IUTAM Symposium on Mechanics and Reliability of Actuating Materials: Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium held in Beijing, China, 1-3 September, 2004 (Solid Mechanics and Its Applications)

327 Pages·2006·8.81 MB·English

by  W. Yang

IUTAM Symposium on Mechanics and Reliability of Actuating Materials
SOLID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Volume 127
Series Editor: G.M.L. GLADWELL
Department of Civil Engineering
University of Waterloo
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L3GI
Aims and Scope of the Series
The fundamental questions arising in mechanics are: Why?, How?, andHow much?
The aim of this series is to provide lucid accounts written by authoritative researchers
giving vision and insight in answering these questions on the subject of mechanics as it
relates to solids.
The scope of the series covers the entire spectrum of solid mechanics. Thus it includes
the foundation of mechanics; variational formulations; computational mechanics;
statics, kinematics and dynamics of rigid and elastic bodies: vibrations of solids and
structures; dynamical systems and chaos; the theories of elasticity, plasticity and
viscoelasticity; composite materials; rods, beams, shells and membranes; structural
control and stability; soils, rocks and geomechanics; fracture; tribology; experimental
mechanics; biomechanics and machine design.
The median level of presentation is the first year graduate student. Some texts are
monographs defining the current state of the field; others are accessible to final year
undergraduates; but essentially the emphasis is on readability and clarity.
For a list of related mechanics titles, see final pages.
IUTAM Symposium on
Mechanics and Reliability
of Actuating Materials
Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium held in Beijing, China,
1-3 September, 2004
Edited by
W. YANG
Tsinghua University, Beijing,
China
AC.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-10 1-4020-4130-6 (HB)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4130-3 (HB)
ISBN-10 1-4020-4131-4 (e-book)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-4131-0 (e-book)
Published by Springer,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands.
www.springer.com
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 2006 Springer
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
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or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception
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and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
Printed in the Netherlands.
CONTENTS
Preface ix
Committees and Sponsors xi
List of Participants xii
Session Programs xv
Ferroelectrics 1
A switching rule for local domain wall motions and for macroscopic material
response of ferroelectrics
H. Kessler, P. Bürmann and H. Balke 3
The effects of sieving method and poling approach on the internal bias field in
donor doped PZT ceramics
D.N. Fang and F.X. Li 15
Interaction between defects and domain walls in piezoelectric materials
D. Gross and R. Mueller 22
In-situ observation of electrically induced fatigue crack growth for ferroelectric
single crystals
F. Fang, W. Yang , F.C. Zhang and H.S. Luo 32
Crack initiation and crack propagation under cyclic electric loading in PZT
I. Westram, D.C. Lupascu and J. Rödel 40
Multiaxial behavior of ferroelectric ceramic PZT53
Q. Wan, C.Q. Chen and Y.P. Shen 49
Stability analysis of 180º domains in ferroelectric thin films
B. Wang, C. H. Woo and Y. Zheng 57
Stress analysis in two dimensional electrostrictive material under general loading
Z.B. Kuang and Q. Jiang 68
Piezoelectrics 85
Effect of electric fields on fracture of functionally graded piezoelectric materials
N. Noda and C.F. Gao 87
The charge-free zone model for conductive cracks in dielectric and piezoelectric
ceramics
T.Y. Zhang 96
v
vi
Electric potential drop across a crack in piezoelectrics
Y.H. Chen and Z.C. Ou 107
Elastic Sv-wave scattering by an interface crack between a piezoelectric layer and
an elastic substrate
B. Gu, S.W. Yu and X.Q. Feng 112
A micro-macro approach to design active piezoelectric fiber composites
H. Berger, S. Kari, N. Bohn, R. Rodriguez and U. Gabbert 121
FEM-techniques for thermo-electro-mechanical crack analyses in smart structures
M. Kuna 131
Trefftz plane element of piezoelectric plate with p-extension capabilities
Q.H. Qin 144
On piezoelectric actuator layers in plates and shells at large deflections
S. Lentzen and R. Schmidt 154
Electric charge loading of a piezoelectric solid cylinder
Y. Chen and R.K.N.D. Rajapakse 164
Oblique propagation of time harmonic waves in periodic piezoelectric composite
layered structures
M. Urago, F. Jin, Y. Mochimaru and K. Kishimoto 175
Scattering behaviour of elastic waves in 1-3 piezoelectric ceramics/polymer
composites
F. Jin, K. Kishimoto, Z. Qian and Z. Wang 185
Stress Analysis for an Anisotropic Solid with Variable Off-Axis of Anisotropy
K. Watanabe 194
Shape Memory Alloys 205
Deformation instability and pattern formation in superelastic shape memory alloy
microtubes
Q. P. Sun and P. Feng 207
Theoretical consideration on the fracture of shape memory alloys
W.Y. Yan and Y.W. Mai 217
vii
3D finite element simulation for shape memory alloys
L.H. Han and T.J. Lu 227
Magnetostrictive Materials and Actuating Structures 237
Constitutive Models for Magnetostrictive Materials
X.J. Zheng and X.E. Liu 239
Vibration analysis of a nonlinear magnetostrictive actuator
Z. Zhong and Y.P. Wan 253
Test study of the feed-support system for a large radio telescope
