Islam in the Indian subcontinent

313 Pages·1980·6.652 MB·English

by  Annemarie Schimmel

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Islam in the Indian Subcontinent
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Das ,,Handbuch der Orientalistik" eerscheint in Heften verschiedenen
Umfangs in zwangloser Folge. Separatbände sind erhältlich.
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Page i
Handbuch Der Orientalistik
Herausgegeben von B. SPULER
unter Mitarbeit von
H. Franke, J. Gonda, H. Hammitzsch, W. Helck, B. Hrouda,
H. Kahler, J. E. Van Lohuizen­De Leeuw Und F. Vos
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Page ii
HANDBUCH DER ORIENTALISTIK
ZWEITE ABTEILUNG
INDIEN
HERAUSGEGEBEN VON J. GONDA
VIERTER BAND
RELIGIONEN
DRITTER ABSCHNITT
ISLAM IN THE
INDIAN SUBCONTINENT

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Page iii
Islam in the Indian Subcontinent
By
Annemarie Schimmel

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E.J. BRILL / LElDEN·KOLN
Page iv
ISBN 90 04 06117 7
Copyright 1980 by E. J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or translated in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, microfiche or any other means 
without written permission from the publisher
PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS
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Page v
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements  vii
Introduction  1
I. Advent and Consolidation of Islam in the Subcontinent 3
II. The Time of Independent States—The Growth of Shia Islam 36
Delhi 36
Malwa 39
Jaunpur 40
Kashmir 43
Bengal 47
The Deccan 51
Bijapur 56
Golkonda 60
The Carnatic  62
Gujarat 65
Isma'ili * Communities 70
III. The Age of the Great Moghuls 75
IV. Muslim Life and Customs—Saints and their Tombs—Mystical Folk Poetry  106
V. India after Aurangzeb: Muslim Life and Thought between 1707 and 1857 150
VI. 1857­1906: The Age of Reform Movements 189
VII. From the Partition of Bengal to the Partition of the Subcontinent—The Age  216
of Iqbal
Epilogue 245
Select Bibliography 248
Index of Technical Terms 261
Index of Books 277
Index of Proper Names 283
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
While preparing the bibliography for this handbook Idiscovered that Ihad
personal friendly relations withalmost everycontemporarywriter, so that not
only their books and articles but meetings and correspondence with them had
shaped my outlook and my understanding of the situation ofthe Muslims in
India and Pakistan. Many of them have died during the last years-I
remembered with gratitude the brothers Dr. Zakir Husain, Dr. YusufHusain
Khan, and Dr. Mahmud Husain; further Dr. Abid Husain of Jamia Millia.
Mumtaz Hasan, S. M. Ikram, and Khalifa (Abdul Hakim are also no longer
among their friends, nor is Professor Aziz Ahmad.
There are many others, whose names are not mentioned in the following
pages and who yet have helped me to understand various facets ofIslamic life
in the Subcontinent-colleagues in the universities of India and Bangladesh,
and illiterate !aqTrs in Sind, progressive writers and tradition-bound
housewives between PeshawarandChittagong, keepersofsaints' tombsinthe
United Provinces and inquisitivejournalists, admirers ofIqbal in Lahoreas in
Aligarh-theyall form part ofmy understandingofthe Indo-Pakistani Islam,
an understanding which may be at times very personal.
Ihavealso to thank friends andcolleagues intheWesternworld whoshared
their insights with me: the small but devoted group of scholars interested in
Indian Islam which is found between Leiden and Jerusalem, Duke University
and Montreal, Chicagoand Prague(tomention onlya few centres) has always
been a source of inspiration. Among my friends in Harvard I mention par
ticularly Wilfred Cantwell Smith, whose 'Modern Islam in India' is still the
most thought provoking study of modern Muslim movements, and Stuart
Cary Welch, who taught me to appreciate Indo-Muslim art. My junior col
leagues Wheeler M. Thackston and Brian Silver kindly read the manuscript
and made some valuable suggestions. My sincere thanks are due to all of
them.
Cambridge, Mass.
Spring 1980 ANNEMARIE SCHIMMEL