Table Of ContentISCORD 2013
P S
LANNING FOR USTAINABLE
C R
OLD EGIONS
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM
ON COLD REGIONS DEVELOPMENT
June 2–5, 2013
Anchorage, Alaska
SPONSORED BY
Technical Council on Cold Regions Engineering (TCCRE)
of the American Society of Civil Engineers
The International Association for Cold Regions Development Studies
(IACORDS)
Alaska Section of the American Society of Civil Engineers
EDITED BY
Jon E. Zufelt, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE
1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE
RESTON, VIRGINIA 20191–4400
Preface
The International Symposium on Cold Regions Development (ISCORD 2013) is the tenth of
this series of international gatherings to discuss the problems of planning, development, and
engineering in cold regions of the world. The most recent ISCORD was held in Yakutsk,
Russia in June, 2010. ISCORD 2013 was held at the Dena’ina Civic and Convention Center
in Anchorage, Alaska on June 2-5, 2013.
The Technical Council on Cold Regions Engineering (TCCRE) of the American Society of
Civil Engineers (ASCE) has always supported the ISCORD conferences as a strong
component of technology transfer in cold regions engineering. TCCRE last sponsored the
ISCORD in 1997, also in Anchorage, Alaska. Coupled with TCCRE’s International
Conference on Cold Regions Engineering series, the Cold Regions Monograph series, and the
ASCE Journal of Cold Regions Engineering, the ISCORD provides a unique venue to
present the latest techniques in research, planning, design, engineering, construction, and
operations in cold regions of the world.
The ISCORD 2013 included 3 days of presentations with a daily plenary followed by 4
parallel tracks of technical sessions providing a venue for over 130 presentations. Presenters
hailed from Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Russia,
and the United States. The conference also included an Awards Luncheon highlighted by the
presentation of the Harold R. Peyton Award for Cold Regions Engineering, the CAN-AM
Civil Engineering Amity Award, the Eb Rice Lecture Award, the Best Journal of Cold
Regions Engineering Paper Award, and the Best Cold Regions Conference Paper Award. An
Ice Breaker Reception, Conference Banquet, and Technical Tours provided additional
opportunities for attendees to share ideas.
This collection of 79 papers brings together the current state of knowledge on a variety of
topic areas in cold regions engineering and represents a truly international view. The volume
is arranged by topical area and includes papers dealing with Cold Regions Construction;
Education and Socio-Cultural Considerations; Environmental Contaminants; Frozen Ground
and Permafrost; Geomatics and Specific Arctic Issues; Oil, Gas, and Energy Issues;
Pavement Performance; Permeable Pavements; Ports, Coastal, and Hydraulic Engineering;
Runways and Airfields; Snow and Ice Management; Structures and Foundations; Sustainable
technologies and Asset Management; and Water and Wastewater Systems.
Thomas G. Krzewinski, PE, D.GE, F.ASCE
Conference Chair and President of IACORDS
Jon E. Zufelt, Ph.D., PE, M.ASCE
Proceedings Editor
Acknowledgments
Local Organizing Committee
Thomas Krzewinski - Conference Chair, IACORDS President, Golder Associates Inc.
Hannele Zubeck - Conference Vice-Chair, IACORDS Vice President, UAA
David Prusak - Technical Chair, MWH Global
Jon Zufelt - Proceedings Editor - CRREL
Steve Daly - CRREL
Jim Rooney - Special Relations/Dignitaries
Joel Ulring - President, Anchorage Branch of ASCE, Golder Associates Inc.
Ted Vinson - TCCRE Chair, Oregon State
Drew Caraccilo - ASCE Sponsorship and Exhibit Sales Manager
Frank Kim - Manager of ASCE Programs- TCCRE Staff Contact
Susan Long - ASCE Manager, Conference & Meetings Services
Naida Caton – ASCE Conference Coordinator
Donna Dickert - ASCE Publications
Barbara Whitten – ASCE Program Manager Technical Committees
Virginia Groeschel - President, Alaska Section of ASCE, DOWL-HKM
Jeffrey Urbanus - Municipality of Anchorage
Lynda Barber-Wiltse - Anchorage Water & Wastewater Utility
Sarah Trainor - UAF
Anne Brooks - ITE, Brooks & Associates
Aaron Dotson - UAA
Don Antrobus - Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium
Abigail Enghirst - Institute of the North
Anna Liljedahl - American Water Resources Association Alaska Section
Misty Pulliam - Golder Associates Inc.
