Table Of ContentEAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing
Rahul K. Kher · Chirag Paunwala ·
Falgun Thakkar · Heena Kher ·
Mita Paunwala · Prasan Kumar Sahoo ·
Latif Ladid Editors
IoT Applications
for Healthcare
Systems
EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication
and Computing
SeriesEditor
ImrichChlamtac,EuropeanAllianceforInnovation,Ghent,Belgium
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Rahul K. Kher • Chirag Paunwala • Falgun
Thakkar • Heena Kher • Mita Paunwala
Prasan Kumar Sahoo • Latif Ladid
Editors
IoT Applications for
Healthcare Systems
Editors
RahulK.Kher ChiragPaunwala
G.H.PatelCollegeofEngineering& SarvajanikCollegeofEngineering&
Technology(GCET) Technology(SCET)
VallabhVidyanagar,Gujarat,India Surat,Gujarat,India
FalgunThakkar HeenaKher
G.H.PatelCollegeofEngineering& A.D.PatelInstituteofTechnology(ADIT)
Technology(GCET) NewVallabhVidyanagar,Gujarat,India
VallabhVidyanagar,Gujarat,India
MitaPaunwala PrasanKumarSahoo
C.K.PithawalaCollegeofEngineering& DepartmentofComputerScienceand
Technology(CKPCET) InformationEngineering
Surat,Gujarat,India ChangGungUniversity
Guishan,Taiwan
LatifLadid
UniversityofLuxembourg DepartmentofNeurology
Luxembourg,Luxembourg ChangGungMemorialHospital
Linkou,Taiwan
ISSN2522-8595 ISSN2522-8609 (electronic)
EAI/SpringerInnovationsinCommunicationandComputing
ISBN978-3-030-91095-2 ISBN978-3-030-91096-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91096-9
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Preface
Healthcaresystemshaveevolveddramaticallyintherecentyears.Onceconsidered
to be a very sophisticated and costly affair, health monitoring systems have now
become very handy and affordable. For example, a couple of decades back to
have an ECG recording of a person would require a huge effort in terms of
approaching a physician to preparation of equipment, placement of electrodes
and displaying the signal on paper. Nowadays, recording and monitoring vital
parameters like heartbeats, SpO2, blood sugar or even ECG/ EEG can be done
very easily using wearable, low-cost yet accurate devices and that too without
consulting a physician! The miniaturization has made it possible to integrate such
devices/apps on mobiles or even in smart watches. Internet of Things (IoT) is
another revolutionary technology that has incorporated smartness in human lives.
The IoThas made itpossibletorecordand monitor thehealth parameters without
personally visiting the physician. This book aims to amalgamate the IoT and
healthcare domains. It is a compilation of research on how various applications
of IoT have made the healthcare systems more enriching and fruitful in terms of
technologicalandmedicaladvancements.
Chapter1summarizestheapplicationsoftheInternetofMedicalThings(IoMT)
forbothbody-centricandobject-centricapplicationsinthemedicalfieldalongwith
the identification of potential research issues and future directions. The chapter
also focuses on the generic IoMT framework adopted by several researchers and
thehealthcareindustrycomprisingoflayersforthedataacquisition,transmission,
computation,managementandanalysis.
Chapter 2 lists the challenges of IoT and AI in the new way of living during
pandemic, which is also known as the era of new normal. The current COVID-19
outbreak has led to the Healthcare IoT (H-IoT), which can provide an automatic
solutionformonitoring.Therefore,IoTdataisextremelycrucialtobeanalysedfor
monitoringpeopleduringpandemic.
Chapter3presentsbasicarchitectureofthehealthcaremonitoringsystembased
onIoTsystemandLinkItONEMicrocontrollerboard.Thecompletedesignlayout
v
vi Preface
with the various protocols used in the overall design has been explained. Amazon
AWS platform is used for our middleware design. Attempt has been made to
develop the result with MediaTek Cloud Sandbox (MCS) service platform-based
middleware.
Chapter 4 presents the development of efficient non-invasive approach with
continuous monitoring support where real-time blood glucose values are stored
on Internet-Medical-Things (IoMT) framework for proper diabetes management.
It proposes NIR-based optical approach for glucose prediction. The prediction of
glucoseisdonewiththehelpofsupportvectorregression(SVR)model.Thereal-
time prediction has been achieved by implementation of SVR module on FPGA
platform.
Chapter5presentstheusefulnessofIoTinhealthcaremonitoring.PriortoIoT,
patient’scommunicationswithdoctorswererestrictedtovisits,orinformoftextor
telephonicmodes.IoT-enableddeviceshavemadeitpossibletomonitorremotely.It
hasalsoimprovedpatients’rateofsatisfactionasconsultingphysicianshasbecome
easier and more effective. Additionally, monitoring the patient’s health remotely
reduces the duration of hospital stay and stops readmissions. IoT also has a key
influenceondroppinghealthcareexpensesgreatlyandimprovingtreatmentresults.
