Italian Foreign Policy, 1870-1940

491 Pages·2001·10.068 MB·English

by  C.J. Lowe, F. Marzari

Foreign Policies of the Great Powers
FOREIGN POLICIES OF THE GREAT POWERS
VOLUME I
The Reluctant Imperialists I: British Foreign Policy 1878-1902
C. J. Lowe
VOLUME II
The Reluctant Imperialists II: British Foreign Policy 1878-1902, The Documents
C. J. Lowe
VOLUME III
The Mirage of Power I: British Foreign Policy 1902-14
C. J. Lowe and M. L. Dockrill
VOLUME IV
The Mirage of Power II: British Foreign Policy 1914-22
C. J. Lowe and M. L. Dockrill
VOLUME V
The Mirage of Power III: 1902-22, The Documents
C. J. Lowe and M. L. Dockrill
VOLUME VI
From Sadowa to Sarajevo: The Foreign Policy of Austria-Hungary, 1866-1914
F. R. Bridge
VOLUME VII
The Foreign Policy of France from 1914 to 1945
J. Nere
VOLUME VIII
Italian Foreign Policy 1870-1940
C. J. Lowe and F. Marzari
VOLUME IX
German Foreign Policy 1871-1914
Imanuel Geiss
VOLUME X
From Nationalism to Internationalism: US Foreign Policy to 1914
Akira Iriye
VOLUME XI
Japanese Foreign Policy, 1869-1942: Kasumigaseki to Miyakezaka
Ian Nish
Foreign Policies of the
Great Powers
Volume VIII
Italian Foreign Policy 1870-1940
C. J. Lowe and F. Marzari
Fran^
London and New York
First published 1975 by Routledge
Reprinted 2002 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, 0X14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Ave, New York NY 10016
First issued in paperback 2010
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
© Cedric Lowe and the estate of Frank Mazari 1975
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,
or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested.
ISBN 978-0-415-27372-5 (hbk) (Volume 8)
ISBN 978-0-415-60621-9 (pbk) (Volume 8)
ISBN 978-0-415-26597-3 (set)
Publisher's Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this
reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original book
may be apparent.
Italian
Foreign Policy
1 8 7 0 - 1 9 40
C. J. Lowe
Professor of History,
University of Alberta
and
F. Marzari
lMte Professor of Strategic Studies,
University of British Columbia
Routledge & Kegan Paul
London and Boston

Contents
Acknowledgments page ix
Abbreviations xi
Parti
I The Sixth Wheel 3
2 From Independence to Alliance 13
3 Mancini, Robilant and the Mediterranean, 1882-7 28
The Egyptian Crisis 28
Via Tripoli to Massowa 32
Massowa 35
Robilant's fortress 39
4 The Crispi Era 47
Crispi and "France 48
Crispi, Austria and the Ottoman Umpire 5i
Crispi and Africa 54
The road to Adowa 61
5 Back from Africa 69
Rudint and the settlement with France jo
The Prinetti-Barrere agreement 82
Giolitti, Tittoni and the Entente Cordiale 90
The Moroccan Crisis 93
Italy, Austria and the Balkans 96
The Bosnian Crisis 105
6 The Revival of Italian Nationalism 112
V
Contents
7 Neutrality and War, 1914-15 133
8 Italy at the Peace Conference 160
Colonial diversions 169
Nitti and D'Annun^io 172
The Treaty of Kapallo 177
Part II
9 Mussolini and the New Diplomacy 183
Mussolini9s ideas 183
The Near East 185
Reparations 191
The Corfu Incident 194
Towards Locarno zoo
10 Italo-French Relations after Locarno 211
11 The Watch on the Brenner 223
The Four Power Pact 224
The Tar dieu Plan 228
Negotiations with Austria 231
12 The Abyssinian War 240
The rise of the Africanisti 242
Wal-Wal 250
Diplomatic preparations 2 5 5
Sanctions 283
13 The Brenner Abandoned 291
Belgrade 292
The Rom-Berlin Axis 297
An opening to the West? 309
14 Munich and After 315
The loss of the initiative 315
The seizure of Albania 3 26
The Pact of Steel 331
vi
Contents
15 War, 1940 337
Avoiding the catastrophe 337
A neutral bloc? 353
Intervention 362
Documents 37i
Notes 416
Bibliography 458
Index 469
vii