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IS 4873-2 (2008): Methods of laboratory testing of wood
preservatives against fungi and borers (powder post
beetles) : Part 2 Determination of threshold values of
wood preservatives against borers (powder post bettles)
[CED 9: Timber and Timber Stores]
“!ान $ एक न’ भारत का +नम-ण”
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
““IInnvveenntt aa NNeeww IInnddiiaa UUssiinngg KKnnoowwlleeddggee””
“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता हहहहै””ै”
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
IS 4873 (Part 2) : 2008
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Indian Standard
'METHODS OF LABORATORY TESTING OF
WOOD PRESERVATIVES AGAINST FUNGI AND
BORERS (POWDER POST BEETLES)
PART 2 DETERMINATION OF THRESHOLD VALUES OF
WOOD PRESERVATIVES AGAINST BORERS (POWDER POST BEETLES)
( Second Revision)
ICS 71.100.50
c
BIS2008
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
April 2008 PriceGroup3
Timberand TimberStoresSectionalCommittee, CED9
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (Part 2) (Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau ofIndian Standards, after the
draft finalized by the Timber and Timber Stores Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil
Engineering Division Council.
This standard was first published in 1968 and covered the methods for the laboratory testing of wood
preservativesagainstfungi.Detailsofpreservatives,methodsofpreservative treatment oftimber, etc,havebeen
coveredinIS401 :200I •Preservationoftimber- Codeofpractice (fourthrevision)'.Basedontheexperience
gained in the use ofthe standard, the first revision ofthe standard was brought out in 1993, additionally
incorporatingGloeophyl/um trabeum (Pers. ex. Fries) Murr.as atest fungi for preparation oftest culture.
In its present revision, the standard has been brought out in two parts in view of requests for
incorporationofmethodoflaboratorytesting ofwood preservatives against borers (powder post beetles). The
otherpartofthe standard is:
Part 1 Determinationofthreshold valuesofwoodpreservatives against fungi(secondrevision)
ThecompositionoftheCommitteeresponsible forthe formulation ofthis standard isgiven atAnnex B.
For the purpose ofdeciding whether a particular requirement ofthis standard is complied with, the final
value,observedorcalculated,expressingtheresultofatest oranalysis,shall be rounded offinaccordancewith
IS2: 1960'Rulesforroundingoffnumericalvalues(revised)'. The numberofsignificant placesretained inthe
roundedoffvalueshouldbe thesameasthatofthe specified value inthisstandard.
IS 4873(Part2): 2008
Indian Standard
METHODS OF LABORATORY TESTING OF
WOOD PRESERVATIVES AGAINST FUNGI AND
BORERS (POWDER POST BEETLES)
PART 2 DETERMINATION OF THRESHOLD VALUES OF
WOOD PRESERVATIVES AGAINST BORERS (POWDER POST BEETLES)
( SecondRevision)
1 SCOPE heartwood showing no abnormalities in structure or
rateofgrowthshallbeused. Eachtestsample shallbe
This standard (Part 2) lays down the method for
tested for starch content and those in which it is
the laboratory testing ofwood preservatives against
inadequate,shall be rejected (see Annex A).
borers (powderpost beetles) byexposing the samples
for four pairs of adult beetles or keeping them 3.2.2 Beforebeingtreated inthepreservative,thetest
alongwithmaterial infested with powderpost beetles samples shall be conditioned for two weeks at 25° to
attack. 30°C and 70 to 75 percent relative humidity to attain
an equilibrium moisture content of approximately
2 METHODOFTEST
15percent. Theendgrainoftheblocksshallbesealed
with paraffin wax or other suitable sealant before
The method determines the toxicity ofthe surface
treatment, inordertopreventunduepenetrationofthe
applied with wood preservatives to the powder post
preservative through the ends.
beetles (Lyetusspecies and Minthea rugieol/is).
Untreated control blocks shall be selected and end
The method is applicable to the tar-oil, water-borne
coated in a similar manner. The total number of
and organic solvent types ofwood preservatives. It
samples required foreach testshall be asfollows:
enables comparisons to be made between
preservatives which belong to anyone ofthe types, a) 10numberstobetreated inpreservative,ateach
since it is not possible to ensure that one test will concentration used;
accurately take into account thedifferent mechanisms
b) 5numbers to betreated withsolventonly; and
by which various preservatives operate under service
condition. c) 5 numbers ofuntreated control samples.