Chapter6addressese-healthcarechallengesandtheirpossiblesolutionsinthe
ruralregionsofSouthAsia.Whereasthee-healthcaresegmentindevelopednations
isatremendoussuccess,ithasnotbeenthatefficaciousforthedevelopingnations’
rural parts. One of the major challenges, amongst other, is the population in this
region – particularly in the countries like India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Thailand
and Malaysia. Technology wise, poor Internet connectivity is the biggest issue in
the region. People’s perception towards e-healthcare/ telemedicine also plays an
importantroleinitssuccess.
Chapter 7 discusses several techniques and decision policies to dynamically
decidecomputationoffloadingforsmartdevices.Itadoptsabinaryoffloadingpolicy
sothateachtaskofthesmartdeviceisexecutedonboardorcompletelyoffloadedto
theEdgeServer.Thealgorithmsjointlyoptimizethedensenetworkofdevicesand
reducetheoveralllatencyandincreasethebatterylifetime.
Chapter8attemptstobringintonoticethecommonoccurrencesfoundinnature
and how they get modelled via change and frequency. While deciphering the data
thatisreceivedfromtheIoT,weoftenareunabletodetectpatterns,forecastfuture
eventsorsimplyidentifykeyoscillationsthatoccurinthedatainthetimedomain.
To solve this problem, authors dive into the frequency domain which takes into
considerationthepresenceofcyclesofstatesandeventsinthedata.Thespreadof
COVID-19inIndia,BrazilandtheUSA,throughtimeseriesandspectrumanalysis,
hasbeenanalysed.
VallabhVidyanagar,Gujarat,India RahulK.Kher
Surat,Gujarat,India ChiragPaunwala
Preface vii
VallabhVidyanagar,Gujarat,India FalgunThakkar
NewVallabhVidyanagar,Gujarat,India HeenaKher
Surat,Gujarat,India MitaPaunwala
Taoyuan,Taiwan PrasanKumarSahoo
Luxembourg,Luxembourg LatifLadid
Contents
InternetofMedicalThings:ApplicationsandResearchIssuesin
HealthcareMonitoring .......................................................... 1
SulagnaMohapatraandPrasanKumarSahoo
Role of Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence in
COVID-19PandemicMonitoring.............................................. 33
DjeaneDeboraOnthoni,PrasanKumarSahoo,andGoneNeelakantam
Design of LinkIt ONE-Based IoT System with Middleware
ArchitectureforHealthcareMonitoring ...................................... 51
Kanchan Kumari, Shubham Pandey, Pritesh Kethele, Sankita Patel,
ShwetaShah,andUpenaDalal
FPGA Implementation of Multivariate Support Vector
RegressionforNon-invasiveBloodGlucoseEstimationUsing
IoMTFramework................................................................ 77
AmitM.Joshi,KordanaDivya,HemlataChhajed,andRakamSaiKamal
IoT–ANewParadigmforHealthcareMonitoring.......................... 91
RahulK.Kher,HiralChauhan,andAmitMistry
e-HealthcareChallenges:ScenarioinRuralRegionsofSouthAsia........ 105
RahulK.KherandAmitMistry
ComputationOffloadingforSmartHealthcareApplications............... 121
AshwiniKumarJhaandTanmayPawar
ChangeandPeriodicEvents:RelevancetothePandemic................... 137
KirtanaSunilPhatnaniandHemantA.Patil
Index............................................................................... 153
ix
Internet of Medical Things: Applications
and Research Issues in Healthcare
Monitoring
SulagnaMohapatraandPrasanKumarSahoo
1 Introduction
Currently, the Internet of Things (IoT) is in much demand to build up a complete
digitalization world in the application field of healthcare, transport, insurance,
manufacturing, government, agriculture, and public utilities [1]. The new era of
the IoT influences the quality of life in various ways by generating meaningful
insights,increasingproductivityandminimizingunnecessaryexpenditure[2].Inan
IoTenvironment,heterogeneoussmartdevicesconnectthroughsensorsandoperate
collaborativelyinanintelligentway.TheIoTdevicescanbelinkedwiththeexisting
Internet infrastructure for providing valuable information by integrating through
different domains, protocols, and applications. With the help of IoT, anything
is connected and any information or service can be accessed from anywhere
seamlessly about humans, objects, time, and space. The primary goal of IoT is to
providethebenefitsoftheInternetintermsofremotecontrolability,datasharing,
constant connectivity, and many more. The novel perspective of IoT interconnects
physical objects, substances, and humans together by creating collaborative ways
of functioning, communicating, interacting, alerting, and controlling [3]. A strong
collaboration among physical-world object with the cyber world is established
S.Mohapatra
DepartmentofComputerScienceandInformationEngineering,ChangGungUniversity,
Guishan,Taiwan
e-mail:[email protected]
P.K.Sahoo((cid:2))
DepartmentofComputerScienceandInformationEngineering,ChangGungUniversity,
Guishan,Taiwan
DepartmentofNeurology,ChangGungMemorialHospital,Linkou,Taiwan
e-mail:[email protected]
©TheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2022 1
R.K.Kheretal.(eds.),IoTApplicationsforHealthcareSystems,EAI/Springer
InnovationsinCommunicationandComputing,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91096-9_1
