Table Of ContentIslam, the State, and Political
Authority
MiddleEastToday
Serieseditors:
MohammedAyoob FawazA.Gerges
UniversityDistinguishedProfessorof ProfessorandChairofMiddleEastern
InternationalRelations PoliticsandInternationalRelations
MichiganStateUniversity DirectoroftheMiddleEastCentre
LondonSchoolofEconomics
The Iranian Revolution of 1979 and the subsequent Gulf Wars, along with the
overthrow of the Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, have dramatically altered the
geopoliticallandscapeofthecontemporaryMiddleEast.Thisseriesputsforward
acriticalbodyoffirst-ratescholarshipthatreflectsthecurrentpoliticalandsocial
realitiesoftheregion,focusingonoriginalresearchabouttheIsraeli–Palestinian
conflict;socialmovements,institutions,andtheroleplayedbynongovernmental
organizations such as Hamas, Hezbollah, the Taliban, and the Muslim Brother-
hood;IranandTurkeyasemergingpreeminentpowersintheregion—theformer
an Islamic republic and the latter a democracy currently governed by a party
with Islamic roots; oil-producing countries in the Persian Gulf and their petrol
economies;thepotentialproblemsofnuclearproliferationintheregion;andthe
challengesconfrontingtheUnitedStates,Europe,andtheUnitedNationsinthe
greater Middle East. The focus of the series is on general topics such as social
turmoil, war and revolution, occupation, radicalism, democracy, and Islam as a
politicalforceinthecontextofmodernMiddleEasthistory.
AliShari’atiandtheShapingofPoliticalIslaminIran
KingshukChatterjee
ReligionandtheStateinTurkishUniversities:TheHeadscarfBan
FatmaNevraSeggie
TurkishForeignPolicy:Islam,Nationalism,andGlobalization
HasanKösebalaban
NonviolentResistanceintheSecondIntifada:ActivismandAdvocacy
EditedbyMaiaCarterHallwardandJulieM.Norman
TheConstitutionalSystemofTurkey:1876tothePresent
ErgunÖzbudun
Islam,theState,andPoliticalAuthority:MedievalIssuesandModernConcerns
EditedbyAsmaAfsaruddin
Islam, the State, and Political
Authority
Medieval Issues and Modern Concerns
Editedby
Asma Afsaruddin
ISLAM,THESTATE,ANDPOLITICALAUTHORITY
Copyright©AsmaAfsaruddin,2011.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2011 978-0-230-11655-9
Allrightsreserved.
Firstpublishedin2011by
PALGRAVEMACMILLAN®
intheUnitedStates—adivisionofSt.Martin’sPressLLC,
175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010.
WherethisbookisdistributedintheUK,EuropeandtherestoftheWorld,
thisisbyPalgraveMacmillan,adivisionofMacmillanPublishersLimited,
registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,
Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XS.
PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabove
companiesandhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld.
Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnited
States,theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries.
ISBN 978-1-349-29720-7 ISBN 978-1-137-00202-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9781137002020
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Islam,thestate,andpoliticalauthority:medievalissuesandmodern
concerns/editedbyAsmaAfsaruddin.
p. cm.—(MiddleEasttoday)
1. Islamandstate. 2. Islamandpolitics. 3. Islam—Government.
4. Islamandpolitics—Islamiccountries. 5. Islamicrenewal—Islamic
countries. 6. Religiousawakening—Islam. 7. Polity(Religion)
I. Afsaruddin,Asma,1958–
BP173.6.I8672011
297.2(cid:2)72—dc23 2011020756
AcataloguerecordofthebookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
DesignbyIntegraSoftwareServices
Firstedition:December2011
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
ABriefNoteonTransliterationandDatingConventions vii
NotesonContributors ix
Introduction 1
AsmaAfsaruddin
Part I MedievalSection
1 JustificationofPoliticalAuthorityinMedievalSunni
Thought 9
HayrettinYücesoy
2 AlfarabiandtheFoundationofPoliticalTheologyinIslam 35
MassimoCampanini
3 Alfarabi’sGoal:PoliticalPhilosophy,NotPoliticalTheology 53
CharlesE.Butterworth
4 Prophecy,Imamate,andPoliticalRuleamongtheIkhwan
al-Safa’ 75
CarmelaBaffioni
5 TheResponsibilitiesofPoliticalOfficeinaShi‘iCaliphate
andtheDelineationofPublicDutiesundertheFatimids 93
PaulE.Walker
6 IbnTaymiyyaonIslamicGovernance 111
BananMalkawiandTamaraSonn
Part II ModernSection
7 TheologizingaboutDemocracy:ACriticalAppraisalof
Mawdudi’sThought 131
AsmaAfsaruddin
8 ThePoliticalPhilosophyofIslamicMovements 155
M.A.MuqtedarKhan
vi CONTENTS
9 RethinkingtheRelationshipbetweenReligionandLiberal
Democracy:OvercomingtheProblemsofSecularismin
MuslimSocieties 173
NaderHashemi
10 MinarchistPoliticalIslam 189
AnasMalik
11 Wilayatal-faqihandDemocracy 207
MohsenKadivar
12 Anwaral-‘AwlaqiagainsttheIslamicLegalTradition 225
AndrewF.March
Index 249
A Brief Note on Transliteration
and Dating Conventions
IntransliteratingArabicnamesandwords,theusualdiacriticshavebeen
dispensed with, except for the ‘ayn and the hamza. Special diacritics for
otherforeignwordsintheLatinscript(e.g.,inGermanandTurkish)have
usuallybeenretained.
AlldatesareCommonEra,unlessotherwisespecificallyindicated.
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Notes on Contributors
AsmaAfsaruddinisProfessorofIslamicStudiesandChairoftheDepart-
ment of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures at Indiana University,
Bloomington.
Carmela Baffioni is Professor of History of Muslim Philosophy at
theUniversitadegliStudidiNapoli‘Lorientale,Italy.
Charles E. Butterworth is Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the
UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark.
Massimo Campanini is Lecturer in Islamic Political Philosophy at the
UniversityofTrento,Italy.
NaderHashemiisAssistantProfessorofMiddleEastandIslamicPolitics
at the Joseph Korbel School of International Studies at the University of
Denver,Colorado.
MohsenKadivarisVisitingResearchProfessoratDukeUniversity.
M.A.MuqtedarKhanisAssociateProfessorofPoliticalScienceandInter-
national Relations and Director of Islamic Studies at the University of
Delaware,Newark.
AnasMalikisAssistantProfessorofPoliticalScienceatXavierUniversity,
Cincinnati.
BananMalkawiwasresearchassistanttoProfessorSonn(seebelow)atthe
CollegeofWilliamandMary.
Andrew F. March is Associate Professor in the Department of Political
ScienceatYaleUniversity.
Tamara Sonn is the William R. Kennan Jr. Distinguished Professor of
Humanities in the Department of Religious Studies at the College of
WilliamandMary.
PaulE.WalkerisResearchAssociateattheUniversityofChicago.
