Table Of ContentKohli/InvasivePlantsandForestEcosystems 43374_C000 FinalProof page i 29.7.2008 12:12pm CompositorName:VAmoudavally
Invasive Plants
and Forest
Ecosystems
Kohli/InvasivePlantsandForestEcosystems 43374_C000 FinalProof page ii 29.7.2008 12:12pm CompositorName:VAmoudavally
Kohli/InvasivePlantsandForestEcosystems 43374_C000 FinalProof page iii 29.7.2008 12:12pm CompositorName:VAmoudavally
Invasive Plants
and Forest
Ecosystems
Edited by
Ravinder Kumar Kohli
Shibu Jose
Harminder Pal Singh
Daizy Rani Batish
Kohli/InvasivePlantsandForestEcosystems 43374_C000 FinalProof page iv 29.7.2008 12:12pm CompositorName:VAmoudavally
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Invasive plants and forest ecosystems / edited by Ravinder K. Kohli ... [et al.].
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-1-4200-4337-2
ISBN-10: 1-4200-4337-4
1. Invasive plants. 2. Invasive plants--Ecology. 3. Forest ecology. I. Kohli, R. K.
II. Title.
SB613.5.I57 2009
634.9’65--dc22 2008008314
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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Contents
Preface......................................................................................................................ix
Editors......................................................................................................................xi
Contributors...........................................................................................................xiii
SECTION I Invasion Ecology
Chapter 1 Invasive Plants: A Threat to theIntegrity and Sustainability
of Forest Ecosystems...........................................................................3
Shibu Jose,Ravinder K. Kohli, Harminder P.Singh,
Daizy R.Batish,and E.Corrie Pieterson
Chapter 2 Mechanismsof Plant Invasion:AReview........................................11
Pedram Daneshgar and Shibu Jose
Chapter 3 Relationship of Invasive Groundcover Plant Presence
to Evidence ofDisturbance inthe Forests of the
Upper Midwestof theUnited States.................................................29
W. Keith Moser, Mark H.Hansen, Mark D.Nelson,
and William H.McWilliams
Chapter 4 Invasion Pattern ofExotic Plantsin Forest Ecosystems...................59
Songlin Fei, Ningning Kong, Jeffrey Stringer, and Daniel Bowker
Chapter 5 Spatial and Temporal Dynamicsof Exotic Tree Invasions:
Lessonsfrom a Shade-Tolerant Invader,Acerplatanoides..............71
ChristopherR.Websterand Steven R.Wangen
Chapter 6 Invasive Species and theResiliency ofa RiparianEnvironment.....87
JamesM. Dyer and C. Mark Cowell
Chapter 7 Biogeography of Invasive Plant Species in Urban Park Forests.....105
Robert E.Loeb
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SECTION II Ecological Impacts
Chapter8 AlienInvasivePlant Species and TheirEffects on Hill Forest
Ecosystems ofBangladesh............................................................133
M.K. Hossain
Chapter9 Ecological Status of Some Invasive Plants ofShiwalik
Himalayas inNorthwestern India..................................................143
Ravinder K. Kohli, Harminder P.Singh, Daizy R. Batish,
and Kuldeep Singh Dogra
Chapter10 Invasive Species and TheirImpacts on Endemic Ecosystems
in China.........................................................................................157
Jichao Fang and Fanghao Wan
Chapter11 Invasive Plants inAustralian Forests, with an Emphasis
on Subtropics and Tropics.............................................................177
J. Doland Nicholsand Mila Bristow
Chapter12 Risk Analysis forAlien Plants inEuropeanForests,
Illustrated bythe Exampleof Prunus serotina.............................195
GrittaSchrader and Uwe Starfinger
Chapter13 Monitoring and Assessmentof Regional Impacts from
Nonnative Invasive Plants inForestsof thePacificCoast,
UnitedStates..................................................................................217
Andrew Gray
Chapter14 Imperata cylindrica, an Exotic Invasive Grass, Changes Soil
Chemical Properties ofForest Ecosystems inthe Southeastern
UnitedStates..................................................................................237
Alexandra R.Collins and Shibu Jose
SECTION III Management of Invasive Plants
Chapter15 Adaptive Collaborative Restoration: AKey Concept
in Invasive Plant Management......................................................251
JamesH. Miller and John Schelhas
