Table Of Content© Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at
I
ISOLATED VERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES
IN THE TROPICS
Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium
of
Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum A. Koenig,
Bonn, May 13-17, 1999
Editedby
Goetz Rheinwald
BONNER ZOOLOGISCHE MONOGRAPHIEN, Nr. 46
2000
Herausgeber:
ZOOLOGISCHES FORSCHUNGSINSTITUT
UND MUSEUM KOENIG
A.
BONN
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BONNER ZOOLOGISCHE MONOGRAPHIEN, Nr. 46, 2000
DM
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Schriftleitung/Editor: G. Rheinwald
Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig
Adenauerallee 150-164, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
Druck: jf.Carthaus, Bonn
ISBN 3-925382-50-X
ISSN 0302-671 X
© Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at
ISOLATED VERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES
IN THE TROPICS
Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium
of
Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum A. Koenig,
Bonn, May 13-17, 1999
BONNER ZOOLOGISCHE MONOGRAPHIEN, Nr. 46
2000
Herausgeber:
ZOOLOGISCHES FORSCHUNGSINSTITUT
UND MUSEUM A. KOENIG
BONN
© Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at
Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Eiheitsaufnahme
Isolatedvertebratecommunitiesinthetropics : Bonn,May 13-17, 1999/Hrsg.:
Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum A. Koenig, Bonn. - Bonn :
Zoologisches Forschungsinst. undMuseumA. Koenig, 2000
(BonnerzoologischeMonographien Nr. 46)
;
(Proceedingsofthe ... international symposiumofZoologisches
ForschungsinstitutundMuseumA. Koenig 4)
;
ISBN 3-925382-50-X
Das Zustandekommen und die Durchführung des Symposium wurde gefördert
durch Zuwendungen der
Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft
Deutschen Lufthansa AG
Deutschen Telekom und der
Stadt Bonn
© Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at
Contents
INTRODUCTION
Isolated vertebrate communities in the tropics
G. Rheinwald 7
NEOTROPICAL REGION
Analyzing species composition in fragments
B.D. Patterson & W. Atmar 9
Chronology and mode of speciation in the Andean avifauna
J. Garcia-Moreno & J. Fjeldsä 25
Biogeography, geographical variation and taxonomy of the Neotropical
hummingbird genus Polyerata Heine, 1863 (Aves: Trochilidae)
A.-A. Weiler 47
The endemic genus Orestias Valenciennes, 1839 (Teleostei: Cyprinodontidae) of
the Chilean Altiplano
W. Villwock, U. Sienknecht & A. Lüssen 55
AFROTROPICAL REGION
West Africa
Diversity ofa snake community in a Guinean rain forest (Reptilia, Serpentes)
W. Böhme 69
The distribution of Chromaphyosemion Radda, 1971 (Teleostei: Cyprinodonti-
formes) on the coastal plains ofWest and Central Africa
R. Sonnenberg 79
TheALSCO Cameroonherpetological expedition 1998: the samplingofamountain
rainforest
H.-W. Herrmann, W. Böhme & P. Herrmann 95
New record of Grauer's Blind Snake Rhinotyphlops graueri (Sternfeld, 1912)
(Reptilia: Serpentes: Typhlopidae) in western Uganda
J.R. Slapeta, P. Neeas & D. Modry 105
Developmental plasticity andbehavioural adaptations oftwo WestAfrican anurans
living in an unpredictable environment (Amphibia, Anura)
M. Spieler 109
Central and East Africa
Flora and vegetation ofthe afromontane region in Central and East Africa
E. Fischer 121
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Systematics and distribution patterns of Afrotropical Canaries (Serinus-species
group, Aves, Passeriformes, Carduelidae)
R. van den Elzen 133
Patchy versus continuous distribution patterns in the African rain forest: the
problem ofthe Anomaluridae (Mammalia: Rodentia)
A.C. Schunke & R. Hutterer 145
Non-insect arthropods (Isopoda, Arachnida and Myriapoda) on the high mountains
oftropical Africa
P. Beron 153
Two sympatric Lygodactylus-species in coastal areas of Eastern Africa (Reptilia,
Gekkonidae)
B. Roll 189
Comparative ecology and morphology of snipes (Aves, Scolopacidae) in Africa
CM. Gichuki & N.N. Gichuki 199
Review of karyological studies and the problems of systematics of Ethiopian
Arvicanthis Lesson, 1842 (Rodentia: Muridae)
M.I. Baskevich & L.A. Lavrenchenko 209
Isolation ofbird populations in the North Nandi Forest, western Kenya
H. Schifter 217
The mammals of the isolated Harenna forest (southern Ethiopia): structure and
history ofthe fauna
L.A. Lavrenchenko 223
Ecology ofOtomys barbouri Lawrence & Loveridge, 1953 (Mammalia, Rodentia):
an endemic ofthe afro-alpine zone ofMt. Elgon/East Africa
V. Clausnitzer 233
The allozymic phylogeny: evidence for coherent adaptive patterns ofspeciation in
ethiopian endemic rodents from an isolated montane massif
L.A. Lavrenchenko, A.N. Milishnikov & A.A. Warshavsky 245
Primates in Eritrea - distribution and habitat
D. Zinner, F. Torkler & F. Peldez 255
Islands east of Africa
Effects of fragmentation and assessing minimum viable populations of lemurs in
Madagascar
J.U. Ganzhorn, St.M. Goodman, J.-B.Ramanamanjato, J. Ralison, D.