3 PRINCIPLE 3.3 TreatmentProcedure
A series ofdilutions ofthe preservative shall be
3.1 The principle ofthis test isto determine whether
prepared on a weight/weight basis. A minimum of
attack takes place, and adult subsequently emerge
fiveconcentrations, arranged abouttheexpected toxic
from samples ofsusceptible wood which have been
limit,shall be used. Inthe case ofa newpreparation
initiated in the preservative and exposed to the test
ofwhich the approximate toxic limit is unknown, the
insect for egg laying. Control test withwood blocks
ofsimilartypeswhich havebeentreated inthesolvent concentration should be inawidelyspaced geometric
series in the first test and a more closely graded
only, as well as with initiated test pieces, are carried
arithmetic series insubsequent tests.
out at the same time, both types ofcontrol material
beingalso exposedto the test insect foregg laying.
If the preservative is soluble in water, freshly
prepared aqueous solutions will be used.
3.2 PreparationofTestSamples
Preservatives that are insoluble in water shall be
3.2.1 The test samples shall bemade fromthetimber dissolved inavolatile liquidsuch asbenzene orother
ofsemul or rubber or mango and shall be ofsizes suitable solvents which has been shown not to leave
100mm x 40 rom x 12.5 rom. The test samples will a residue toxic to the test insects. The test samples
have the long axis parallel to the grain ofthe wood (10 percent concentration) shall be weighed and then
andthewidefacetangentialtothegrowthrings. These completely immersed for I min in the solution,
test samples shall then be open-piled and thoroughly treatment with the most dilute solution being carried
dried in a well-ventilated room. These shall not be outfirst. Aseriesoffivecontrol testsamples shallbe
dried inakilnor otherwise heated. Onlythose blocks treated in a similar way in the solvent employed for
which are clean, bright, free from knots and are of dilution ofthepreservative. ,'#
IS.4873 (Part2) :2008
If the preservative is in the form ofan oil-in-water bekeptalong withthe infestedsample forcontinuous
emulsion, thecontrol test piecesshall betreated inan multiplication ofthe beetles.
oil-in-wateremulsion whichhasthesamecomposition
The test samples shall be stored singly in glass
as the preservative, except that the toxic ingredients
containers provided with cambric (finely woven
are omitted.
cotton) cover, held in place with rubber bands to
It isessential to followthesamedipping procedure in reduce the risk of mite infestation. Test samples
detail in all tests as slight variation may influence per concentration, five untreated control samples
greatly the amount ofpreservative retained. and five treated with the solvent alone shall be
exposed individually to four pairs of beetles or
On removal from the treating fluid the surplus keeping them alongwith material infested with
liquid shall be quickly shaken offthe paraffin-coated powder-post beetles attack. The condition during
ends blotted on absorbent paper and the blocks the test shall be 25° to 30°C and 70 to 75 percent
immediately reweighed. The amount ofpreservative relative humidity.Whenall thebeetles are dead, they
taken up by the blocks shall be calculated from the shallberemoved.
rate ofthe liquid absorbed (weight after treatment
3.5 Examination ofTestSample
minus the initial weight) and the concentration of
the solution. The concentration ofthe preservative The samples shall be stored until emergence ofthe
shall be expressed as kilogrammes per cubic metre first generation ofadults from untreated control is
of exposed wooden block. Five blocks per in progress (6-8 months). After this has occurred,
concentration shall be selected in which the weight all the blocks shall be examined. Sample with no
of solution absorbed does not vary by more than exit holes shall be finally split with an axe to
15percent from the average absorption ofthebatch. ascertain whether live or dead larvae or tunnels are
The test samples shall then be dried, by passing air present.
at"a temperature ofnot higher than 30°C over them,
3.6 Evaluationand Reportingof Results
till all the control test samples treated in the solvent
only, have returned approximately to their initial The numberofsamples, treated and untreated, which
weight. contain exit holes shall be recorded, as well as the
numberoftreated sample without exitholes inwhich
All the test samples (including the five untreated livelarvae arefound.
controlsamples)shallthenbestacked inopenatroom
temperature for at leasta month. Thethresholdvalue(toxiclimit)shallbeexpressed as
the interval between the highest concentration at
3.4 Test Insects which the adult beetles emerged or live larvae are
found at the end of test and the concentration
Adults ofthe powder post beetles, Lye/us brunneus next highest in the series in which no adults
slephs or Minthia rugieol/is shall be used for the emergeandall larvaearedead. Theseconcentrations
tests and these shall be obtained from laboratory shall beexpressed as kilogrammespercubic metreof
cultures. wood.
For initiation ofculture, beetles are obtained from The concentration of treating solution found
naturally infestedwood stored outside, whichhaveto necessary to give these figures shall also be stated,
bebroughtandmaintainedinthelaboratory. Untreated as well as the diluents used and the interval between
timber such as semul/mango/rubber/bahera/dry impregnation oftreated samples and exposure to the
tapioccachips,whichserveasfeederwithstarch,shall infestation.
