Table Of ContentKeio University Symposia
for Life Science and Medicine 6
Springer Japan KK
Y. Fukuuchi, M. Tomita,
A. Koto
(Eds.)
Ischemie Blood Flow
in the Brain
With 165 Figures, Including 8 in Color
Springer
Yasuo Fukuuchi, M.D.
Professor and Chairman, Department of Neurology
School of Medicine, Keio University
35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
Minoru Tomita, M.D.
Visiting Professor, Department of Neurology
School of Medicine, Keio University
35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
Atsuo Koto, M.D.
Dean, Keio Junior College of Nursing
and
Professor, Department of Neurology
School of Medicine, Keio University
35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
ISBN 978-4-431-67990-5
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ischemie blood flow in the brain I Y. Fukuuchi, M. Tomita, A. Koto (eds.).
p.; cm. - (Keio University symposia for life science and medieine; 6)
Includes bibliographieal references and index.
ISBN 978-4-431-67990-5 ISBN 978-4-431-67899-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-67899-1
1. Cerebral ischemia-Congresses. 2. Blood flow-Congresses. 3. Cerebrovascular
disease-Congresses. 1. Fukuuchi, Y. (Yasuo), 1937- II. Tomita, M. (Minoru) III. Koto,
Atsuo, 1941- IV, Series.
[DNLM: 1. Brain Ischemia-Congresses. 2. Blood-Brain Barrier-Congresses. 3.
Cerebrovascular Accident-Congresses. 4. Cerebrovascular Disorders-Congresses. WL
355 1767 2000]
RC388.5 .182 2000
616.8'1-dc21
00-041340
Printed on acid-free paper
© Springer Japan 2001
Origina1ly published by Springer-Verlag Tokyo in 2001
Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 2001
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SPIN: 10757421
Foreword
Thisvolumecontainstheproceedingsofthesixthsymposiumofthe Keio University
International Symposiafor LifeSciencesand Medicineunder thesponsorshipofthe
Keio University Medical Science Fund.As stated in the address by the President of
KeioUniversityattheopeningofthesymposium,thefundwasestablishedbythegen
erous donation ofDr.MitsunadaSakaguchi.TheKeio UniversityInternational Sym
posiafor LifeSciencesandMedicineconstituteoneofthecoreactivitiesofthefund.
The objective is to contributeto the international communitybydeveloping human
resources,promotingscientificknowledge,andencouragingmutualexchange.Every
year, the Committee of the International Symposia for Life Sciences and Medicine
selects the most interestingtopics for the symposium from applications received in
responsetoacallforpaperstotheKeiomedicalcommunity.Thepublicationofthese
proceedingsisintendedtopublicizeanddistributeinformationarisingfromthelively
discussions ofthe most exciting and current issues during the symposium.We are
gratefultoDr.MitsunadaSakaguchi,whomadethesymposiumpossible,themembers
oftheprogramcommittee,andtheofficestaffwhosesupportguaranteedthesuccess
ofthe symposium. Finally,we thank Springer-Verlag,Tokyo, for their assistance in
publishingthiswork.
AkimichiKaneko,M.D.,Ph.D.
Chairman
Committeeofthe InternationalSymposia
for LifeSciencesandMedicine
v
Preface
Stroke, especially ischemic stroke, is intractable. This Symposium was planned to
investigate stroke from the mostfundamental aspects ofischemicblood flow in the
brainbecausestrokeisessentiallyadiseaseofthevesselsand/orbloodflow.Toame
liorateischemicsequelae,manipulationofthederangedflowbasedonpreciseknowl
edge is considered crucial. The term"ischemic blood flow" in this Symposium was
intended to mean not only sluggish flow which causes tissue ischemia,but also dis
turbed flowwhichoccurs secondarilyto ischemictissue damage.
Inresponseto ourinvitation,wewerehonoredtohave theparticipationof20dis
tinguished guests from around the world.The titles oftheir papers led to a frame
workfortheSymposiumthatcoveredthebuffycoat(glycocalyx) ofendothelialcells,
the blood-brain barrier and permeability,gene expression,vascular reactivity,dys
regulation, inflammatory deterioration, cortical spreading depression, edema,
microvascularderangement,and pathology.Alongthese lines,ad hocabstracts were
calledfor.We receivedalmostdoubletheschedulednumberofabstracts,fromwhich
35wereselected.Wemustapologizetotheauthorsofthe remainderoftheabstracts,
whichcouldnotbeincludedintheSymposium,notbecauseoftheirqualitybutowing
to thelimitationsimposedbyourstructuredframework.