Rakotondravony & B. Rakotosamimanana 265
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Priority areas for forest bird and primate conservation in Madagascar - do they
match np?
F. Hawkins 273
. . .
Conservation planning in the Mantady-Zahamena corridor, Madagascar: Rapid
Assessment Program (RAP)
J. Schmie! ... 285
Fragmentation effects on reptile and amphibian diversity in the littoral forest of
south-eastern Madagascar
J.B. Ramanamanjato 297
Using fossils and phylogenies to understand evolution of reptile communities on
islands
E.N. Arnold 309
Bird communities on the Comoro islands
M. Louette 325
The reptile fauna ofthe Soqotra archipelago
U. Joger 337
ORIENTAL REGION
Preliminary chromosomal results of Niviventer Marshall, 1976 (Mammalia,
Rodentia, Muridae) from the Dalat plateau in southern Vietnam
M.I. Baskevich & G.V. Kuznetsov 351
Mammals ofcoastal islands ofVietnam: zoogeographical and ecological aspects
G.V. Kuznetsov 357
PALEARTIC REGION
On the herpetofauna ofthe Sultanate ofOman, with comments on the relationship
between the Afrotropical and Saharo-Sindian fauna
Th. Wilms & F. Hulbert 367
The evolution of Microtia Freudenthal, 1976 (Mammalia, Rodentia), an endemic
genus from the neogene ofthe Gargano island, southern Italy
V. Millien-Parra 381
ABSTRACTS
Arboreal squamates intropicalforests ofVietnam: species richness, naturalhistory
and conservation
N. Ananjeva & N. Orlov 390
Does frugivore diversity influence seed dispersal and seedling establishment of
fruiting plants?
B. Bieber & K. Böhning-Gaese 390
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The Ichthyological Section ofthe ZFMK: Topics ofresearch in biodiversity
K. Busse, J. Freyhof, A. Nolte, R. Sonnenberg & I. Steinmann 391
Influence oftree species and habitat structureonthecanopy beetlefaunain Semliki
Forest, Uganda
M. Cousin & T. Wagner 392
Geckos milk honeydew produced by Cicada in Madagascar
M. Fölling & W. Böhme 392
Morphological age-dimorphismanditseco-ethological consequences illustratedfor
the White-tailed Hawk (Buteo albicaudatus)
A. Gamauf 393
Centers ofendemic terrestrial vertebrates in Colombia: a methodological approach
N.A. Guzman Ballesteros 394
Mammalian biogeography of the Japanese Archipelago and rodent communities
size structure
V. Millien-Parra 394
The real biodiversity is inside
D. Modry, J.R. Slapeta, P. Necas & B. Koudela 395
The amphibiaofan isolated archipelago: The Eastern AfricanArc forests, Tanzania
A. Schi0tz 396
The Alcolapia species-flock (Teleostei: Cichlidae) of Lakes Natron and Magadi,
Kenya and Tanzania: another piece in the puzzle ofcichlid evolution?
R. Sonnenberg, L. Seegers & R. Yamamoto 396
Comparative adaptive behaviourofDerby Eland in the zoo oftheWildlife College,
Garoua and the Benoue National Park Zoo
C. Tangwing-Njoke 397
Phylogeny ofthe anuran genus Mantella from Madagascar
M. Vences, F. Glaw, A. Hille & W. Böhme 398
Distribution patterns and specificity of Chrysomelids (Coleoptera) in central
African forests
T. Wagner 399
Lessons on evolutionary processes from an unwanted experiment in a tropical fish
community
F. Witte & C.D.N. Barel 399
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7
INTRODUCTION
Isolated Vertebrate Communities in the Tropics
Goetz Rheinwa1d
Since 1984, at intervals offive years, the Alexander Koenig Research Institute and
Museum of Zoology hosts symposia on zoological problems in the tropics with a
focus on Africa. The background has been described in the Proceedings volume of
the first symposium (Schuchmann 1985). The firsttwo were organized by sections
of the vertebrate department and were entitled "African vertebrates: systematics,
phylogeny and evolutionary ecology" (1984) and "International symposium on
vertebratebiogeography and systematics in the tropics" (1989). Theentomological
departmentwasresponsible forthe third: "International symposiumonbiodiversity
and systematics" (1994). All Proceedings volumes are still available (see
references).
