Table Of Content@ eoterenteryicemimentioms |
Seria. ect tina easton
sksuene fianls errant enan nea
meets pouty ones ein
letvatiessdw iliene
prysics
IS TIME AN
ILLUSION?
The concepts of time aud change may cmerge
from 8 universe that, at, root, is utterly static
Pay Grady Callender
via, arnt
Tie peso coment f% ici Ef val Tye ah
Hh uae FET whee Gee er det Cpale fat, yy Lente esse 0
‘ours, MMe asanen: dry, hie ge, va tt ar ute nase spoon
Fine inn noe eos awe Lime Ame te ana ta the
Exeten senaatPn yt
sl. Me ne A tition Fat the haan
nu Sebeses rest Shet ths Pa He 4 et a, Ls ere
leafed i imma oessent ago“ wmeyulseare wasn Les Eaieoroe
vis busines eta, icant nl seas me oe yz Toe a
or 8 inka &. and tiereone weiter Ee! Los ie
2 ol a Hl aievted in sdeaoe he AAs Abvt unis Rec
ema fg uf ahosies le vs Due seh site surges nu. ents Vee et vn,
Rents rs cosnoing sama eg ars Ty els opel onsen he aa Pa cares
a mnsy irna Re “70 ane Aare apse, ane 8a Ie “Tags ye ious ty
Tie srt moment ces get exist in en, hy Fa) Deve om pase 8 Tundemeeuale
Setieteicaion tn
he “ator fra ue use du Ue past Sl sat Ua key ten foward rf
Theyapherceen thescientle wider Seleping flat as his rvcnexpaah
sanding of sine and nr everday ne Gation of tn, As insite nurse hit
Ueretanding uf time hos troubled think> cama of unify or ivy will eae
fers throxgYouh Hisoes Ht tks vadeued ui melee they hve thal te
ss physics ave gradually sleoyed sgain cecil. Ls 2405 ~he Foundational
tinue of must af the atrfoutes we cam Question Ins tule TX sponsaal an
jnomtyaseMetw it Now lis Fit betes assy eoutest a= the rate tee
thetime ofphysier and Weliaw ufesve venable nto who of mecern ahve
ine i zebeting it lng conelusion, ieighe i. Maus Held cht a unied the
Fos many fr Uscwsoiail phasics have ny daserine a tireless sod, Oilers
come tobe!eve ial lie Risley ere Lal 3p get 4 oF tne, The one
‘oes net even Liu hey ere Sra tit ett
WITHOUT THINKING DEEPLY ABOULTINE, i a
PHYSICISTS MAY NEVER: MAKE PROGRESS:
ONA UNIFIED THEORY, =>77/, ~
Ue kewuty cea isintetly thinking ¢eeply tour tna, enorme on
fo tating “bat i is bs. aoe How it unbeaten reay ell be "aposs ble,
tule be coherent. Everythi we do, we
pine. the world feaseriesfeeenis THE RISE AND FALL OF TIME
rung thgecher bs lie avons can ate atau cinerea lion u:Giue
thatimvhairiserarg, dale cie mse, Savveulonad» witherbng sels ot denxo
and 50 03.185 Ser ange, sil range i dountbrnycoutti gen Tie hae mans
le savin owe priperties oth repeat» jhe ta dn pice, st a physio has
Time: Without ine, she world would he Sregresied, chee Jobe ive buen wt
fomoetly still. A iness Uhrory Ese sures ue by one.
