Table Of ContentISSUES IN
ΙΝΠΜΑΓΕ
VIOLENCE
This book Is dedicated to my husband,
Michael Lawrence Bergen,
in gratitude for his love and support.
Raquel Kennedy Bergen
Editor
ISSUES IN
INTMATE
\iOLENCE
SAGE Publications
I International Educational and Professional Publisher
Thousand Oaks London New Delhi
Copyright © 1998 by Sage Publications, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publisher.
For information:
SAGE Publications, Inc.
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, California 91320
E-mail: [email protected]
SAGE Publications Ltd.
6 Bonhill Street
London EC2A 4PU
United Kingdom
SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd.
M-32 Market
Greater Kailash 1
New Delhi 110 048 India
Printed in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publkation Data
Main entry under title:
Issues in intimate violence / [edited by] Raquel Kennedy Bergen,
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7619-0935-4 (cloth: alk. paper). — ISBN 0-7619-0936-2
(pbk. alk. paper)
1. Violence—United States. 2. Family violence—United States.
3. Sex crimes—United States. 4. Child sexual abuse—United States.
5. Acquaintance rape-United States. 6. Abused women—United
States. 7. Abused gay men—United States. 8. Abused lesbians-
United States. 9. Abused aged—United States. I. Bergen, Raquel
Kennedy.
HN90.V5i77 1988
303.6—dc2I 97-45234
03 10 9 8 7 6 5 4
Acquiring Editor: C. Terry Hendrix
Editorial Assistant: Dale Mary Grenfell
Production Editor: Michele Lingre
Pmduction Assistant: Lynn Miyata
Typesetter/Designer: Janelle LeMaster
Indexer: Will Ragsdale
Cover Designer: Ravi Balasuriya
Contents
Intimate Violence: A Brief Introduction ix
Acknowledgments xiii
SEQION I: Child Abuse 1
1 The Youngest Victims: Violence Toward Children 5
Richard J. Gelles
2 Women and Children at Risk: A Feminist Perspective on Child Abuse 25
Evan Stark and Anne Flitcraft
Questions foi Discussion 41
SECTION II: Incest 43
3 Sexual Victimization of Children: Incest and Child Sexual Abuse 47
Kathleen Kendall-Tackett and Roberta Marshall
4 The Making of a Whore 65
Diana E. H. Russell
Questions for Discussion 77
SECTION III: Violence In Dating Relationships 79
5 Male Peer Support and Woman Abuse in Postsecondary School Courtship:
Suggestions for New Directions in Sociological Research 83
Walter S. DeKeseredy and Martin D. Schwartz
6 Violent Men or Violent Women? Whose Definition Counts? 97
Dawn H. Carrie
Questions fopDiscussion 111
SEQION IV: Violence in Gay and Lesbian Relationships 113
7 Violence and Abuse in Lesbian Relationships:
Theoretical and Empirical Issues 117
Claire M. Renzetii
8 Understanding Domestic Violence Among Gay and Bisexual Men 129
Gregory S. Merrill
Questions for Discussion 141
SEQION V: Acquaintance Rape 143
9 Facing the Facts: Date and Acquaintance Rape Are Significant
Problems for Women 147
Mary P. Koss and Sarah L. Cook
10 Fraternities and Rape on Campus 157
Patricia Yancey Martin and Robert A. Hummer
11 Arrest and Conviction Rates for Athletes Accused of Sexual Assault 169
Jeffrey Benedict and Alan Klein
Questions for Discussion
SECTION VI: Wife Abuse 177
12 Why Do Men Batter Their Wives? 181
James Ptacek
13 Old Problems and New Directions in the Study of Violence Against Women 197
Demie Kurz
14 Women's Realities: Defining Violence Against Women by Immigration,
Race, and Class 209
Shamita Das Dasgupta
Questions for Discussion 219
SEQION VII: Wife Rape 221
15 Marital Rape 225
Patricia Peacock
16 The Reality of Wife Rape: Women's Experiences of Sexual Violence in Marriage 237
Raquel Kennedy Bergen
j^u/^n^|^|igi5t:wssi!;^u 250
SECTION VIII: Elder Abuse 251
17 Violence and Violent Feelings: What Causes Them Among Family Caregivers? 255
Karl Pillemer and J. Jill Suitor
18 Abuse of African American Elders 267
Linner Ward Griffin, Oliver J. Williams, and Joyce G. Reed
284
j^u/^n^|^|igi5t:wssi!;^u
Appendix: Resource List of Organizations Concerned With Intimate Violence 285
Index 291
About the Contributors 309
Intimate Violence
A Brief Introduction
Two years ago, I began teaching a course lence that occur, not between strangers, but be
titled Violence and Victims to upper-level tween intimates. This includes not only marital
undergraduate students. The focus of this course partners but also family members and dating
was on the causes and effects of a variety of types partners. Although many of these topics have
of interpersonal violence. Students who en traditionally been covered under the heading of
rolled in this course were highly motivated and "family violence," the focus of this anthology
interested in the course material for many rea is broadened to include a wider range of vio
sons: Some had personal experiences with inti lence, such as violence in gay and lesbian rela
mate violence; some wanted to work in the fti tionships and between dating partners. These
ture with survivors of violence; and some were types of abuse historically have been neglected
just curious about the types of violence that we by family violence researchers but are clearly
constantly hear about in the media. The students worthy of attention, given their prevalence in
were generally enthusiastic about the course but this society. Thus, this anthology attempts to
felt overly challenged by some of the reading
provide a foundation for understanding a wide
material. They particularly found daunting
range of violence that commonly occurs be
some statistical analyses, theoretical arguments,
tween intimates.
and methodological debates. Thus, the idea for
this anthology was bom.
This anthology is intended to provide an in Overview of the History
troduction to the subject of intimate violence. It of Intimate Violence
is composed of 18 chapters that cover many
types of intimate violence: child abuse, incest, During the past 30 years, interest on behalf of
violence in heterosexual dating relationships, activists, researchers, practitioners, and the pub
violence in gay and lesbian relationships, ac lic in the problem of intimate violence has been
quaintance rape, wife abuse, wife rape, and elder increasing. Certainly, violence against children,
abuse. These issues are linked by the fact that intimate partners, and the elderly is not new. In
they are all serious forms of interpersonal vio deed, historical evidence suggests that violence
IX
