Islamic Narrative and Authority in Southeast Asia: From the 16th to the 21st Century (Contemporary Anthropology of Religion)

266 Pages·2007·1.34 MB·English

by  Thomas Gibson

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ISLAMIC NARRATIVE AND AUTHORITY
IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
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CONTEMPORARY ANTHROPOLOGY OF RELIGION
A series published with the Society for the
Anthropology of Religion
Robert Hefner, Series Editor
Boston University
Published by Palgrave Macmillan
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By Ronald Lukens-Bull
The Road to Clarity: Seventh-Day Adventism in Madagascar
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Yoruba in Diaspora: An African Church in London
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Islamic Narrative and Authority in Southeast Asia:
From the 16th to the 21st Century
By Thomas Gibson
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Islamic Narrative and Authority
in Southeast Asia
From the 16th to the 21st Century
Thomas Gibson
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ISLAMICNARRATIVEANDAUTHORITYINSOUTHEASTASIA
© Thomas Gibson,2007.
All rights reserved.No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any
manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief
quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews.
First published in 2007 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™
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Union and other countries.
ISBN-13:978–1–4039–7983–4
ISBN-10:1–4039–7983–9
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Gibson,Thomas,1956–
Islamic narrative and authority in Southeast Asia :from the 16th to the
21st century / by Thomas Gibson.
p.cm.—(Contemporary anthropology of religion)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1–4039–7983–9 (alk.paper)
1.Islam—Indonesia–Sulawesi Selatan—History.2.Sulawesi Selatan
(Indonesia)—Religion.3.Sulawesi Selatan (Indonesia)—Social life
and customs.4.Islam and culture—Indonesia—Sulawesi Selatan.
5.Ethnology—Indonesia—Sulawesi Selatan.I.Title.
BP63.152S825 2007
297.09598—dc22 2007061159
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd.,Chennai,India.
First edition:June 2007
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America.
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Contents
List of Maps and Figures vii
Acknowledgments ix
A Note on Makassar Names xi
Chapter 1 Introduction: Symbolic Knowledge
and Authority in Complex Societies 1
Chapter 2 The Ruler as Perfect Man in
Southeast Asia, 1500–1667 27
Chapter 3 Cosmopolitan Islam in
South Sulawesi, 1640–1705 55
Chapter 4 Islamic Martyrdom and the Great
Lord of the VOC, 1705–1988 85
Chapter 5 Popular Mysticism and the
Colonial State, 1811–1936 111
Chapter 6 Cosmopolitan Piety and the Late
Colonial State, 1850–1950 137
Chapter 7 Revolutionary Islam and the
Nation-State, 1900–1965 161
Chapter 8 Official Islam and the Developmental
State, 1965–2004 183
Chapter 9 Conclusion: Narrative, Ritual, and
Models of the Self 207
References 221
Index 235
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List of Maps and Figures
Maps
South Sulawesi in Relation to the Indian Ocean xii
2.1 South Sulawesi Kingdoms, 1605 51
3.1 The Travels of Shaikh Yusuf, 1644–1705 70
4.1 The World of Datu Museng 97
6.1 The Regencies of Bira and Kajang, 1874–1920 141
Figures
2.1 The Kings of Gowa and Tallo’, 1450–1639 44
3.1 Spiritual and Dynastic Genealogies, 1500–1700 58
3.2 The Shattari Silsilaof Bira 61
3.3 The Qadiri Silsilaof Bira 62
4.1 Royal Alliances, 1654–1812 93
5.1 The Merging of Gowa and
Bone, 1672–1812 114
5.2 Middle Eastern Influences on
South Sulawesi, 1650–1850 119
5.3 GallarrangandKaliin Ara, 1780–2000 126
6.1 The Cults of Bakka’ Tera’ and
Karaeng Mamampang 146
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Acknowledgments
T
he local scholar to whom I owe the largest debt by far was my host
and mentor, Haji Abdul Hakim Daeng Paca. Among the many others
who volunteered their time to instruct me in the finer points of Islam
in South Sulawesi were Hama Daeng La’ju and Palippui Daeng Puga,
masters of the arcane sciences (ilmu); Sirajang Daeng Munira,
Alimuddin Daeng Mappi, and Muhammad Yakub Daeng Jagong,
Imamsof Ara; Muhamad Idris Daeng Buru’ne, Imamof Bira; Abdul
Hamid Daeng Maming, former head of the Department of Education
and Culture for Bonto Bahari; Daeng Pasau and Haji Mustari, Kepala
Desaof Ara; Daeng Sibaji Daeng Puga and Muhammad Nasir Daeng
Puga, reciters of Sinrili’ Datu Museng; and Muhammad Idris
Radatung Daeng Sarika, schoolteacher, master musician and former
Darul Islam militant. I also owe a deep debt of gratitude to Rusnani
Babo and Drs. Aminuddin Bakry, my hosts in Ujung Pandang.
Dr.Abu Hamid, Professor of Anthropology at Hasanuddin University,
provided me access to his seminar at the University and to the
Indonesian academic community more generally.
My understanding of the way Islam has interacted with
Austronesian symbolic systems has benefited from discussions with
many fellow students of the area, including Benedict Anderson,
Lanfranco Blanchetti-Revelli, Maurice Bloch, John Bowen, David
Bulbeck, Ian Caldwell, Michael Feener, Ken George, Gilbert
Hamonic, Robert Hefner, Michael Laffan, Michael Lambek, Ronald
Lukens-Bull, Jennifer Nourse, Michael Peletz, Christian Pelras, James
Siegel, Heather Sutherland, and Mark Woodward.
My first two visits to South Sulawesi in 1988 and 1989 were
financed by a grant from the Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation.
The preliminary analysis of my findings in 1989 was financed by a
Visiting Fellowship in the Comparative Austronesian Project of the
Department of Anthropology, Research School of Pacific Studies, the
Australian National University. Historical research in the Netherlands