Ile shells ul expt Bone oe gee Tear ous a fet, bet ae
change :fchewnld isl aly charging. Nesta’ hav nf miken require Cane 2
Recast reser" alenps 9 aeeidlubs ustas spec amine. AP ohasree
justia at, althongh te mig nol ese i pine agree on fe sequence
sob fvidauieal ove, it may sise at which vents yapoen, Na matter wien oF
vighe Teves as asa table fee solid whuro an event sci, dail ples
crea thong i a sarin of oanieles absotmes thas 00 can cllectively say
omnes! uusty ef erry space. ster wheter aspen bet, ater or na
lp iss eolestiye orcutenga pupsrtyof taneously wit anf her eet fe
‘epustices. Time, io,could beau ewer. yess Laue uence paeicen a eagle
en! peuvent of waters: Ihe base se onierigutal the events the orl. St
selene ust ae rwitavrigsehcolite- am abserver inde
This omespt of emcrgont time ie por pezdent few. Mtermore ne ast be
tential as sewculinry a hele. commie 9 thas wes cet define wy
ut of the theories of rein and ot ane on,
Of near ta pases eel a mace
Flewao that wean tel Sir aart
{ne eres are Fam ene an ie To
‘ial Olsen sprint Caan Bat eat ren
18504837 niles por 20ur Wwe ase =
havea sour thas ais kee
‘omer ents durations omer de
erden® Ties a Dare seh
ru gothensaparie ive and ten ace:
bask scheme ana In awa oe
tna has elapse fr Alice feel to
2mm of Line it his lps for Bob,
Insseenee, Newion pose sl Ue
vor mes eaRsped vhs unsier
eles He suukunicuer an ohsetiey
fares the rl ato Snseante 0 te
[Nevtuas pavetr see vo a eau
ths leek ane no eter. Neweam al
sional tele tnt dome etd that 8
Ae ives an atric
iretos ste nae, al uous ee
Uusttatures zene sols deuce by
evs,
‘Nests su ecem ad a9
noxe ut a: moma culetion reverts
sede, ouliualy, darcon, sine
floward escrow ane lise tach
able et they all sek tuyeior Hs te
luster clock tha! News om ula Un
his ase of featnes suseeeded
‘wel tal tats unas fo aon
“thes eameti asses oe abe eh
sesdearle 2th seutust emma
‘ork of Aatean sii Lui Bole
tau, sho reson Uhl, Imeseae Mew
on Tas work que wel gang
avd oW hada in it. time has 00
Ellin eve Insel te proposed that
(ed sUnetion beneean pasa nes
notin te but arse rom sy
metres hs Lie wise he urvere
‘sorgunac Alnwgh phys sll de
Tae the Cut thi grupo, Ho
mann some real plucke vay ane fe
tare ef estonia ne
‘inset mote the nent asia by
Ani a wi te em of abate
awn oetheates wemmury ego, ine Clases vine musk have a notien —reulansss? Arseny ois epee ta
Taniaieusikheoperettoy Somepslelssmtesscete xe versa inettindonental rete lk eam ming tem cm
Indios Reser auf he sud Higa Cras ik ine sal echow ghosts ketone Gen tse nae re nae
1 orig patie ermine cite eprene borhan ge wept
lean way ae ate Fp
vepbiseammnicnadteethns mated In Bows rset ai Pherphershe ceeds ins ens wee aes th
wemsekear tre (Ges Se achatnides lat ene spose tine Sore tht etstwrenarsomern pes
Tlow Time Is Not Like Space
paestine-chovm he ast 9
mensional block il al Lin a oI
coffe elas ey les te a >
sppetine em be siced up va
eee = These a sole ataeshe aa le,
nomic tbl sien com ato ot
seconds ssn om nbc kao
Exhale part pce paren fate tel tw aaa nto
econo gh sles pero Fhe shing ene dang ou
Pedesii hessiparee eure
ory often whal events sue bappeus ler neslnenesilcitions, chelate and Lat sre ace events
fnzal ue sane ime epereson howe ut niche warvihcsmeanmcats mea al, east universe ig oine>
yonaregoire. The tranarengofeverts is Tithen sesorces impossible wwe thel. an sional block. Reatviy appects7 spatial
fool ineor sce, bul Uieirunion:seare- event happened before rater anctler. ue Lane lo lta i ilo merely vue ote
time. Two observers moving aL differen General relativity wycialus steng dieetion within the lock Spacetime is
eloe ies agree ou wae aud vliere fuclios with Hue Eelish word "Une" The # ee? of ead Ghat goat ean slog in
sn evenl oveur, but they agree on its attaches to them: eworeinete-ime, prop- dieses says, walled ether “space” oF
spacetime Ineation. Space ad tine are er time, global time. Toyeler they per- “ezae* almost exoitrarly.
