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Introduction to Sustainability
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Introduction to
Sustainability
Robert Brinkmann
HofstraUniversity
Hempstead
NY,USA
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Thiseditionfirstpublished2016©2016byJohnWiley&SonsLtd
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Names:Brinkmann,Robert,1961-author.
Title:IntroductiontoSustainability/RobertBrinkmann.
Description:Hoboken:Wiley-Blackwell,2016.|Includesindex.
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Identifiers:LCCN2015038624|ISBN9781118487143(hardback)|ISBN
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1 2016
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Thisbookisdedicatedtoallyoungpeoplearoundtheworld
whoarestrivingtomaketheworldabetterplace.
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Contents
Acknowledgments,xv
Abouttheauthor,xvii
Aboutthecompanionwebsite,xix
1 Rootsofthemodernsustainabilitymovement,1
Meaningofsustainability,1
Nineteenthcenturyenvironmentalism,2
Pinchot,Roosevelt,andMuir,4
AldoLeopoldandthelandethic,6
Betterlivingthroughchemistry,theGreatSmogof1952,andRachelCarson,6
Environmentalactivismofthe1960sand1970sandthedevelopmentofenvironmentalpolicy,8
Thegrowthofenvironmentallawsinthe1960sand1970s,10
ThefirstEarthDay,11
Internationalconcerns,11
Ozoneandtheworldcomestogether,12
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GlobalizationandtheBrundtlandReport,12
Deepecology,14
Environmentaljustice,15
Measuringsustainability,15
Theroadahead,17
Organization,19
2 Understandingnaturalsystems,21
TheEarth,itslayers,andtherockcycle,21
Therockcycle,23
Biogeochemicalcycles,24
Waterandthewatercycle,24
Thecarboncycleandglobalclimatechange,27
Thesulfurcycle,29
Thenitrogenandphosphoruscycles,31
Organismsandecosystems,33
Urbanecosystems,35
UnderstandingtheAnthropocene,38
3 Measuringsustainability,40
TheUnitedNationsMillenniumGoals,40
Goal1.Eradicateextremepovertyandhunger,41
Goal2.Achieveuniversalprimaryeducation,42
Goal3.Promotegenderequalityandempowerwomen,42
Goal4.Reducechildmortalityrates,42
Goal5.Improvematernalhealth,42
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viii Contents
Goal6.CombatHIV/AIDS,malaria,andotherdiseases,43
Goal7:Ensureenvironmentalsustainability,43
Goal8:Developaglobalpartnershipfordevelopment,43
Nationalsustainabilityplanning,45
Canada,45
Bhutan,48
Regionalsustainabilityplanning,49
Localsustainabilitymeasurement,51
GreenlocalgovernmentsinFlorida,53
Specificcommunityplans,56
PlaNYC,56
Londonandsustainability,57
Smalltownsandsustainability,59
Businesssustainability,60
Personalsustainability,61
4 Energy,63
Worldenergyproductionandconsumption,63
Traditionalor“dirty”energyresources,65
Oil,65
Oilshaleandtarsands,66
Naturalgas,67
Coal,69
Greenenergy,71
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Biomass,71
Windenergy,74
Solarenergy,75
Nuclearenergy,76
Otherinnovations,78
Energyefficiency,78
Livingoffthegrid,80
5 Globalclimatechangeandgreenhousegasmanagement,81
Theendofnature?,81
Thescienceofglobalclimatechange,81
Thegreenhouseeffect,81
Sinksofcarbon,86
Forests,86
Reefs,86
TheIPCCandevidenceforclimatechange,andthefutureofourplanet,86
Oceanacidification,88
Phenologicalchanges,88
Conductinggreenhousegasinventories,89
Step1Settingboundaries,89
Step2Definingscope,90
Step3Choosingaquantitativeapproach,91
Step4Settingabaselineyear,91
Step5Engagingstakeholders,91
Step6Procuringcertification,91
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