ISIS Radar Course Development

28 Pages·2013·2 MB·English

by  Probal Sanyal

Cognitive Radar*
14 June 2013
Dr. John SantaPietro (Presenter)
Dr. Probal Sanyal
Dr. L. D. Tromp
Dr. David Zasada
Approved for Public Release. *Based on the presentation by D. Zasada
Distribution Unlimited. 13-0123
at 6th Annual Military Radar Summit, 26 Feb 2013
. © 2013, The MITRE Corporation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
OUTLINE
■ Overview of the Cognitive Radar Concept

■ Program Activities and Research

■ Description of Results

■ Summary & Conclusions
2
© 2013, The MITRE Corporation ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
OUTLINE
■ Overview of the Cognitive Radar Concept

■ Program Activities and Research

■ Description of Results

■ Summary & Conclusions
3
Cognitive Radar Background
 The Cognitive Radar concept & term
was first introduced by Simon Haykin
in 2006 in a Special Issue of IEEE Signal
Processing Magazine on Knowledge-
Based Systems for Adaptive Radar.
 Since then many papers on Cognitive
Radar have appeared in the technical
literature.
 The textbook “Cognitive Radar: The
Knowledge Aided Fully Adaptive
Approach” by Joseph Guerci appeared
in 2010.
4
© 2013, The MITRE Corporation ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Motivation and Drivers for Cognitive Radar
■ Some challenges facing modern radar
– Increased radar performance is required to provide the ability to see more
demanding classes of targets and also operate in a complex environment
■Advanced Electronic Attack/Protection (EA/EP)
■Non-intentional interference and spectrum crowding, reallocation &
shortage of available spectrum
■Complex heterogeneous clutter (natural & man-made- urban areas and
wind farms )

■ Hypothesis: These challenges can be effectively addressed by Cognitive
Radar (CR) i.e. a radar system having the equivalent of Cognitive Actions**
(without consciousness) which include perceiving, thinking, reasoning,
judging, problem solving, and remembering
Cognitive Property* Cognitive Radar Equivalent
Perceiving Sensing/Communicating
Thinking, Reasoning, Judging, Problem Expert Systems, Rule-Based Reasoning,
Solving Adaptive Algorithms & Computation
Memory, Environmental Database
Remembering
* *J.R. Guerci, “Cognitive Radar: The Knowledge Aided Fully Adaptive Approach, Artech House, Norwood, MA 2010
* National Institute for Mental Health © 2013, The MITRE Corporation ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 5
3 Basic Ingredients of Cognitive Radar*
1. Continuous learning about the environment
– Builds upon learning through interactions with surrounding
environment & updating the receiver with this information

2. Feedback from receiver to transmitter
– The transmitter adjusts its illumination “intelligently” based on 1.

3. The whole system constitutes a dynamic
closed feedback loop in which learning is
preserved

All 3 are present in the biological example of the echo-location system of the
bat which changes its transmitted sonar wave from “search” to “approach”
to the “terminal phase” in target pursuit
*S. Haykin “Cognitive Radar: A way of the future”, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2006

© 2013, The MITRE Corporation ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 6
Conventional vs. Cognitive Radar Architecture*
Key Cognitive Radar Features
• Fully Adaptive Transmitter (Tx) & Receiver (Rx)
• Rx and Tx have knowledge aided processing and expert reasoning
• Feedback to the Tx
*J.R. Guerci, “Cognitive Radar: The Knowledge Aided Fully Adaptive Approach, Artech House, Norwood, MA 2010
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© 2013, The MITRE Corporation ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Conventional Radar Only Adapts Based On
Received Pulse Returns
“Cognitive Radar – The Knowledge-Aided Fully Adaptive Approach:” by Dr. J.R. Guerci, IEEE International Microwave
Symposium, June 9, 2011 and IDGA Military Radar Summit Feb 7, 2012
■ Vast knowledge sources cannot currently be utilized directly with most conventional
radar embedded computing
■ Radar should have access to all kinds of useful information available on the net
(weather, terrain, roads, urban features, etc.)
– BUT will need to access & ingest it in “real-time”  a challenge that requires “look ahead” scheduling

© 2013, The MITRE Corporation ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 8
Knowledge Aided Co-Processor

 Enables execution of urban propagation models in real time

 General Purpose Graphical Processing Units (GPGPU)
based on graphics architecture (NVIDIA)

© 2013, The MITRE Corporation ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Summary of Cognitive Radar Features
■ Fully adaptive: Both Rx and Tx
– Full spatio-temporal-polarimetric adaptivity on Tx and Rx

■ Rx and Tx use Knowldege-Aided (KA) processing
– Use of Environmental dynamic databases

■ Full feedback path to Tx
– Essentail component of a “cognitive” system*
* S. Haykin “Cognitive Radar: A way of the future”, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2006
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© 2013, The MITRE Corporation ALL RIGHTS RESERVED