Secondory couceyls Ut, os malhewmale Tun cauy of We jobs Rewrtou’s siugle Yo even in genetal relay nen
iss letmtan Minkowsks, wh ba been time did, but incsiesally nore oF tiem talus distinct eax porta fiom
fore of Hinstent un'versity peofeserrs, sams Gorthy of the till, Fither the nam tht uf loxlkydstigushiny, oe
Jouucusly declaved, “ave doo to fade plusies does no Tisieu to Unaxe eds, mene “tie ane “spel tres
fav into mere shacows” ‘tdous, chose eloeks apply nny toscll ods, Tauele rated events ane hose
ings only gt so'se in TUES wth patetes of the nmverse or lo pesticular that ean bo custlly reed. An ofl vr
iusteink general Waewsy of selaivily, sLsecvors Aough stysiuiss leas fel signal ean pass fram anersen! lather,
Sch ealerds special elesving ta tua that x unlied Uncory will ave te lia i.Cueyeing wii isopens, Spaveliveelar-
ons where the foroe of gtavity qperaes. natarime,a food argument can be made ed vents are eawallyustelated Ny lye
Gewily distorts Ue, so Un. 2 secan’S Una tise was alway est by 1925 sn? or signal ean ger fom one nthe oe.
este here my uot mean Une ssie Usa ve jul te a ull ema to gals Blames, wuue nus sign €or
Shing asa seconds passage there. Onivin with yet catites the to drstoms, ye this minis
Tue c8506 iT possible te spnelisenlze ign ots gn effets. Observer dsarzee
Socks aud have diem stay spnetironizsd, TIME AS THE GREAT STORYTELLER ou (seven of spotelie ents, Bar
jeer in principle. You cannot geserslly vousr coop ws unt, cor You might be thay all wee en te ordzr of time
‘Siok of the wend as wuuldiss, Lek Ly tempted to think thatthe difixence he- eeemis. ome ebserv petceves that an
Sek weorliag wu singe time parkas Gowen sysue aud Ue hae nearly sone eveu er cause unr llolseeverssin.
Senta nesian soma #7
TIME MAY BEA-CONVENIENT FICTION THATNO MORE
EXISTS IN THE NATURAL WORLD THAN MONEY DOES:
1 my ow Her us BIL ae
‘a. 200% Leaploros wha thie Facute ef
tina: myeans, Imagine slicing up space-
tins Com tft: exch shoe 137
sD tatalifg at ayace save nga of
lau he su uf se es of pace
Baerelsec esoats is 2 spacctiere. al
ternatsely imagine loosing athe 60"
ideyags and sling up scoudinal.
Tron thes peampsctie, aah SW alicw
stargp amalaua ef wwuile dual ave
spooeliFevtlaisd Gu just ts inset
Sous} and. Uazeliketelated. These
wetheads ef siete aoe Tike caving 19 a
Tnatf bed athe. suri wt borin
laly Le foc ve raven pagel
‘Le last aceon famifar 10 physi
dsl, sl Wo mestion troviegoers, The
frames of w movie repress: ste at
spaertime thay stone spage al snbisaive
marr arts tu, Like hans
sho steady furs sun theslor ma prs
dict oat hapoans next, physicists eu
take 9 #ngle somplete spat sie aed
ernest Sat aa vi lee
Defenders of
Time's Flow
Fat alphyrcas ken
farsamaite reese Oneat te
mare gig alemetion idee
ce nalts developed by Ra
Sark and Davi leenueathe
Forester ois Hess ks
ipsesin rao Rsvoposcet atthe
‘wales sneferemn ctl a2
shih gras zene vent ome no
sso scercing to probable
‘ee. The roaeie a Ue poe
‘apre.ces tha este ssi
thesis tevin he lw
festa austin queria,
hou whether presse
oes te tha
sth ele thos C6,
Beret
svatiol alvse, simply by again, te
lays uplosies
‘ee aceoad meshes fein has 0
sini analog 1 coreaponds 0 earang
