15
19.00
19.30 19.30
BANQUET
y -
CEEN ACCELERATOR SCHOOL
APPLIED GEODESY
Fm ^ARTICLE ACCELERATORS
>rill986at€ERN
CH-1211 GéfeeKa 23»'Switzerland
Global Positioning SySttj» (GPS), Experiments Metrology , -
Development and IDtpièfmem Tridimensional Adjustment in a LocaJ Reference
GPS Receiver Technology
System
Precise Relative Positioning with GI
. Defamation Analysis using Datum Invariant
OPS Orbit, Corrections and Refinements
Geodetic Elements
Accuracy Problems when Combining Terrestrial
Discontinuous Theory for Geodetic Networks
and Satellite Observations
New Trends in Mathematical Geodesy
The LEP Trilateral»» Network Measured
withaTerameter Seminars:
Deviation of the Vertical Very-long Base Interférâmes" ry
Comparison between Terrameter and QPS Results Future Accelerators
High-precision Geodesy at CE1N Challenge of the Future for Geodesy
Gyroscope Technology, Status and Trends
Underground Geodesy for LEP Visit:
Computer-aided Geodesy for LEP Installation CfHRN Geodesy Installation
Participant» should have a basic knowledge of geodesy. Persons wishing so «tend this coure can obtain
further information and application forms from theCt-.RN Accelerator School, Mrs. S. von Wartburtt, f.KP
Division, CM 1211 Gtneva 23. Application forms must be returned no later Shan 10 February 1986. A
regislrstton fee of SFt 200.— will be charged. Ail participants will receive a copy of the proceedings. The
number of ptrskipans* is iimited to IS). The ChRN Accelerator School Secretary, Mrs. S. von Warlburg will
be pleated so help participants find accommodation in or near so CT.RN and a courtesy hits service will he
provided so serve seiecsed, nearby hotels.
M««» of &*«!; P.J, Brymti Organizing Committtt; J. Gervgise, P.J. Bryant, M. Mayoud, S, Turner,
'S, von Wtittarg, 5, àemqmt.
- vu -
FOREWORD
The CERN Accelerator School (CAS) was founded in 1983 to preserve and disseminate the knowledge
accumulated at CERN and elsewhere on particle accelerators and storage rings of all kinds. Subse­
quently, a biennial programme of basic and advanced courses on general accelerator physics was set
up. This is supplemented by specialized and topical courses, and workshops which are arranged as the
needs arise. The present proceedings on "Applied Geodesy for Particle Accelerators" is the latest in
the series of specialized courses.
Since the 1920's the positioning of particle accelerator components has evolved from a bench-top
problem to one involving tunnels of tens of kilometres in extent while still maintaining sub-milli-
metric accuracies. Recent machines have required this accuracy to be transmitted from the surface
into deep underground tunnels, while for future machines the trend towards particle beams of micron
or sub-micron dimensions will impose even stricter alignment and stability conditions with overall
dimensions still of the order of many kilometres. These proceedings describe the current methods for
achieving the highest accuracies, notably with the Navstar Global Positioning System and the Terra-
meter, taking into account the ellipsoid and local geoid. Also described is the automation of such
instruments as the gyroscope and Distinvar and the highly evolved treatment of all the observations
necessary in order to accurately locate the many thousands of components in a modern accelerator.
The geodesy course and the publication of its proceedings would not have been possible without
the generous support of many people. On behalf of the CAS we thank the CERN Directorate for their
sustained help and encouragement. In particular, we thank J. Gervaise, the (now retired) Head of
CERN's Applied Geodesy Group for proposing this course and for his tireless efforts to make it a
success. The lecturers also deserve special appreciation for so freely giving their time and effort
to prepare the lectures and their chapters in the proceedings. The contributions of the personnel in
the different CERN services who assisted in the smooth running of the course and the publication of
these proceedings are too numerous to mention individually but are gratefully acknowledged. Finally,
we are indebted to the participants in the course whose presence made it worthwhile.
P.J. Bryant, Head of CAS
S. Turner, Editor
- IX -
CONTENTS
Page No.