TCCRE Executive Committee
Ted S. Vinson, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE, Chair
Jon E. Zufelt, Ph.D., P.E., M.ASCE, Past-Chair
Steven F. Daly, Ph.D., P.E., D.WRE, M.ASCE, Vice-Chair
David J. Prusak, P.E., M.ASCE, Secretary
Maureen A. Kestler, Aff.M.ASCE, Member
Frank Kim, ASCE Staff Contact
Cooperating Organizations
Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium
Institute of the North
University of Alaska Anchorage
University of Alaska Fairbanks
Korean Geotechnical Society
RIL - The Finnish Association of Civil Engineers
The Municipality of Anchorage
American Water Resources Association, Alaska Section
International Permafrost Association
United States Permafrost Association
Institute of Transportation Engineers, Alaska Section
Transportation Research Board
ASCE Geomatics Division
American Society of Civil Engineers
1801 Alexander Bell Drive
Reston, Virginia, 20191-4400
www.pubs.asce.org
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Copyright 2013 by the American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Table of Contents
Cold Regions Construction
Bridge Erection off the Ice 1
David Charles Stringer
Campbell Lake Winter Construction Projects 13
Brian Gastrock and Lynda Barber-Wiltse
Evaluating a New Snow Miller/Paver for Snow Roads 24
Sally A. Shoop, Maggie A. Knuth, and Russ G. Alger
Logistics: Critical for Remote Projects 41
Linda D. Ewers
The Adfreeze Strength Characteristics of Vibratory Driven Piles 45
Torsten Mayrberger, Kenton Braun, William N. Scott, and John Cologgi
The Construction of Halley VI Station in Antarctica 59
David Michael Blake
Education and Socio-Cultural
Considerations
Integration, Synthesis, and Assessment of Climate Change Health Impacts 67
for Alaskan Native Communities
Prithviraj Chavan, John Warren, Michael Brubaker, and James Berner
Systematic Doctoral Education in Finland Since 1995 75
Riitta Kamula, Kari Laine, and Bjørn Kløve
Environmental Contaminants
Electrodialytic Extraction of Heavy Metals from Greenlandic MSWI Fly Ash 87
As a Function of Remediation Time and L/S Ratio
Gunvor M. Kirkelund, Pernille E. Jensen, and Lisbeth M. Ottosen
First Assessment of Triazoles and Other Organic Contaminants in Snow and 97
Snowmelt in Urban Waters, Anchorage, Alaska
Birgit Hagedorn, Mikala Larsen, and Aaron Dotson
Remediation of Oil-Contaminated Soil in Greenland 105
Janne Fritt-Rasmussen and Pernille Erland Jensen
The Performance of Artificial Frozen Barriers 116
Anna M. Wagner and Edward Yarmak, Jr.