This fourth symposium in 1999 was again under the auspices of the vertebrate
department and was entitled: "Isolated Vertebrate Communities in the Tropics". It
was mainly organized by Dr. Renate van den Elzen.
It was the intention of the scientific staff of the department to focus on the
evolutionary aspects that have led to the extreme species diversity and ecological
variety so typical ofthe tropical biota. Since isolation is thought to be the main or
even the sole precondition for the evolution of diversity, the symposium should
focus on this aspect. The second idea was that evolution never takes place in
individuals or isolated populations, but always in communities. So we arrived at
the title ofthe symposium and ofthis volume.
We invited several speakers whose recent publications showed that they are
actively working in our field of interest. More speakers were attracted by the
provisional agenda, until finally we had from 13 to 17 May 1999 a symposium with
26 lectures and 20 posters. We thank all for their valuable contributions.
The topic 'vertebrate communities' was not absolutely adhered to in all
contributions. Several papers did not fit into 'communities', but into 'tropical
vertebrates'. We had one presentation dealing with non-insect arthropods. Since
this paper presents valuable aspects of how isolation works it is also included in
this volume. We were pleased to find a speaker who supplied an introduction to
phytogeography, undoubtedly the basis for all evolutionary aspects in animals.
There are papers that predominantly deal with theoretical aspects, others that
provide insight into biodiversity and evolutionary traits, and some that are
concerned with the conservation ofthese isolated communities.
The contributions are arranged according to their main geographic reference. So
we start in South America, and pass over West, Central and East Africa to the
islands betweenAfrica andIndia; we havetwocontributions on the Oriental region
and close with two on the south of the Palearctis. Those presentations of the
symposium not reported in this volume are added, with their abstracts, in
alphabetical order ofthe authors at the end ofthis book.
It is my conviction that proceedings only make sense when they are published
© Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at
8
immediately after the symposium. Therefore it was my special concern to bring
together all the manuscripts in a very short time. I have to thank most contributors
fortheirunderstanding on this point. Even the last ones were kindenoughtoensure
that the publication date was not affected.
All papers passed one or two reviewers. I am most indebted to N. Arnold - G.
Arratia - A. Barker- K. Busse - R. van den Elzen - H. Enghoff- J. Fjeldsä
- J. Ganzhorn - J. Haffer - R. Hutterer - I. Ineich - U. Joger - M. Louette
- A. Ohler - B. Patterson - G. Peters - K.-L. Schuchmann - H. Winkler,
who had consideration for my desire for quick publication; nevertheless they did
their job with great accuracy and responsibility, for which I thank them all
sincerely. My special thanks belong to Brian Hillcoat, who very carefully went
through all those papers that came from non-native English speakers. He
contributed much more than only an improvement of the English. In her usual
manner, S. Rick helped to solve the many large and small problems that arise with
such a project.
We have to thank the great number ofnameless volunteers under the guidance of
A. Schunke; without their expert assistance such an international event would be
impossible.
Deutsche Forschungsmeinschaft, Bonn gave financial support in two ways:
firstly DFG supplied the largest part of the budgets for the organization of the
symposium (GZ 4851/34/99). In addition DFG supported the travel facilities for
our East European colleagues (GZ 436 1 14/88/99). We thank DFG very much for
this help.
AG
Deutsche Lufthansa sponsored the flight ofone invited speaker from abroad.
Deutsche Telekom contributed gifts in kind for the handling of the symposium.
Stadt Bonn gave support to persons from less developed countries.
References
Peters, G. & R. Hutterer (1990) (eds.): Vertebrates in the tropics. -
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Vertebrate Biogeography and
Systematics in the Tropics. - Alexander Koenig Zoological Research Institute and
Zoological Museum, Bonn. 424 pp.
Schuchmann, K.-L. (1985) (ed.): Proceedings oftheInternational Symposium
on African Vertebrates: Systematics, Phylogeny and Evolutionary Ecology. -
Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig. 585pp.
Ulrich, H. (1997) (ed.): Tropical Biodiversity and Systematics. - Proceedings of
the International Symposium an Biodiversity and Systematics in Tropical
Ecosystems. - Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig.
357 pp.