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Chapter 16 Cogongrass(Imperata cylindrica)—AComprehensive
Review ofan InvasiveGrass.........................................................267
Gregory E.MacDonald
Chapter 17 Exotic Plant Species Invasion and Control in
GreatSmoky Mountains NationalPark,UnitedStates.................295
MichaelA.Jenkins andKristine D. Johnson
Chapter 18 Invasive Weeds of Colorado Forests and Rangeland....................323
K. GeorgeBeck
Chapter 19 Ecologyand Management of Tropical Africa’s
Forest Invaders...............................................................................355
Paul P.Bosu, Mary M.Apetorgbor, and Alemayehu Refera
SECTION IV Socioeconomic and Policy Aspects
Chapter 20 Invasive Plants inNamibian Subtropical
and Riparian Woodlands...............................................................379
Dave F.Joubert
Chapter 21 The Economics, Law, and Policy of Invasive Species Management
in theUnitedStates:Responding toa GrowingCrisis.................409
Johanna E.Freeman, Rachel Albritton,Shibu Jose,
and Janaki R.R. Alavalapati
Index.....................................................................................................................427
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Preface
Plantspeciesthatinvade analienareaandoutgrowthenativevegetation,establish-
ingandincreasingtheirownterritory,oftenleadtonegativeeconomic,environmen-
tal,andsocialimpacts.Evennativespeciescanbehavelikeinvasivespeciesbytheir
exponential spread. Similarly, not all non-native species are invasive. Many alien
invasive species,however, dothreatenthehealthandintegrityofourterrestrialand
aquatic ecosystems. As the human population explodes and trade becomes increas-
inglyglobalized,thetransboundarymovementofspeciesfromtheirplacesoforigin
toalien regionsis escalating andis expected to continue so inthecoming decades.
The ecological impacts of invasive species, in particular alien plants, on forest
ecosystemshaveattractedtheattentionofresearchers,managers,andpolicymakers
the world over. Alien invaders are known to change the ecosystem structure and
function,therebyminimizingthesupportfornativeflora,faunaandtheprovisionof
ecosystem services that directly benefit humans. There exists a large amount of
scattered information on the ecology and management of alien invaders in forest
ecosystems. The scientists and practitioners who attended the technical session,
‘‘Impact of exotic invasive plant species on forest ecosystems,’’ during the XXII-
IUFROWorldCongress,Brisbane,2005,(RavinderK.Kohli,organizer;ShibuJose,
rapporteur) resolved that an edited volume that captures the current state of know-
ledge would benefit the global forestry and natural resources community. Invited
papers and voluntary posters were presented at this session, which represented a
cross section of the current global research being conducted in a variety of forest
ecosystems. The editors of this volume accepted the task enthusiastically and
immediately started working on the project. Selected authors (who presented their
work at the IUFRO Congress) and other prominent researchers were invited to
submit manuscripts. After a peer review process, we selected 21 chapters for the
current volume.
Thechaptersaregroupedintofoursections.Thefirstsectionexaminesinvasion
ecology through both synthesis and original research articles. Seven chapters are
included in this section. The second section also has seven chapters. These give
readers a flavor of the ecological impacts of alien invaders and include examples
from both tropical and temperate regions of the world. The third section is an
exploration into the adaptive collaborative management strategies that are central
to successful control of invasive alien plants. The first chapter in this section
describestheconceptofadaptivecollaborativerestorationingreatdetail.Thesecond
chapter discusses the ecology and management of the world’s number one invasive
plantspeciesofnaturalecosystems.Theremainingthreechaptersofthesectiongive
specific examples of invasive plant management, one each from a local, state, and
country perspective. The fourth (last) section includes two chapters that discuss the
socioeconomic and policy aspects of invasive species management using two
examples, one from the tropics (Namibia) and another from the temperate region
(the United States).
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