Table Of ContentSoftware Engineering & Systems Development V
i Introduction to
l
l
a
Although software development is one of the most complex activities carried out by fi
o
r
man, sound development processes and proper project management can help to ensure i
t
your software projects are delivered on time and under budget. Providing the know- a Software
how to manage software projects effectively, Introduction to Software Project
I
Management supplies an accessible introduction to software project management. n
t
r
o
The book begins with an overview of the fundamental techniques of project Project
d
management and the technical aspects of software development. This section supplies u
c
the understanding of the techniques required to mitigate uncertainty in projects and
t
i
better control the complexity of software development projects. The second part o
illustrates the technical activities of software development in a coherent process— n Management
describing how to customize this process to fit a wide range of software development t
o
scenarios.
S
o
• Examines project management frameworks and software development
f
standards, including ESA and NASA guidelines, PRINCE ®, and PMBOK® t
2
w
• Addresses open source development practices and tools so readers can adopt
a
best practices and get started with tools that are available for free
r
• Explains how to tailor the development process to different kinds of products e
and formalities, including the development of web applications
P
• Includes access to additional material for both practitioners and teachers at r
www.spmbook.com o
j
e
Supplying an analysis of existing development and management frameworks, the c
book describes how to set up an open-source tool infrastructure to manage projects. t
Since practitioners must be able to mix traditional and agile techniques effectively, M
the book covers both and explains how to use traditional techniques for planning
a
and developing software components alongside agile methodologies. It does so in a
n
manner that will help you to foster freedom and creativity in assembling the processes
a
that will best serve your needs.
g
e
m
e
K15541 Adolfo Villafiorita
6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW n
Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 ISBN: 978-1-4665-5953-0
711 Third Avenue 90000 t
an informa business New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park
www.crcpress.com Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK
9 781466 559530
www.auerbach-publications.com
K15541 cvr mech.indd 1 1/10/14 9:28 AM
Introduction to
Software
Project
Management
Introduction to
Software
Project
Management
Adolfo Villafiorita
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20140108
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-5954-7 (eBook - PDF)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts
have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume
responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers
have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to
copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has
not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmit-
ted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system,
without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.
com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood
Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and
registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC,
a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used
only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
ToBarbara
Contents
Preface..................................................................................... xv
Acknowledgments....................................................................... xvii
Author..................................................................................... xix
1 Introduction......................................................................... 1
1.1 WhatisaProject .............................................................. 1
1.1.1 ProjectsandOperationalWork .................................. 1
1.1.2 Programs,Subprojects,andPortfolios.......................... 3
1.1.2.1 Programs................................................ 4
1.1.2.2 Subprojects............................................. 4
1.1.2.3 Portfolios................................................ 4
1.2 WhatisaSoftwareProject .................................................. 5
1.2.1 ApplicationDevelopment......................................... 5
1.2.2 ProcessandSystemsReengineeringServices................... 6
1.2.3 SystemIntegrationServices....................................... 6
1.2.4 OtherTypesofProjects............................................ 7
1.3 ManagingProjects ............................................................ 7
1.3.1 TheProjectManagerandtheProjectStakeholder ........... 7
1.3.2 ProjectStakeholders................................................ 8
1.3.3 CodeofConductsandEthicalAspects......................... 9
1.4 SoftwareProjectManagement .............................................. 10
1.5 GoalsandOrganizationoftheBook ...................................... 13
1.6 FurtherReferences ............................................................ 14
1.7 QuestionsandTopicsforDiscussion ..................................... 16
References .............................................................................. 16
vii
viii (cid:2) Contents
2 TheBasics:SoftwareDevelopmentActivities
andTheirOrganization........................................................... 19
2.1 SoftwareRequirementsDefinition ........................................ 20
2.1.1 RequirementsElicitation.......................................... 21
