Introduction to Sustainable Urban Renewal: CO2 Reduction & the Use of Performance Agreements--Experience from the Netherlands - Volume 02 Sustainable Urban Areas

170 Pages·2004·2.16 MB·English

by  Claudia Boon

OTB2004_SUA002_omsdef 15-01-2008 15:02 Pagina 1
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S U S T A I N A B L E U R B A N A R E A S
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Delft Centre for Sustainable Urban Areas carries out research in the field of the t 2
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built environment and is one of the multidisciplinary research centres at TU Delft. in
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The Delft Research Centres bundle TU Delft’s excellent research and provide b
integrated solutions for today’s and tomorrow’s problems in society. le

OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies and the Faculties u
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of Architecture, Technology, Policy and Management and Civil Engineering and b
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Geosciences participate in this Delft Research Centre. n

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As in other European countries, the renewal of post-war housing estates is a
major policy issue in the Netherlands. The aim is to upgrade neighbourhoods by Introduction to
means of demolition, renovation of social rented housing and construction of new
owner-occupied dwellings. The existing housing stock is a key factor in attaining sustainable urban
the greenhouse gas reduction targets in the Kyoto Protocol.
This process of renewal will pursue high targets and ambitions as it gets underway renewal
in the coming years. It will lead to major interventions in the housing stock and
– at the same time – rigorously challenge the market players to make existing
dwellings more environmentally-friendly and to develop sustainability in
post-war housing.
CO reduction and the use of
By presenting two case studies this book offers insight into the environmental 2
policies of Dutch housing associations and municipalities. Focusing specifically
performance agreements:
on the role of performance agreements in realising sustainability ambitions, it
also assesses the feasibility of CO2reductions and examines the costs and experience from the Netherlands
decision-making processes.
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S Minna Sunikka
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Delft University Press
Delft Centre for Sustainable Urban Areas

Introduction to sustainable
urban renewal
CO reduction and the use of performance
2
agreements: experience from the Netherlands
Sustainable Urban Areas 2
Editorial Committee
Prof.dr.ir.R.Dekker (Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam)
Prof.dr.P.Glasbergen (Utrecht University)
Prof.dr.P.Hooimeijer (Utrecht University)
Prof.ir.W.G.Keeris MRICS (Technische Universiteit Eindhoven)
Prof.dr.T.Kreukels (Utrecht University)
Prof.ir.G.J.Maas (Technische Universiteit Eindhoven)
Prof.dr.N.J.M.Nelissen (University of Nijmegen)
Prof.dr.P.Nijkamp (Vrije Universiteit)
Prof.dr.H.F.L.K.Ottens (Utrecht University)
Prof.dr.ir.J.van der Schaar (Universiteit van Amsterdam)
Prof.dr.J.van Weesep (Utrecht University)
Introduction to sustainable
urban renewal
CO reduction and the use of performance
2
agreements: experience from the Netherlands
Claudia Boon
Minna Sunikka
DUP Science
The series Sustainable Urban Areas
are published by DUP Science
DUP Science is an imprint of
Delft University Press
Postbus 98
2600 MG Delft
The Netherlands
Phone [phone]
Fax [phone]
http://www.library.tudelft.nl/dup/
Sustainable Urban Areas are edited by
Delft Centre for Sustainable Urban Areas (www.sua.tudelft.nl)
c/o OTB Research Institute for Housing,Urban and Mobility Studies
Delft University of Technology
Jaffalaan 9
2628 BX Delft
The Netherlands
Phone [phone]
Fax [phone]
E-mail [email protected]
http://www.otb.tudelft.nl
Design: Cyril Strijdonk Ontwerpburo,Gaanderen
Printing: Haveka,Alblasserdam
Photos by the authors,unless otherwise indicated
ISSN 1574-6410; 2
ISBN 90-407-2535-7
NUGI 755
Subject headings: sustainability,urban renewal,CO reduction
2
© Copyright 2004 by Onderzoeksinstituut OTB
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by print,photoprint,
microfilm or any other means,without written permission from the
copyrightholder.
Contents
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
1.1 Why urban renewal as a focal point of sustainability? . . . . .3
1.2 Aims and scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
1.3 Central questions of the study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
1.4 The approach and components of the research . . . . . . . . . .10
Part I Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
2 Strategies for sustainable urban renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
2.2 Sustainability and the renewal of post-war housing . . . . . .15
2.2.1 Concepts of sustainability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
2.2.2 The decision-making process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
2.2.3 The planning process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
2.2.4 The role of social housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
2.3 Policy instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
2.3.1 Direct regulation,economic and communicative
instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
2.3.2 Performance agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
2.4 CO reduction in the domestic sector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
2
2.4.1 Principles of the feasibility study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
2.4.2 International reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
2.5 Extension of the functional life-cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
2.5.1 Principles of the feasibility study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
2.5.2 International reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Part II The case studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
3 Field of study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
3.2 Oedevlietsepark,Rotterdam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
3.3 Morgenstond Midden,The Hague . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
4 Policy analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
4.2 European policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
4.3 National policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
4.4 Regional policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62
4.5 Municipal policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
4.5.1 Sustainable housing in Rotterdam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
4.5.2 Sustainable housing in The Hague . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
4.6 Environmental policies of the housing associations . . . . . .71
4.6.1 Environmental policy of Woonbron Maasoevers . . . . . . . . .71
4.6.2 Environmental policy of Staedion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
5 Oedevlietsepark,Rotterdam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
5.2 Energy-efficient renovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
5.3 Extension of the functional life-cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
5.4 The planning process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
5.5 Input from sustainability ambitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90
5.6 Experience of performance agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .92
5.7 Performance agreements for sustainable building . . . . . . .94
6 Morgenstond Midden,The Hague . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
6.2 Energy-efficient renovation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
6.3 Extension of the functional life-cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107
6.4 The planning process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109
6.5 Input from sustainability ambitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112
6.6 Experience of performance agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114
6.7 Performance agreements for sustainable building . . . . . .115
7 Designing performance agreements for sustainable
building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
7.2 Performance agreements in sustainable urban renewal . .117
7.3 Performance agreements in the planning process . . . . . . .119
7.4 Implementation and execution of performance
agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124
Part III Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .127
8 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
8.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
8.2 CO reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129
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8.3 Performance agreements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141
Appendix 1 List of interviewees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153
[1]
Foreword
This research project 'Introduction to Sustainable Urban Renewal' has been
conducted as part of the Habiforum BSIK programme 'Innovative use of
Space'.The project is also part of the Corpovenista programme which is fund-
ed by the Aedes federation of Dutch housing associations and eight housing
associations.Furthermore the Foundation of Building Research (SBR) support-
ed this project.
Before the 'Innovative use of Space' programme started on 1 January 2004,
this research project was already underway,headed by Gerda Klunder, in col-
laboration with two housing associations,Woonbron Maasoevers in the Rot-
terdam area and Staedion in the The Hague area, and the Foundation of
Building Research.In this report we present the research results for 2003.
We would like to thank Jon van Eenennaam (Woonbron Maasoevers),Fattah
Kabbaj (Staedion),Hans Vingerling (SBR),Peter van Oppen (SBR),Gerda Klun-
der and Henk Visscher (OTB Research Institute for Housing,Urban and Mobil-
ity Studies) for their participation in the committee which commented on
and supervised the findings of this first part of the ICES-KIS research pro-
gramme.
Claudia Boon and Minna Sunikka,
Delft,August 2004