G.X. Ren, W.B. Zhu, H. Zhang, L.C. Zhu and Q.H. Lu 261
Biological Actuating Materials 271
Biofilm growth: perspectives on two-phase mixture flow and fingerings formation
S. Hao, B. Moran and D. Chopp 273
Damage and fatigue of actuating heart muscles
X.M. Zhang, F. Yang, N.K. Ma, Y. Zhao and W. Yang 291
Author Index 309
Preface
Actuating materials hold a promise for fast-spreading applications in smart
structures and active control systems, and have attracted extensive attention from
scientists of both mechanics and materials sciences communities. High performance
and stability of actuating materials and structures play a decisive role in their
successive applications as sensors and actuators in structural control and robotics.
The advances of actuating materials, however, recently encountered a severe
reliability issue. For a better understanding toward this issue, scientific efforts are
of paramount significance to gain a deep insight into the intricate deformation and
failure behaviors of actuating materials. To examine the state of the art in this
subject, the general assembly of IUTAM approved in August, 2002 at Cambridge
University, UK, a proposal to hold an IUTAM symposium to summarize the
relevant research findings. The main themes of the symposium are: (i) the
constitutive relations of actuating materials that couple mechanical, electrical,
thermal and magnetic properties, as well as incorporate phase transformation and
domain switch; (ii) the physical mechanisms of deformation, damage, and fatigue
crack growth of actuating materials; (iii) the development of failure-resilient
approaches that base on the macro-, meso-, and micro-mechanics analyses; (iv) the
investigation of microstructural evolution, stability of phase transformation, and
size effects of ferroelectric ceramics, shape memory alloys, actuating polymers, and
bio-actuating materials. The above problems represent an exciting challenge and
form a research thrust of both materials science and solid mechanics.
The IUTAM Symposium (GA.02-14) “Mechanics and Reliability of Actuating
Materials” was held successfully on September 1-3, 2004 at Tsinghua University,
Beijing, China. The Scientific Committee was appointed by the IUTAM Bureau.
All the participants are recommended by the members of the Scientific Committee.
The main aim of this symposium is to assemble top scientists working in the
actuating materials to exchange their scientific results and ideas and thereby to
further their collaboration in the coming years. There were total of 35 invited
participants throughout the globe plus about 20 graduate students and postdocs
from China to attend the symposium. The geographic distributions of the
participants are: Australia (2), Canada (1), China mainland (15), Germany (7),
Hong Kong, China (2), Japan (5), UK (2) and USA (1). The full list of the
participants is appended in the list of participants. A website is established for the
symposium. The conference venue is located at the Lecture Hall of Department of
Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University. The full program of the symposium
is also included in this proceeding. To follow the tradition of IUTAM Symposia,
this symposium was conducted in only one session. Each speaker is allocated a time
slot of 30 minutes (including the discussion). A total of 30 presentations were given
during the symposium. Good discussions (three to five questions per each
ix
x
presentation) were conducted. The presentations addressed various parts of
mechanics and reliability of actuating materials, and most of them are quite focused.
Future collaborations between the participants were discussed. Part of the traveling
expanses of the Germany participants is supported by the Sino-Germany research
collaboration programs. Possible extension and expansion of the research
collaboration in this subject were addressed.
The symposium records the following scientific progresses in the topical area:
1. Various novel methods to measure domain switching zone are proposed.
Interrelation between fracture and fatigue with domain switching is confirmed
experimentally.
2. The importance of discharge and electric boundary condition is recognized
through experiment and theory. An interesting model of charge free zone
(CFZ), similar to dislocation free zone for the mechanical case, drawn large
attention of the participants.
3. Interaction between domain switching and defect agglomeration is emphasized,
the framework of configurational forces and microstructural evolution is under
rapid development.
4. Multi-scale constitutive modeling of piezo/ferro/magneto-electric materials
gains headways, as addressed through several presentations from different
aspects.
5. Numerical schemes for actuating materials are near to the verge of commercial
development.
6. Optimal design to maximize the performance of actuating materials in smart
structures is now on the application agenda, and several ways to accomplish
this goal is proposed.
7. Actuating of piezoelectric cylinders, a typical configuration in MEMS, is
analyzed in detail.
8. Various approaches on the dynamics and non-destructive detection of
actuating materials are explored.
9. Multi-axes testing schemes of ferroelectric ceramics and single crystals are put
forward .
10. The new phenomenon of transformation spirals in nano-grained microtubes is
verified by both experiments and numerical simulation.
11. Accumulated experimental data and theoretical framework for biologically
actuating materials (such as hearts) and bio-films suggest a new research thrust
of actuating materials.
Wei YANG
Professor and Symposium Chair