Through the kind cooperation of the participants, the Symposium ran very
smoothlyandenjoyedan at-home atmosphere withexcellentpresentationsfollowed
by fruitful discussions and thought-provoking comments. We were extremely
satisfied with the Symposium, and the outcome was far better than we could have
anticipated.
This book contains the papers from all 20 guest speakers plus the 35 explained
above.Wehavenotattemptedto revisethemanuscripts,becausewethoughtthatthe
thrust ofthe contents might shift ifchangeswere requested. Instead,the reader can
enjoytheunique,provocativequestionsandanswerspresentedduringthesessionsin
the"onsitediscussions"followingeachpaper.Onexaminingthebook,thereadermay
encounternewconcepts,aswellasratherunfamiliarorevendisputablepoints.Insuch
cases,the authors should be contacteddirectly.Itwould bemuch appreciatedifany
controversialissuescouldbereported to the Secretariat.
We cannot adequately express our gratitude to Dr. Mitsunada Sakaguchi, an
alumnusoftheSchoolofMedicine,KeioUniversity,forhisgenerousdonationwhich
made possiblethe creationofthe Keio UniversityMedicalScience Fund.Wearealso
VI
Preface VII
gratefulto the Committeeofthe InternationalSymposiafor LifeSciencesandMedi
cine for selecting the present topic as the 6th Keio UniversityInternational Sympo
sium.Wewouldliketotakethisopportunityalsotoexpressourdeepgratitudetothe
Symposium secretaries,Hiroshi Ohin,Junko Shimane,and SachikoHosokawa.They
havecopedwith atremendousvolumeofworkbefore,during,and after theSympo
sium, often under a very tight schedule. We all were impressed by their skill and
patience.
February2000
Yasuo Fukuuchi
MinoruTomita
Atsuo Koto
dor7.GregoryJ.del3.MayumiKajimura19.TimurD.Vlasov5.TetsuyaMatsuuraMichel32.Hiroyuki38.SuguruInao39.Nishimura45.David1.Wolf-DieterHeissJones58.JosephC.
6.PeterSanG.Hudetz1HallenbeckoKuroiwa2ristopherC.aharuSakoh44.TamikouesSeylaz557.Stephen
~~~ 1.RyuKurokawa2.IstvanSchiszler3.UlrichDirnagl4.GaryA.Rosenberg5.MakotoKaibara8.CostantinoIadecola9.MartinLauritzen10.RudolfGraf11.HisashiKitagawa12.AntalZoppo14.KortaroTanaka15.ToshihikoShimizu16.HiroyukiOtsuka17.MakotoSuematsu18.Johnc.20.JosephLaManna21.KennethMaiese22.KouichiOhta23.HaroldM.Swartz24.Toshihik26.HiroakiOoboshi27.IwaoKanno28.TakeshiHayashi29.ElmarBusch30.AtsuoKoto31.ChNakase33.JojiInamasu34.JohnH.Zhang35.HiroyukiOhshima36.HiroakiNaritomi37.Mas40.Sei-itsuMurota41.ShigeruNogawa42.MariaSpatz43.RumianaBakalovaNorioTanahashiW.Busija46.FerencBari47.EwaKozniewska48.ElisabethPinard49.OliverKempski50.Jacq52.YasuoFukuuchi53.LouisSokoloff54.MinoruTomita55.ShuChien56.PeterGaehtgensFenstermacher59.RajN.Kalaria60.WolfgangKuschinsky61.BarbroB.Johansson
Contents
v
Foreword
Preface VI
ListofContributors XVI
OpeningRemarks XIX
Part 1 Honorary Lecture
HistoricalReviewofDevelopmentsin the FieldofCerebralBloodFlow
and Metabolism
1.Sokoloff 3
Part 2 Endothelium,Mechanosensors,Glycocalyx
Mechanisms ofMechanochemicalTransduction inVascularCells
S.Chienand J.Y.J.Shyy .. .. ... 13
Ultra LongRange ForcesBetweenMacroscopicBodies
H.Ohshima 20
Roleofthe EndothelialSurfaceCoatinMicrovesselBloodFlow
P.GaehtgensandA.R.Pries ......................................... 25
Blood-Brain Barrier: Role ofBrainEndothelialSurfaceChargeand
Glycocalyx
B.B.Johansson ..................................................... 33
TheRole ofthe EndothelialSurfaceCoatinMicrovascularPermeability
C.C.Michel ........................................................ 39
x
