INVESTIGATION ON THE ROOT CAUSES OF HIGH LOADING AT THE ANCHOR POINT OF HIGH ...

814 Pages·2015·7.24 MB·English

INVESTIGATION ONTHE ROOTCAUSES OFHIGHLOADINGAT THE
ANCHORPOINT OFHIGHPRESSURE STEAM PIPINGONPIPERACK
YAPThaiMeng
A projectreport submittedinpartialfulfilmentofthe
requirements for the awardof Master ofEngineering
(Mechanical)
LeeKong ChianFacultyofEngineeringandScience
UniversitiTunkuAbdulRahman
April2015

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The copyright of this report belongs to the author under the terms of the
copyright Act 1987 as qualified by Intellectual Property Policy of Universiti Tunku
Abdul Rahman. Due acknowledgement shall always be made of the use of any
material containedin,orderived from,thisreport.
©2015,YAPThaiMeng.Allrightreserved.
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Speciallydedicated to
mybelovedwife, parents, andparents-in-law
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank everyone who had contributed to the successful completion of
this project. I would like to express my gratitude to my research supervisor, Dr.
WANG Chan Chin for his invaluable advice, guidance and his enormous patience
throughoutthe development ofthe research.
Inaddition,Iwouldalsoliketoexpressmygratitudetomylovingwife,parent,
friends,colleagues andsuperiors who had helpedandgiven me encouragement...
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INVESTIGATION ONTHE ROOTCAUSES OFHIGHLOADINGAT THE
ANCHORPOINT OFHIGHPRESSURE STEAM PIPINGONPIPERACK
ABSTRACT
The root causes of high loading at the anchor point of high pressure steam piping was
studied. Subsequently, this research investigated possible approaches to reduce the
loading at anchor point. Several factors like pipe materials, pipe supports, and the
piperackstructurewerestudiedtoinvestigatetherootcause.Possiblemethodtoreduce
the anchor load by considering the factors of thermal expansion for different pipe
materials, friction at the contact surface between pipe support and piperack, locations
ofpipesupportandanchorpoints,anddifferenttypesofexpansionloopwerestudied.
Investigation results showed that the loading on anchor points was reduced
significantly (by 20% ~ 30%) when the values of friction coefficient at the contact
surface between pipe support and piperack become smaller (from 0.3 become 0.15 ~
0.05)andadjustmentsontheparticulardimensionofexpansionloop.Reductioninthe
anchor load on piperack had also reduced the cost of the piperack structure due to
reductioninitsbeam size.
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TABLE OFCONTENTS
DECLARATION ii
APPROVAL FOR SUBMISSION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi
ABSTRACT vii
TABLE OFCONTENTS viii
LISTOFTABLES x
LISTOFFIGURES xii
LISTOFSYMBOLS/ ABBREVIATIONS xiv
LISTOFAPPENDICES xv
CHAPTER
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Objectives 2
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3
2.1 Introduction 3
2.2 HighPressure SteamPipingonPiperack 5
2.3 Relevant Literatures 5
3 METHODOLOGY 9
3.1 Research Method 9
3.2 SensitivityAnalysis OnDesignParameters 10
3.2.1 CurrentDesign as Base Case Model 12
3.2.2 Influence ofPipe Materials 13
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3.2.3 Influence ofPipe Supports– FrictionCoefficient 14
3.2.4 Influence ofPiperack SupportSpan 14
3.3 Possible Approaches toReduce the Loading 15
3.3.1 Thermal ExpansionforDifferentPipe Materials 16
3.3.2 FrictionCoefficient 16
3.3.3 Locations ofPipe Supportand AnchorPoint 18
3.3.4 StructuralDesignofExpansionLoop 19
4 RESULTSAND DISCUSSION 24
4.1 Results andObservations 24
4.2 AnalyticalResults 24
4.3 OptimalDesign 29
4.4 Piperack BeamDesignforCostReduction 38
5 CONCLUSIONAND RECOMMENDATIONS 42
5.1 Conclusions 42
5.2 Recommendations 43
5.3 Precautions 44
REFERENCES 46
APPENDICES 48
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LISTOFTABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGE
Table 3.1:Units inCAESAR IIPipingStress Analysis 11
Table 3.2:Base Case –Forces onAnchorPointat BothEnd 13
Table 3.3: Different Pipe Material - Forces on Anchor Point at
BothEnd 13
Table 3.4: Different Pipe Support (Friction Coefficient) - Forces
onAnchorPoint at BothEnd 14
Table 3.5: Different Piperack Support Span - Forces on Anchor
Point at BothEnd 15
Table 3.6:ThermalExpansionforDifferentPipe Materials 16
Table 3.7: Influence of Friction Coefficient - Forces on Anchor
Point at BothEnd 17
Table 3.8: Location of Pipe Support and Anchor Point - Forces on
AnchorPointat BothEnd 18
Table 3.9: Dimension of “A”, Adjustment of Size for Expansion
Loop–Forces onAnchorPointat BothEnd 20
Table 3.10: Dimension of “B” and “C”, Adjustment of Size for
Expansion Loop - Forces on Anchor Point at Both
End 21
Table3.11:Dimensionof“D”,AdjustmentofHeightforModified
ExpansionLoopwith90DegreeElbow-Forceson
AnchorPointat BothEnd 22
Table 4.1: Changes on Magnitude of Forces due to Different
Factors 28
Table 4.2:StressAnalysis ResultsofOptimisedModel 30