np spapetine cui vet pat vo futare bab
Guus aly wes. an ake nue
slise mighs be the oh all fn yo
house ine wha wi aren @9 Ua eal
into tote Zeoas dis slice st anol
tye ese nf pisses Za rewonat et
\avessb of our heme and ised ered
oe kre one Hise. “that eon
strange. it shernd “1 3 ol immediately
bons wheter Jhs las uf plssics “ub
va au ae oat
(extn of Ka lactey iene ioe
aphe Strran Wining” the Lanes be
sf Wateran have save, yt cat a Leh
insorieainp'e sions,
Agent Bou wethotle sie 22
posubl in prinvipl, hey we preronmnale
finoromt Tr the nosubd, pal ty fuse
icing, Ue dea sou ned m soll 9” =
‘Sion ae Gate cagy to cheain, Bor i
sluuse, sou meas the-nlnctie af
parties. The erly aa paztiele ne
Tosat en feindapa teal g Une yslociy af
partite scmestac: sie, raking Both of
them sraightrersard meat Bal
Treseegnd wilce eps Lek pre
les ae acl indepondet, they a he
atup in eee esi wenger ale asin
gleslioe nem? -ot suee 9 veemsimns:
alltioathers Vaseline he pene
exreme'y dhifiulh uusasraices et
‘grupo sais to gathes te lat you
need lbaaake matters ware iy ee
Giel eases, such a the one Cree ard
Wicinssin esse mole eva Cae
‘he tull space.
iva vers oesiae eens, time 9 the Ae
eel ital spuvrcmre in weieh gx
praliedion 'S presinie- the Aivee'em in
io oe ll ae ust alerts
cave te navi the waerse dn
pl setild i: space. eanfoks inte
QUANTUM TIME
love or uae miaenar caer md ys
iat ute genera eau Mua
‘mm merhaning predating a tgs tao
sy WeaLduaules toto the gravctnal ane
quan aspsets of manera q3etor
lisory of grey. One of the stumbles
shucks hasbeen ar qn my merhartet
regres tire oP exo pnopertse tl ee
‘ict has 1 ey sa ar
Quontiu enti ae tat ebfets
durse a ute ches wpertate af Fema
iors than 6° em pethy eephie Ar
ls cal am ig sels passant
losis. hel desrioion oa ie
‘ys auataetnatieal neti elle
Lsseacuru sete, Pristina enka er
‘ronal i sme, Tag sak ee
sie to clea“ Ue pcb vl ae
esperimeulst cutuome a: zy times me
eu au elzetron through a deco that
will deleet teithermp arden, quests
rmetharii ray nl eal bs ail
ceva iy whict. vu.eone ty eapeel. Ite
sea Ue guar state eve ne
prububifties of ertsomes: or ukaace. a
Denver chan its wlsteau wll weer
gsc ad 4, 56 patent chan
ee dos, Tos mates deserted
vita ieeatcal grartem slabs nse give
ferent uments, Ue ous 4 ea
Devimer re pobuliistie,
he tusory's praoabitise precenoms
rire time ta hae eevice. dssaues
Ferenc nals eae
ans posite euled de cannt 8H"
Tov Bando Lake atthe ott,
Nea dy ee satya difewnt mes Con
ecto 18 Uns en Ff Ht
rabaily o lanine ox cath of the ae
suubers 1a a9 39 6 UY BeZeET, OF
ee the omspep af poate wo at
he meaningful The prosaic ye up
ste tyne, got aa place Th same iar
1 Ce prubebiitiss or quantum partis
Uo uye a sun pusitian ormarentam,
Seaure. che campers one of qua
fou metersements aes a ula
Sanpese Tass ca clevtrra tee a le=
vise ashes it along the weal
Auretinn. tHe eng the hav zontal a
gale wonrerivun, L repeal Ly experi
iment, his time deTeuisy te ulscteon
Inova aly, eu see dl ne ae
jug ss exguas mementm again. Th
valu ace wl he eet ier
‘Tetee. acter lumi stale uve yoo
shies for all of sage ak eat
inne 1 the sate euevinpases a pai
partis ig ensucuring re pate kf
Saulauecusisaterts the ethene mate
Who Needs Time, Anyway?
