Table Of ContentIP Multicast, Volume II
Advanced Multicast Concepts and
Large-Scale Multicast Design
Josh Loveless, CCIE No. 16638
Ray Blair, CCIE No. 7050
Arvind Durai, CCIE No. 7016
Cisco Press
800 East 96th Street
Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA
ii IP Multicast, Volume II
IP Multicast, Volume II
Advanced Multicast Concepts and Large-Scale
Multicast Design
Josh Loveless, Ray Blair, and Arvind Durai
Copyright© 2018 Cisco Systems, Inc.
Published by:
Cisco Press
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1 18
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017962613
ISBN-13: 978-1-58714-493-6
ISBN-10: 1-58714-493-X
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iii
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iv IP Multicast, Volume II
About the Authors
Josh Loveless, CCIE No. 16638, is a systems engineering manager for Cisco Systems.
He has been with Cisco since 2012, providing architecture and support services for
tier 1 service providers as well as for many of Cisco’s largest enterprise customers,
specializing in large-scale routing and switching designs. Prior to joining Cisco, he spent
15 years working for large service providers and enterprises as both an engineer and an
architect, as well as providing training and architecture services to some of Cisco’s
trusted partners. Josh maintains two CCIE certifications, Routing and Switching and
Service Provider.
Ray Blair, CCIE No. 7050, is a distinguished systems engineer and has been with Cisco
Systems since 1999. He uses his years of experience to align technology solutions with
business needs to ensure customer success. Ray started his career in 1988, designing
industrial monitoring and communication systems. Since that time, he has been involved
with server/database administration and the design, implementation, and management of
networks that included networking technologies from ATM to ZMODEM. He maintains
three CCIE certifications in Routing and Switching, Security, and Service Provider
(No. 7050), and he is also a Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP),
and a Certified Business Architect (No. 00298). Ray is coauthor of three Cisco Press
books, Cisco Secure Firewall Services Module, Tcl Scripting for Cisco IOS, and IP
Multicast, Volume 1. He speaks at many industry events and is a Cisco Live distinguished
speaker.
Arvind Durai, CCIE No. 7016, is a director of solution integration for Cisco Advanced
Services. Arvind is a chief architect for advanced services for the West Enterprise
Region, an organization of around 100 consultants focused on customer success
for approximately 150 enterprise accounts. Over the past 18 years, Arvind has been
responsible for supporting major Cisco customers in the enterprise sector, including
financial, retail, manufacturing, e-commerce, state government, utility, and health care
sectors. Some of his focuses have been on security, multicast, network virtualization,
data center enterprise cloud adoption, automation, and software-defined infrastructure,
and he has authored several white papers on various technologies. He has been involved
in multicast designs for several enterprise customers in different verticals. He is also
one of the contributors to the framework for the Advanced Services Multicast Audit
tool, which helps customers assess their operational multicast network to industry
best practices. Arvind maintains two CCIE certifications, Routing and Switching and
Security, and also is a Certified Business Architect. He holds a bachelor of science degree
in electronics and communication, a master’s degree in electrical engineering, and a
master’s degree in business administration. He has coauthored four Cisco Press books:
Cisco Secure Firewall Services Module, Virtual Routing in the Cloud, Tcl Scripting for
Cisco IOS, and IP Multicast:, Volume 1. He has also coauthored IEEE WAN smart grid
architecture and presented in many industry forums, such as IEEE and Cisco Live.
v
About the Technical Reviewers
Nick Garner, CCIE No. 17871, is a solutions integration architect for Cisco Systems.
He has been in Cisco Advanced Services, supporting customers in both transactional
and subscription engagements, for 8 years. In his primary role, he has deployed
and supported large-scale data center designs for prominent clients in the San
Francisco Bay Area. His primary technical focus, outside of data center routing and
switching designs, has been security and multicast. Prior to joining Cisco, Nick worked
for a large national financial institution as a network security engineer. Nick maintains
two CCIE certifications, Routing and Switching and Security.