2
IS 4873 (Part2) :2008
ANNEX A
(Clause 3.2.1)
METHOD OFTESTING FORSTARCH CONTENT
A-I Forthesuccessful developmentofLyctusspecies A-1.2 Procedure
or Minthea rugieollis larvae it is necessary that
It should be ensured that the surface ofthe wood to
adequate quantity of starch be present in the
be tested is smooth and clean. The solution shall
wood. This can be assessed by a visual test given
be applied with a small paint-brush, preferably to
below.
an approximate radial surface, that is the narrow
A-I.l Reagent side of the block. After the lapse ofa minute or so,
starch grains which are stained blue-black, will be
A-l.t.1 Iodine Solution (0.5 percent)- Add0.5gof
clearly visible under a binocular microscope.
iodinetoasolution of1gofpotassium iodidecrystals
Only blocks containing abundant starch grains
in 5 ml of water and dilute this solution to 100 ml
indicated bydevelopment ofblue colour, are suitable
water.
foruse.
ANNEX B
(Foreword)
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Timber and Timber Stores Sectional Committee, CED 9
Organization Representativeis)
Inpersonal capacity(2989/D. 12th MainHALIIStage. SHRISHVAMSUNOER(Cha/mum)
Banga/ore-560008)
AndamanChamberofCommerce&Industries,Kolkata SHRIHARIslIKllArrAN
BambooandCaneTechnologyCentre.Guwahati PROJECTCOORDINATOR
BambooSocietyofIndia,Bangalore SHRIA.C.lAKslIMANA
DRK.A.KUSIIALAPPA(A/ternate)
CentralBuildingResearchInstitute,Roorkee DIRECTOR
DirectorateGeneralofCivilAviation,NewDelhi DIRECTORGENERAl
DirectorateGeneralofSupplies&Disposals,NewDelhi DIRECTORGENERAL
DirectorateofStandardization,NewDelhi DIRECTOR
Engineer-in-Chief'sBranch,ArmyHeadquarters,NewDelhi SHRIC.R.SAIIA
SIIRIN.B.SIIELAR(A/ternate)
FederationofIndianPlywood& PanelIndustry,NewDelhi SIIRISAJJANBHAJANKA
SECRETARY(A/ternate)
ForestDepartment,Bhopal PRINCIPALCIIIEFCONSERVATOROfFoRESTS
ForestDepartment,Raipur PRINCIPALCIIIEfCONSERVATOROfFoRESTS
ForestResearchInstitute,DehraDun DRS.S.NEGI
DRVIMAL K011llYAL(A/ternate)
IndianAcademyofWoodScience,Bangalore PRESIDE1'oT
IndianCouncilofForestryResearchandEducation,DehraDun DIRECTORGENERAl
IndianPlywoodIndustriesResearch&TrainingInstitute,Bangalore DIRECTOR
SHRIS.PADMANABIIAN(Alternate)
InstituteofWoodScience&Technology,Bangalorc DIRECTOR
DRR.V.RAo(Alternate)
KamatakaStateForestIndustriesCorporationLtd, Bangalore SIIRIV.PHIREMATH
SIIRIS.SIIIVAPRAKAsH(Alternate)
KeralaForestResearchInstitute,Peechi DIRECTOR
DRGNANAIIARAN(A/temate)
3
IS 4873 (Part 2) :2008
Representativels)
Organization
SHRJK.SANKARAKRISHNAN
KuttyFlushDoors& FumituresCoPvtLtd,Chennai
COLY.G.KRIsHNAN(Alternate)
MinistryofDefence,Gwalior DIRECTOR
SHRJH.C.PANT(Alternate)
MinistryofEnvironment&Forests,NewDelhi DEPlJlYINSPECTORGENERALOFFORESTS
RubberBoard,Kottayam DIREClUR
TimberDevelopmentAssociationoflndia,DehraDun SECRETARY
WlMCOLimited,Mumbai CHIEFExecurrvsOmcsa
Inpersonal capacity(606B,/Block.LllStage.UVCELayout, SHRJK.DAMODARAN
woe Road, Basaveshwaranagar. Bangalore-560079,
Kamataka)
BISDirectorateGeneral SHRJA.K.SAINI,Scientist'F'&Head(CED)
[RepresentingDirectorGeneral(Ex-officio)]
MemberSecretary
SHRJJ.RoyCHOWDHURY
Scientist'E'(CED),BIS
Timber Terminology, Conversion, Seasoning, Preservation, Grading and
TestingSubcommittee, CEO 9: 1
InstituteofWoodScience&Technology,Bangalore DRR.V.RAO(Conveners
AndamanTimberIndustries,Kolkata SHRJHARlSHKHAITAN
ASCUHicksonLimited,Kolkata SHRIRxnvAGARWAL
SHRI1.BASU(Alternate)
BoraxMorarji,Coil SHRlH.T.KAPADIA
SHRJS.RANGARAJAN(AIternate)
BuildingMaterialsTechnologyPromotionCouncil,NewDelhi REPRESENTATIVE
CentralBuildingResearchInstitute,Roorkee DIRECTOR
SHRJB.S.RAWAT(Alternate)
CentralMiningResearchStation(CSIR),Dhanbad DIREClUR
ControllerateofQualityAssurance,Kanpur DIRECTOR
DirectorateGeneralofCivilAviation,NewDelhi DIREClURGENERAl.