Time saay to descr the pc
of alight he
ofmaton or change
fast ate boots, or hv
eran 1
gate pe
“Thus Some pits argue that irs sa common curren mk
ingthe word wsierta desta tat uring no independent en
tenes easing procesesin terms oft cl he i using
ony et the han tote tton gh ebyti
Spee pe
sioo
‘ohere it ie-leeting tae inéamions
apooky acon at a distance” shut 30
tuvubled Finstein about quantum ne
"aml, Tue reazon st otee Bim ss
tbat for the parties to rest ws cL sae
ek, heh relay expres ecb,
Atthougia some of these isucs are
controwerit thine in quantam mecha
lus is basically a thmweck to sme in
Newtonian succhanies. Vhysieist et
bout the absence of He in reat
ut peraupe ¢ wotse problem st cen
{rel rove of dine in guantin mecaanis,
Teisthedeep ceasom thar valfiaton has
sn so har,
pata
sem
WHERE DID THE TIME GO?
2 aRCK NEM wu neeeaFeh pgs
hae sotto race general cles
ty and quaniua meemanis: supers
acon, cause Pangutitien theory, na
curmmutative geomet, td mone. They
slit gly into ten groups, Physiils
‘sho thnk quattum mechanics rovices
lhe tsmer foundation, lise supertring
ests, ar tha Cul lowed tm
Tose wha heliee st general relativity
provides the beter sarting point begin
wil) & eure ia which Cm i area
lemoted and hee are mare ope othe
ia ofa tisies reat
1 be sure, the distietion between
tt hee pes
ull ete cee
ane anche witht
aking erent me
vee
21408 lone
pale
‘toorpeconie
jens
‘these Ara appwoshes is blurs. Super
Siri theorists have investiga te
lesa cherins Ty convey te ls pal
tem tha time poses Lil fens onthe
seoone! approach, The leading ieataate
of hie slzueny is Toap qualia sss
se2 “Atoms of Space and THe? hy Lae
Smolin, on page 91, which descends
fom a eseier program knowin as ee
soalee! quar srt
‘Canonical quanta erage emer
in she 1050s aed 960, when phys
resvnte Pines cguatons for gray
te same form 85 the equates far ees
romigmetsm. he Hes being Ua
same feces used to develon aqua
Tie one eter of eaealnians 8
peal urgunized st that 7 oan seine
Sometiiag eillee “tists and rate er
sting i lies wersulvs of te
fume af keeping Imnrk all ase a
tect relations Piet are able tor
pestly suamarine the workings of te
sivese in terms of phyrisal Tae that
play oct time Yer this eanverient fa,
shov'd not sk a uaty aie da
lime sa fusdamenta pattut tte wos
foreitare. Mey zn, mates Tie N=
tion every time you mr 70 ay em
ahougea Ibs ae invented plasrholécr
foe Une hinas we sls, nok semeete,
wee value bed of sell Sima, ine
ina o8 An ovlece phpe syatems 2
ne ether thon tryrg in gi ont
easly how z. lacie relates te base
ball But i su. be eonvestane fe
tion Usah ao mocv existe funcemestals
ia he nau word sa ony cues
Geng of dame a ls ep yead Lat
Ines «gd Aeal collard amas
oc ee it meyuecs quantum mesic
to be boroupily etsoudh. Comscer de
fan isease of Sellaayess eh Li a
is suspended harseen ile ad de, 18
rue hingng an te alte of a quantun
stile Tame esa yy of ins
zat becomes one or te athe sev a nes
creator omecqritaen! paces aes
plate. Revell, sheng’, n=l4 argue that
testa ube ei sever reset The
oor hing uy be dtc ih espa oi
sell tne celalive nautica i der,
ea ylaive 7 a second uma ose
Tela ne thing to sake te tng
thecats death depend onthe observe at
spceie! relative Ansa Ti her mene
surprising to rake whether i: con hap
ets seve as Ravel ogg low
ig esi rl i re
sr Heute iis sani
"onl tranicam pgs woekies
THE RECOVERY OF TIME
oa uta wee is fundamental tins
lees. SL Seems es sua it dvs hone
tie i Aan urgent cuests for anyone
‘spnsing tones quanta iy se
Daining eh Tie Wor cess len"pora
General eee, i, rks Nesnsian
ti, tuk at ews as mesons partial
subs at ve brake Nee
(onine Une ten gratis eke and ze
ive vel es Tow Tie eee De
fsquation Jasks oven those svsates
[Bustour andl Rivell ave cach sed
suxsestios be avy tie fora ea be
Huson tne al wt of mal
em, fim eaneweal qa g-R619 #
tend ntforss ore ese her
‘nam as sevicessea het gas
bask 9. Sh paper by Fatih poysiest
[NevilH Mew chat described th elision
Uetveen 9 ln aula sa cges
sion, To mode the jas syste, Mitt
spot nn squation sho lacks tinea
sssully applied any tn slic systems.