Yogeshwaran Raghunathan, CCIE No. 6583, is a senior solutions integration architect
on the Advanced Services team at Cisco Systems. Yogi holds an MBA and an engineering
degree in electronics and communication from CIT (Coimbatore, India). He has 22 years
of experience working in the networking industry, 17 of them with Cisco Systems,
supporting various service providers in North America. Yogi’s hands-on experience in
building and supporting large service provider networks has exposed him to complex
MPLS architectures, thus enabling different perspectives on the new world of SDN and
MPLS deployment. Yogi has in recent years been involved in design, implementation, and
planning for large web provider networks. He can be reached at yraghuna@cisco.com.
vi IP Multicast, Volume II
Dedications
This book is dedicated to my wonderful family and to all my friends who have
s upported my career throughout many difficult years.—Josh Loveless
This book is dedicated to my wife, Sonya, and my children, Sam, Riley, Sophie,
and Regan. You guys mean the world to me!—Ray Blair
This book is dedicated to my parents and family for their support and
blessings.—Arvind Durai
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Acknowledgments
Josh Loveless: A special thank you goes to my coauthors, Ray Blair and Arvind Durai,
for the great work they have done completing this two-volume set on IP Multicast.
I would also like to thank the technical reviewers, Yogi and Nick, and all the editors
at Pearson for all the tireless work they put into making this book pop!
Ray Blair: As with everything else in my life, I thank my Lord and Savior for his faithful
leading that has brought me to this place. Thank you, Josh and Arvind, for partnering in
this endeavor, Nick and Yogi for your excellent reviews, and Pearson for your support.
Arvind Durai: Thank you, Monica and Akhhill, for your continuous support and
patience that helped me complete my fifth book.
Thank you, Ray and Josh, for making this journey of writing IP Multicast, Volume 1 and
Volume 2 a joyful ride.
A special thanks to Brett Bartow, Yogi Raghunathan, and Nick Garner for your valuable
contributions.
As always, thank you, God, for giving me guidance, opportunity, and support in all my
endeavors!
viii IP Multicast, Volume II
Contents at a Glance
Introduction xiv
Chapter 1 Interdomain Routing and Internet Multicast 1
Chapter 2 Multicast Scalability and Transport Diversification 99
Chapter 3 Multicast MPLS VPNs 137
Chapter 4 Multicast in Data Center Environments 207
Chapter 5 Multicast Design Solutions 237
Chapter 6 Advanced Multicast Troubleshooting 283
Index 327
ix
Contents
Introduction xiv
Chapter 1 Interdomain Routing and Internet Multicast 1
Introduction to Interdomain Multicast 1
What Is a Multicast Domain? A Refresher 6
PIM Domain Design Types 14
Domains by Group, or Group Scope 14
Domains by RP Scope 16
Overlapping Domains and Subdomains 17
Forwarding Between Domains 19
Autonomous System Borders and Multicast BGP 22
Configuring and Verifying MBGP for Multicast 25
Domain Borders and Configured Multicast Boundaries 32
Multicast Source Discovery Protocol 38
Understanding Source Actives (SA) and MSDP Mechanics 47
Configuring and Verifying MSDP 50
Basic MSDP Deployment Use Case 56
Intradomain versus Interdomain Design Models 62
Intra-AS Multidomain Design 62
Inter-AS and Internet Design 72
Protecting Domain Borders and Interdomain Resources 82
Firewalling IP Multicast 83
Controlling Domain Access through Filtering 84
Service Filtering at the Edge 87
Interdomain Multicast Without Active Source Learning 88
SSM 88
IPv6 with Embedded RP 90
Summary 97
References 97
Chapter 2 Multicast Scalability and Transport Diversification 99
Why Is Multicast Not Enabled Natively in a Public Cloud Environment? 99
Enterprise Adoption of Cloud Services 99
Cloud Connectivity to an Enterprise 101
Virtual Services in a Cloud 103
Service Reflection Feature 105