2.1.2 RequirementsStructuring......................................... 21
2.1.3 UserExperienceDesign............................................ 22
2.1.4 RequirementsValidation .......................................... 23
2.2 BusinessModeling ............................................................ 23
2.2.1 MappingtheOrganizationalStructure......................... 24
2.2.2 ModelingtheBusinessProcesses................................. 25
2.2.3 MappingtheExistingITInfrastructure........................ 25
2.2.4 MappingBusinessEntities........................................ 25
2.3 DesignandImplementation ................................................ 26
2.3.1 SystemDesign....................................................... 26
2.3.2 Implementation..................................................... 28
2.4 VerificationandValidation .................................................. 29
2.4.1 Testing................................................................. 29
2.4.2 OrganizingTestingActivities..................................... 30
2.4.2.1 TestPlanDefinition.................................. 30
2.4.2.2 TestExecutionandReporting...................... 30
2.5 Deployment .................................................................... 31
2.6 OperationsandMaintenance ............................................... 34
2.6.1 SupportingandMonitoringOperations ....................... 34
2.6.2 Maintenance......................................................... 34
2.6.3 OrganizingSupportandMaintenanceActivities............. 35
2.7 QuestionsandTopicsforDiscussion ..................................... 36
References .............................................................................. 37
3 MakingITRight:ManagingGoals,Time,andCosts...................... 39
3.1 BeforeYouStart:AssessingValueandRisks ............................. 39
3.1.1 ProjectValue:AspectstoConsider.............................. 40
3.1.2 ProjectRisks:AspectstoConsider............................... 40
3.1.3 TechniquestoAssessValueandRisks........................... 41
3.1.3.1 FinancialMethods.................................... 41
3.1.3.2 ScoreMatrices......................................... 43
3.1.3.3 SWOTAnalysis ....................................... 44
3.1.3.4 StakeholderAnalysis.................................. 45
3.1.3.5 AssessingSustainability .............................. 46
3.1.3.6 ARecapofProjectSelectionTechniques......... 46
3.1.4 TheProjectFeasibilityDocument............................... 47
3.2 FormalizingtheProjectGoals .............................................. 48
3.2.1 ProjectGoalsandRequirements................................. 49
3.2.2 ProjectAssumptionsandConstraints........................... 50
Contents (cid:2) ix
3.2.3 ProjectOutputsandControlPoints ............................ 51
3.2.4 ProjectRoster........................................................ 53
3.3 DecidingtheWork ........................................................... 53
3.3.1 BuildingaWBS..................................................... 54
3.3.2 WBSDecompositionStyles....................................... 56
3.3.3 WBSDictionary .................................................... 58
3.3.4 WBSConstructionMethodologies.............................. 58
3.4 Estimating ...................................................................... 58
3.4.1 Effort,Duration,andResources................................. 59
3.4.2 The“Quick”ApproachtoEstimation.......................... 60
3.4.3 TheUncertaintyofEstimations.................................. 61
3.4.4 PERT.................................................................. 63
3.4.5 AlgorithmicTechniques........................................... 64
3.4.5.1 FunctionPoints........................................ 65
3.4.5.2 COCOMO ............................................ 67
3.4.5.3 WebObjects ........................................... 71
3.4.5.4 EffortandProjectPhases............................ 72
3.5 SchedulingaPlan ............................................................. 72
3.5.1 IdentifyDependenciesamongActivities....................... 73
3.5.1.1 TypeofDependencies................................ 73
3.5.1.2 LeadandLagTime................................... 75
3.5.1.3 NetworkGraphs....................................... 75
3.5.2 IdentifytheCriticalPath.......................................... 76
3.5.3 AllocateandLevelResources..................................... 80
3.5.3.1 QualifyingtheResourcesNeeded
foraTask ............................................... 81
3.5.3.2 SpecifyingResourceAvailability.................... 81
3.5.3.3 AllocatingResourcestoaPlan...................... 83
3.5.4 TheGanttChart.................................................... 84
3.6 OptimizingaPlan ............................................................ 86
3.6.1 RenegotiatingGoalsandDeadlines............................. 86
3.6.2 PhasetheProject.................................................... 87
3.6.3 ProjectCrashing..................................................... 87
3.6.4 FastTracking......................................................... 88
3.6.5 CriticalChainManagement...................................... 90
3.7 BudgetingandAccounting .................................................. 92
3.7.1 ProjectCosts......................................................... 92
3.7.2 CostElementStructures........................................... 93
3.7.3 DeterminingtheProjectCosts................................... 95
3.7.4 ManagingProjectCosts............................................ 95
3.8 ProjectExecution ............................................................. 97
3.8.1 KickingActivitiesOff.............................................. 98
3.8.2 CollecttheOutputofActivities.................................. 98
