Table Of Contentइंटरनेट मानक
Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information
Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न’ 5 तरफ”
Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru
“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”
IS 4041 (2006): Terminoloty for refractories [MTD 15:
Refractories]
“!ान $ एक न’ भारत का +नम-ण”
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
““IInnvveenntt aa NNeeww IInnddiiaa UUssiinngg KKnnoowwlleeddggee””
“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता हहहहै””ै”
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
/ndian Standard
TERMINOLOGY FOR REFRACTORIES
(First Revision )
ICS 81.080
Q BIS 2006
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
February 2006
Price Group 7
I
Refractories Sectional Committee, MTD 15
NATIONAL FCIREWORD
This Indian Standard (First Revision) which isidenticalwith ISO 836:2001 ‘Terminology forrefractories’
issued bythe International Organization forStandardization (ISO) was adopted bythe Bureau of Indian
Standards on the recommendation of the Refractories Sectional Committee and approval of the
Metallurgical Engineering Division Council.
This Indian Standard was originally published in 1983. This revision ofthe standard has been taken up
to align itwith ISO 836 by adoption, under dual numbering system.
Only the English language text inthe International Standard has been retained while adopting itinthis
Indian Standard.
The text of the ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as an Indian Standard
without deviations. Certain terminology and conventions are, however, not identical to those used in
Indian Standards. Attention is particularly drawn to the following:
a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they should
be read as ‘Indian Standard’.
b) Comma (,) hasbeen usedasadecimal marker whileinIndianStandards, thecurrent practice
isto use a point (.) as the decimal marker.
In this adopted standard, reference appears to the following International Standard for which Indian
Standards also exist. The corresponding Indian Standards which are to be substituted in its place are
listed below along with their degree of equivalence forthe editions indicated:
International Standard Corresponding Indian Standard Degree of
Equivalence
(1S 460 Specification fortest sieves:
(Part 1) :1985 Wire cloth test sieves
ISO 565 : 1990 Test sieves — (third revision) Technically
Metal wire cloth, perforated metal < (Part 2) :1985 Perforated plate test Equivalent
plate and electroformed sheet —
sieves (third revision)
Nominal sizes ofopenings
(Part 3): 1985 Methods of examination
[ ofapertures oftestsieves (thirdrevision)
The technical committee has reviewed the provisions of the following International Standards referred
in this adopted standard and has decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with this
standard:
International Standard Title
ISO 10081-1 Classification ofdense shaped refractory products — Part 1: Alumina silica
ISO 10081-2 Classification ofdense shaped refractory products— Part 2: Basic products
containing less than 7 percent residual carbon
1S4041 :2006
ISO 836:2001
Indian Standard
TERMINOLOGY FOR REFRACTORIES
( Fh-st Revkion )
1 Scope 006
I
alumino-silicate
This International Standard describes terms used in raw material composed primarily of alumina and silica
International Standards dealing with refractory materi-
als and products and that assist in the understanding
of the terms and the standards themselves. The de- 007
scriptions are those generally understood within the anti-oxidant
refractories industry and should not be taken as ab- metallic element or other substance added to a car-
solute definitions. bon-containing refractory (107) inorder to improve its
resistance to oxidation
[ISO 10060:1 993]
2 Terms and definitions
I
008
001
apparent porosity
abrasion
ratio of the total volume of the open pores (092) in a
surface wear of a material caused by the mechanical
porous refractory (107) to its bulk volume (018) ex-
action of moving solids
pressed as a percentage ofthe bulk volume
002 [EN 993-1:1 995]
acid refractory
refractory (107) containing a substantial amount of
silica which reacts chemically with a basic refractory
009
(009), a basic slag (121), a high alumina refractory
basic refractory I
(071 ) or alkali bearing components at high tempera- refractory (107) which may react chemically at high
ture temperature with an acid refractory (002), an acid
slag (121), an acidfluxoralumina
003
aggregate
NOTE Typical components are magnesia (080), cal-
grain
ciumoxide, chromite (037), spinel (123)f,orsterite.
constituent particle of a refractory (107) composition,
normally coarse insize
004 010
air-setting jointing material binder
air-setting mortar substance added to a non-plastic granular or fibrous
refractory cement material to give workability (139) and green
type OJjointing material (076) which hardens at am- strength (066) or dry strength (054) to the formed
bient temperature by a chemical bond (036) or a hy- material
draulic bond (073)
[ENV 1402-1:1994] 011
bloating
permanent expansion occurring when some types of
005 clay or refractory (107) are heated
alkali resistance
resistance of a refractory (107) to chemical deterio- NOTE Bloatingisusuallythe resultofthe formation of
ration following exposure to an alkali environment po~es.