Addresses and Speech
J. Gervaise 1
Welcoming address
A.L. ALLAN
Opening address - The People of Geodesy 2
E. Picasso
After Dinner Speech 13
J. Gervaise
Closing Address - Challenge of the Future for Geodesy 16
Lectures
L.S. Baker
GPS Its development and deployment 24
Development 24
Geodetic receivers 25
Deployment 26
Sunmary 30
C. Boucher
GPS receiver technology 31
The GPS system concept 31
The NAVSTAR space segment 31
Measurement techniques 32
Error budget and measurement modelling 33
Review of existing receivers 33
Conclusion 35
C.C. Goad
Precise positioning with the GPS 36
Introduction 36
The phase observable 37
Data problems 42
Single site cycle fixing 43
Filtering techniques 44
Application to dynamic problems 48
Unmodelled errors 48
G. Beutler
GPS orbit determination using the double difference phase observable 50
Introduction 50
Precision requirements 51
Principles of orbit determination 53
Applications 57
W.M. Welseh
Accuracy problems when combining terrestrial and satellite observations 66
Introduction 66
The accuracy of satellite aided network observations 67
The accuracy of terrestrial network observation results 67
Comparison of satellite and terrestrial observation results 68
The combination of terrestrial and satellite aided network observations 69
- the functional model 69
- the stochastic model 71
- results 73
Changes in positions and heights due to the network combination 75
Conclusions 76
Appendix A - S-transformation 77
Appendix B - Variance component estimation 79
Appendix C - The Inn valley network 82
J. Gervaise and J. Olsfors
The LEP trilateration network 85
Introduction 85
Principle of measurement with instruments using two different wavelengths 87
in the visible spectrum
LDM 2 terrameter (Terratechnology Corporation) 90
Measurement of the LEP geodetic network with the terrameter 94
Conclusion 103
W. Gartner and B. Biirki
Deviation of the vertical 105
Introduction 105
The gravity field of the earth 105
Some examples 110
Determination of (Ç,TI), Aq> N 112
Applications on the CERN-LEP control network 115
G. Beutler
Comparison between terrameter and GPS results - and how to get there 119
Measuring engineering type networks 119
The 1984 CERN macrometer campaign 122
The 1985 CERN SERCEL campaign ' 125
J. Gervaise and E.J.N. Wilson
High precision geodesy applied to CERN accelerators 128
Introduction 128
Transverse coordinates 130
Bending magnets and magnetic rigidity 132
Quadrupole magnets and focusing 134
The gutter analogy of focusing 135
Alternating gradient focusing 137
The equation of motion 138
Floquet coordinates 139
Orbit distortion from one kick 140
Sources of closed orbit distortion 142
Fourier analysis of orbit distortion 143
Local orbit correction 145
CERN proton synchrotron (CPS) (1954-1959) 146
Intersecting storage ring (ISR) (1966-1971) 153
Super proton synchrotron (SPS) (1971-1976) 154
Instrumentation 158
Length measurement devices 159
Offset measurement devices 161
Conclusion 163
- xi -
W.F. Caspavy
Qyroscope technology, status and trends 166
Introduction 166
Historical background 167
The free gyroscope 168
The suspended gyrocompass 169
Equations of motion 171
Observation methods 172
Automated observation 174
Calculation of the azimuth 176
Accuracy considerations 177
Non-conventional gyroscopes 179
Conclusion 181
J.-C. Fischer, M. Hayotte, M. Mayoud, G. Trouahe
underground geodesy 183
Introduction 183
Link between surface and underground geodesy 185
Guiding control with gyro traverse 187
Transverse geometrical controls of underground works 198
Conclusion 207
M. Rublin
Computer aided geodesy for LEP installation 209
Part I: The installation procedure 209
Introduction: some information from the survey point of view 209
LEP, what does it imply for us? 209
The installation procedure 210
Conclusion 218
W. Coosemans
Computer aided geodesy for LEP installation 219
Part II: Instrumentation 219
Introduction 219
Instruments 220
Terminals and field computers 222
The office computer 223
CERN computer centre 224
M. Mayoud
Applied metrology for LEP 233
Part I: Computing and analysis methods 233
Introduction 233
Theoretical positioning of LEP 234
Adjustment of observations 240
Expected results for LEP metrology 243
J. -P. Quesnel
Applied metrology for LEP 248
Part II: Data logging and management of geodetic measurements with a database 248
Introduction 248
Data architecture 248
Using the database 251
Conclusion 254
- Xll -
C. Lasseur
Metrology for experiments 255
Introduction 255
How experiments are carried out at CERN 258
The surveyor's role 259
Surveying procedure 261
Means available in the field for the surveying of large physics experiments 270
Computer processing 274
Specific features for the LEP experiments 278
Conclusion 279
P. Balai and M. Unguendoli
Geodetic networks for crustal movements studies 280
Introduction 280
Some examples of ground deformations 281
Geodetic measurements 287
Conclusions 303
J. Iliffe
three-dimensional adjustments in a local reference system 307
Introduction 307
The geodesy of LEP 308
The observations 313
The normal equations 316
The input procedure 318
Relative errors 321
The results obtained 323
H. Pelzer
Deformation analysis*)
H.M. Dufoux-
Inverse regional reference systems: a possible synthesis between 328
three- and two-dimensional geodesy
The historical perspective of the problem 328
Two-dimensional problems on the sphere 332
Exploitation of the stereo representation of the sphere 332
Two-dimensional problems on the ellipsoid 334
Three-dimensional problems on the sphere 334
General spatial problems 336
Regional inverses of the ellipsoid (E) 337
Three-dimensional corrections 339
Possible uses 340
Conclusion 342
K. Borre
On continuous theory for geodetic networks 344
Introduction 344
Systematic analysis of CERN-like networks 347
Conclusion 354
Appendix - Covariance matrices/functions for various 1-D geodetic problems 355
*) Contribution not received