“He then divdod the gptem inta root
sams aie ued he: hsm mises as
{clue fie (ae atm. Remarkably te
alam, tele 0 the aveless, bess the
evdand simedepenien! wqsion of
{ghansim meeaes 8 Aine lon a ase
plays tc let sim. So ove theses the
fystia & wle Hs simeles, tae ine
‘dual pists arene, Hiden inthe ize
Joss oquaou “or aie tuel ete “=
tae for si subse,
Much the ste rks for suas
rai, a lau Kier the Uno
Gt Coke is Gerany, ollowing i te
ay alapocof Hh Suk ee Lver
tj of aiormia, santa Crug aa oles,
ange In he FOX eseus Ths wverse
vy he nes, ul if using bea
Ing tno plese, come of Use pes
rerveas leeks fare hers imeem:
fi thn tnelesmncs, Hr peeonve time
buauuse we ay by our very raters ue
of ose views
5 inleresing sc starting as Unis
eae lens wantiggmore the
ese ramnne als oe Broke ui) 9
Ivenms that serve a3 eos, a in Phase
cases. the theory makes np puobabilisie
predictions. Handling, those sitmstions
vellcake a fll qcantum theory of erty
aus deper euinking oF time.
isturcalls pages began wah Die
highly siete’ Line of experee the
‘ume afa fic pas «presen an ape
fume. They grag cismantle his
schism Sc ang of remains
Reseda sw serene thie trae
uf thought and tevoaatrast the te oF
taputienoe ror Le Gite of nononte
sua hse, wid sel may es
te -econst-uewed from & nebo oF ear
relations araoag piece fa ndamenta
seat wun
Fronch plllosvoher Masrise Mera
only ure Ut ine elf docs mt
ally vw and a iy asarest ow
TIME MAY EXIST ‘
ONWY BY. yr
BREAKING THE
WORLDINTO// #} |
SUBSYSTEMS
AND LOOKING
“KT WHAT,
TIES THEM |
TOGETHER. |
prudnet of ous “suerepttinuly pebiag
fw the river vetzess ofits anes” Taal
Js Uke salen ue buleve ime tows
esl of forge luge 2 put ourselves and
‘ou omneeicns Ure writ ve pe
ture, MesaunTonty mis speing of ou
isos eapurieee of Hn td ua
reuealy 20 oue ever gussscl thal bie
Ue tle mga se be expcine #337
5-07 Uno esnneetins. Time my eset
sly Dy brealog dav wus ist eabeys
tens exd Tooking a al is them to
gether. Tn this pietne, ohscal time
agen by vias nfo thing Ou
sels a separae ur: everything ee, IE
Felson! dueam Meron, Ge Rel
Fosse Joe! of Pata Ae 2,
Ne pe ne ag BA gn!
os Per onesie he Riya Tne
Ihde ie ty eee
Sieh Gail waite
en, anda
Sinimienee ge ts
(ee in iar tks 2
TasCeres es ice rg Teas cere
Mos 08
ety a he Dt Ui irate
om fie Ee Oust Me He
a
Giga ee os oe rigegeareaist
Serna
Bei eB Bai neon
“Saeed
ee Car vat
ene