1
I
IS 4041:2006
ISO 836:2001
012 020
block carbon monoxide disintegration
generally rectangular, refractory (108), usually of a breakdown of a refractory (107)caused by the depo-
larger size than a brick (014) sition of carbon resulting from the dissociation of car-
bon monoxide
013
[ISO 12676:–]
bond
connecting link between the constituent particles of a
021
refractory (107) producing coherency and strength
carbon monoxide resistance
resistance of a refractory (107) to carbon monoxide
014
disintegration (020) when exposed to carbon mon-
brick
oxide under specified conditions of atmosphere and
generally rectangular, refractory (108), with one di-
temperature
mension greater than the other two and of a size that
can usually be laid with one hand [ISO 12676:–]
015 022 ‘
-bulk ceramic fibre carbonization
buIk refractory ceramic fibre (USA) process of removing volatile components from a re-
ceramic fibre (026) in the as-produced state, before fractory (107)which has been either bonded or im-
ccmversion toother products pregnated with carbonaceous material such as pitch,
tar or resin, so as to retain the residual carbon
I
[EN 1094-1 :1997]
[ISO 10060:1993]
016
023
bulk density
castable ceramic fibre
ratio of the mass of the dry material of a porous re-
castable refractory ceramic fibre (USA)
fractory (107) to itsbulk volume (018)
ceramic fibre (026) with inorganic and/or organic
binder (01O)which maybe cast
[ISO 5016:1997]
[EN 1094-1 :1997]
017
bulk density (of a granular material)
grain bulk density 024
ratio of the mass of a quantity of dry granular material casting
to the total volume of its grains, inc luding the volume installing an unshaped refractory (136)of sufficient
of any closed pores (039) within the grains fluidity to enable itto be poured orpumped
NOTE Vibration (137), tamping or roddingmay also
[ISO 8840:1987]
be additionallyusedtoshapeandcompactthematerial.
018
bulk volume
sum of the volumes of the solid materials, the open
025
pores (092) and the closed pores (039) in a porous
ceramic bond
refractory (1”07)
bcmd (013) produced by sintering (120)or liquid for-
mation at high temperature
[1S0 5016:1997]
026
019
ceramic fibre
calcination
refractory ceramic fibre (USA)
heat treatment of a raw material prior to use in the
man-made mineral fibre suitable for use as heat-
manufacture of a refractory (107) for the purpose of
insulating material, containing less than 2 % in total
producing chemical or physical changes and elimi-
mass of-alkaline oxide and alkaline earth oxides
nating volatile ch~mically combined constituents and
volu~e changes [EN 1094-1 :1997]
2
IS 4041:2006
ISO 836:2001
027 033
ceramic fibre blanket ceramic fibre rope
.
refractory ceramic fibre blanket (USA) refractory ceramic fibre rope (USA)
flexible, normally needled, ceramic fibrous insulating ceramic fibre (026) which has been formed, with or
material, free of binder (01O), with nominally deter- without the addition of other filaments, wires or yarns,
mined dimensions into one or several types of rope, i.e. twisted, cabled
or lagging
[EN 1094-1:1 997]
[EN 1094-1:1 997]
028
ceramic fibre board 034
refractory ceramic fibre board (USA) ceramic fibre tape
substantially rigid flat sheet normally containing inor- ceramic fibre textile
ganic and/or organic binder (01O),,produced by a wet refractory ceramic fibre tape (USA)
process refractory ceramic fibre textile (USA)
ceramic fibre (026) which has been woven with or
[EN 1094-1 :1997] without the addition of other filaments, wires oryarns
[EN 1094-1:1 997]
035
029 ceramic fibre yarn
ceramic fibre felt refractory ceramic fibre yarn (USA)
refractory ceramic fibre felt (USA) ceramic fibre (026) which has been twisted into a
flexible, fibrous insulating material of nominally deter- continuous thread with or without the addition of rein-
mined dimensions, containing some proportion of in- forcing filaments
organic and/or organic binder (010)
[EN 1094-1:1 997]
[EN 1094-1:1 997]
036
chemical bond
inorganic or organic-inorganic bond (013) with hard-
ening by a chemical, but not hydraulic, reaction at
ambient or higher temperatures
030
ceramic fibre mat [ENV 1402-1:1 994]
refractory ceramic fibre mat (USA)
flexible, non-needled, ceramic fibrous insulating mate-
rial 037
chromite
[EN 1094-1:1 997] raw material containing a substantial amount of chro-
mium sesquioxide combined with other di- and tri-
valent metal oxides to form a cubic crystalline struc-
ture, and whose chemical composition is suitable for
use in a refractory (107)
031
ceramic fibre module 038
refractory ceramic fibre module (USA) chromite refractory
ceramic fibre (026) product formed into a unit used in chromite magnesia refractory
furnace construction chromite magnesite refractory
refractory (107) composed predominantly of chro-
mite (037) and containing greater than or equal to
032 30 YO by mass of chromium sesquioxide and less than
ceramic fibre paper 30 YO by mass of magnesium oxide
refractory ceramic fibre paper (USA)
flexible, fibrous insulating material, formed on a paper NOTE ISO 10081-2:— contains compositional data on
making machine chromite refractories.