DirectorateGeneralofSupplies&Disposals,NewDelhi DIRECIURGENERAL
DirectorateofStandardization,NewDelhi DIRECTOR
FederationoflndianPlywood&PanelIndustry,NewDelhi SHRJJAYDEEPCHITLANGIA
SECRETARY(Alternate)
ForestDepartment.Bangalore PRJNCIPALCHIEFCoNSERVATOROFFORESTS
ForestDepartment,DehraDun PRINCIPALCHIEFCONSERVATOROFFORESTS
ForestDepartment,Gandhinagar PRINCIPALCHIEFCONSERVATOROFFORESTS
ForestDepartment,GovernmentofChhanisgarh,Raipur PRINCIPALCHIEFCONSERVATOROFFORESTS
ForestResearchInstitute(ForestProductsDivision),DehraDun SHRJV.K.JAIN
SHRJVIMALKOTHrYAL(Alternate)
ForestResearchInstitute(PathologyDivision),DehraDun DRA.N.SHUKLA
DRN.K.S.HARSH(Alternate)
ForestResearchInstitute(SystematicBotanyBranch),DehraDun DRS.A.S.BISWAS
DRSMERCHAND(Alternate)
ForestResearchInstitute(WoodAnatomy),DehraDun DR(SMT)SANGrrAGUPTA
DRP.K.PANDEY(Alternate)
ForestResearchInstitute(WoodPreservation),DehraDun DRSADHA'lATRlPATHI
SHRJAzMALSAMANI(Alternate)
ForestResearchInstitute(WoodSeasoning),DehraDun SHRJNIRMALUPIU1l
DRKISHANKUMAR(Alternate)
4
IS 4873(Part 2):2008
Organization Representativets)
GurditInstitute PrivateLimited,Dharwar SHRJYASHKARANSlNGU
HimachalPradeshState ForestCorporation,Shimla MANAGINGDIRECTOR
EXECUTIVED,REcroR(Alternate)
IndianCouncilofForestryResearchandEducation,DehraDun SHRJB.K.BHATIA
SHRJS.K.KOHLI(Alternate)
IndianInstituteofTechnology,NewDelhi SHRJG.S.BENIPAL
IndianPlywood IndustriesResearch&TrainingInstitute,Bangalore SIlRJK.SHYAMASUNDER
SHRJS.Z.M.KAMAL(Alternate)
IndianPlywoodIndustriesResearch&TrainingInstitute,Bangalore SURJK.C.MATHEWS
SHRJM.VENUGOPALNAIDU(Alternate)
IndianPlywoodIndustriesResearch&TrainingInstitute,Bangalore SHRJS.PADMANABHAN
SURIS.Z.M.KAMAL(Alternate)
IndianRubberWoodTaskForce,Kottayam SUR'C.BIlASKARNAVAR
SHRJV.J.MATHEW(Alternate)
InstituteofWoodScience&Technology(WoodProperties& Uses REPRESENTATIVE
Division),Bangalore
KarnatakaStateForestIndustriesCorporation,Bangalore SHRJV.P.H'REMATH
SURJS.SHrVAPRAKASH(Alternate)
KeralaForestResearchInstitute,Peechi D,RECTOR
REpRESENtATIVE(Alternate)
KuttyFlushDoors& FurnituresCoPvtLtd,Chennai SURJK.SANKARAKRISHNA
COLY.G.KRJSHNAN(Alternate)
MadhyaPradesh RajyaVanVikasNigamLtd,Bhopal SHRJA.K.DUBEY
MinistryofEnvironment& Forests,NewDelhi DRBIPrNBEHAR!
MinistryofRailways(RepresentedbyRDSO),NewDelhi DJREcroRGENERAL
NationalTestHouse,Kolkata D,RECTOR(PHYSICAL)
OfficeofDevelopmentCommissioner(Handicrafts),NewDelhi DEPlTlYDIRECTOR
RegionalResearchLaboratory,Jorhat DIREcroR
RubberResearchInstituteoflndia,Kottayam DIRECTOR
Sivakasi-ChamberofMatch Industries,Sivakasi REPRESENtATIVE
SouthernVeneers& WoodWorksLtd,Tillicherry SHRJP.K.HARJSS
U.P.ForestCorporation,Lucknow SENIORMANAGER
Inpersonal capacity(CiaAmericanConnexion,2/4.Phase1/ DRSATISHKUMAR
VasantVihar. DehraDun-248006, Uttaranchah