Frozen Ground and Permafrost
A Case Study on Thermal Foundation Design for the Goldstream Valley 128
Bridge—Alaska Railroad MP 432.1, West of Fairbanks, Alaska
Thomas G. Krzewinski and Travis E. Ross
Analysis of a Frozen Debris Lobe: A First Look inside an Impending 139
Geohazard
Margaret M. Darrow, Ronald P. Daanen, and Jocelyn M. Simpson
Electrical Resistivity of Soils Due to Cyclic Freezing and Thawing 149
Sun-Young Seo, Seung-Seo Hong, and Jong-Sub Lee
Estimation of Spatial Variation of Spectral Acceleration in Anchorage Basin, 155
Alaska, from Strong Motion Network Data
Utpal Dutta
Experimental and Practical Evaluation Method of Three-Dimensional Frost 164
Heave of Frozen Soil
Shunji Kanie, Hao Zheng, Shohei Takahashi, Satoshi Akagawa, and Yasushi Ueda
Opportunities and Constraints of Engineering Frozen Backfill for 175
Underground Mining Applications in Permafrost
D. L. Cluff and V. N. Kazakidis
Geocryological Problems of Railroads on Permafrost 191
Valentin G. Kondratiev
Geotechnical Engineering in Cold Regions 204
John Barker and Howard Thomas
Mechanical Properties of Naturally Frozen Silty Soil for Seismic Design of 215
Pile Foundations
Xiaoxuan Ge, Zhaohui (Joey) Yang, and Benjamin Still
Naturally Frozen Soils from the Field to the Laboratory 228
Benjamin A. Still, Zhaohui (Joey) Yang, Xiaoxuan Ge, and Anthony Paris
New Approach for Estimating Hydraulic Properties of Soils in Cold Regions 237
Damodhara R. Mailapalli, Debasmita Misra, and Anita M. Thompson
Properties of Embankments Constructed in Winter 249
Atsuko Sato, Satoshi Nishimoto, and Teruyuki Suzuki
Thermal-Mechanical Constitutive Modeling for Freezing and Thawing Soils 256
Yao Zhang and Radoslaw L. Michalowski
Geomatics and Specific Arctic
Issues
Geomatics Infrastructure Developments in Alaska by the National Geodetic 268
Survey
Juliana P. Blackwell
GIS Compilation of Alaska North Slope Geotechnical Data 271
Andrew Garrigus and Susan Wilson
The GRAV-D Project: Focus on Alaska 275
Daniel R. Roman and Vicki A. Childers
Gravity, Geoids, and Heights in the Alaskan Arctic 281
Daniel R. Roman and Xiaopeng Li
OPUS Use in Alaska: A Favored Positioning Tool from the North Slope to the 289
Remote Aleutian Islands
Neil D. Weston and Tomás Soler
Software to Help Surveying Engineers Deal with Coordinate Changes Due to 297
Crustal Motion in Alaska
Chris Pearson, Jeff Freymueller, and Richard Snay
Oil, Gas, and Energy Issues
Applied Ice Engineering for Exploring Arctic Natural Resources 308
Erin K. Bashaw, Jeremiah Drage, Stephen K. Lewis, and Cary "Josh" Billings
Best Practice in Arctic Development Concept Selection—How to Avoid the 320
Traps
Chris Mole, Mike Paulin, and Amy Sturge
Trenching of Pipelines for Protection in Ice Environments 332
Mike Paulin, Joseph Cocker, Damien Humby, and Glenn Lanan
Pavement Performance
A Study on Reproducibility of Friction Data Collected Using a Continuous 343
Friction Tester
Naoto Takahashi, Makoto Kiriishi, and Roberto Tokunaga
A Study on the Use of Quantitative Indicators for Winter Road Performance 355
Measurement and Evaluation in Japan
Roberto Tokunaga, Makoto Kiriishi, and Naoto Takahashi
An Analysis of Frost Penetration Depth with Field Temperature Data of 367
Paved Road in Korea
E. C. Shin, J. J. Park, and J. S. Lee
Comparative Analyses of Methods for Posting Spring Load Restrictions 379
H. Miller, C. Cabral, M. Kestler, R. Berg, and R. Eaton
Driving Behavior Test on Roundabout with Road Surface Changes 391
Kazunori Munehiro, Hiroyuki Kageyama, and Tateki Ishida
Low Temperature Characterization of Asphalt Mixtures by Measuring Visco- 404
Elastic Properties under Thermal Loading
Mohammad Zia Alavi, Elie Y. Hajj, Nathan E. Morian, and Peter E. Sebaaly
Modeling of Pavement Deterioration in Cold Regions 416
Osama A. Abaza and Anthony P. Mullin
Permanent Deformation Behavior of Alaskan Granular Base Materials 428
Lin Li, Stephan Saboundjian, Juanyu Liu, and Xiong Zhang