3
IS 4041:2006
ISO 836:2001
039 044
closed pores corrosion
. pores that are enclosed within a refractory (107)and surface wear caused by the -chemical action of exter-
are not penetrated by the immersion liquid in the test nal agencies
specified in ISO 5017:1998
045 I
NOTE 1 Adaptedfrom ISO 5016:1997. crater
clearly defined hole in the surface of a brick (014)
NOTE 2 Inprinciple,these pores are those whichare not whose parameters, maximum diameter, minimum di-
connected tothe atmosphere, either directlyorvia one an- ameter and depth can be measured
other.
[ISO 12678-2:1 996]
040
closed porosity
ratio of the total volume of the closed pores (039) in 046
a porous refractory (107)to its bulk volume (018), creep .
expressed as a percentage of the bulk volume creep in Compression
isothermal deformation of a stressed refractory (107)
[EN 993-1 :1995] as a function of time
041 [EN 993-9:1 997]
coating
unshaped refractory (136) consisting of a mixture of
fine aggregate (003) and bond (013), supplied for
use with a higher water or other liquid content than a
jointing material (076) cb47
dead-burned
[ENV 1402-1 :1994] heat-treated raw material for a basic refractory (009)
rendering it more stable and less reactive to atmos-
NOTE 1 The principle bond may be ceramic (025), hy- pheric hydration or carbon dioxide
draulic (073), ~hemical (036) or organic (093). The mix-
ture is applied manually (with a brush or trowel), by
pneumatic ormechanicalprojection,bysprayingordipping.
048
NOTE 2 Other types ofcoatingcan be appliedto refrac-
tory components by specialized techn iques (e.g. flame or deflocculant I
deflocculating agent
plasma spraying) butthese are generally consideredas ad-
vanced technicalceramic materials ratherthanrefractories. electrolyte added to a material to produce dispersion
of fine particles
042 049
cold compressive strength deflocculated castable
cold crushing strength refractory castable (109) with a hydraulic bond
maximum load (applied under specified conditions at (073), with a minimum of 2 % by weight of ultra-fine
room temperature) divided by the area over which the particles (less than one micron) and at least one de-
load is applied, that a refractory (107) will withstand flocculafing agent (048)
before failure occurs
[ENV 1402-1 :1994]
[ISO 10059-1 :1992]
050
dense-shaped refractory prodwct
043
dense refractory
corner defect
refractory (107) with specific dimensions, having a
missing corner of a brick (014) defined by three di-
mensional measurements true porosity (133) df less than 45 ‘Y. by volume
[EN 993-1 :1995]
[ISO 12678-2:1 996]
I
IS 4041:2006
ISO 836:2001
051 058
doloma fines
. intimate mixture of calcium and magnesium oxides small-sized fraction of a mixture of particles used in
produced by calcination of the naturally occurring or the manufacture of a refractory (107)
synthetic mixed carbonate or hydroxide
NOTE The term “dolomite”is sometimes used to de- 059
scribe doloma material but is the correct term for naturally fireclay refractory
occurringuncalcined rock. firebrick
refractory (107) composed predominantly of alu-
052 mino-silicate (006) containing greater than or equal
doloma refractory to 30 Y. and less than 45 ‘Yo by mass of aluminium
refractory (107) composed predominantly of doloma oxide
(051)
NOTE AdaptedfromISO 10081-1:—.
NOTE ISO 10881-2:— contains compositionaldata on
doloma-containing refractories. 060
firing
053 heat-treatment of a shaped-refractory (107)
dry mix
dry vibratable refractory (U8A) 061
unshaped refractory (136) specially designed to be flint clay
placed inthe dry state by-vibration (137) or ramming hard “flint-like naturally occurring kaolinitic material
(104) showing conchoidal fracture which is practically de-
void of natural plasticity
[ENV 1402-1:1 994]
062
NOTE During placing a dry mix reaches maximum forsterite
compaction and itbecomes possibleto remove the former magnesium orthosilicate, often naturally occurring,
either before or after heating. The material may include a
with a chemical composition suitable for use as a re-
temporary bondbutiteventuallyhasaceramic bond (025).
fractory (108) raw material
063
forsterite refractory
054
refractory (107) composed predominantly of for-
dry strength
sterite (062) and containing greater than 40 % by
mechanical strength of a shaped and dried, but un-
mass of magnesium oxide
fired, refractory (107)
NOTE Adapted fromISO 10081-2:—.
055
edge defect
064
missing edge of a brick (014) or block (012) defined
fused grain refractory
by three dimensional measurements
refractory (107) made predominantly from grain that
has solidified from a fused or molten condition
[ISO 12678-2:1996]
065
056
granulometric class
erosion
mesh width of the finest sieve through which 95 % by
surface wear of a refractory (107) caused by the me-
mass of an unshaped refractory (136) material
chanical action of a fluid, whether or not it contains
passes
solid material
[ENV 1402-1:1 994]
057
fin
NOTE The sieve referred to is in accordance with
thin layer of material on a face of a brick (014) or
ISO 565:1990.
block (012) that projects beyond the edge
[ISO 12678-2:1 996]
