Table Of Content96745_fm_ptg01.indd 2 22/09/12 2:29 PM
Introduction
to research in
Education
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Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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96745_fm_ptg01.indd 2 22/09/12 2:29 PM
EDitiON 9
Introduction
to research in
Education
DONALD ARY
LUCY CHESER JACOBS
CHRiStiNE K. SORENSEN
DAviD A. WALKER
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
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Introduction to Research in Education, © 2014, 2010 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning
Ninth Edition
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright
Donald Ary
herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by
Lucy Cheser Jacobs
any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to
Christine K. Sorensen
photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution,
David A. Walker information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except
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To Donald Ary, our friend and colleague.
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Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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Contents
Preface xix
Part One SummAry 21
Foundations Key Concepts 22
Exercises 22
Answers 23
Chapter 1
References 23
The Nature of
Scientific Inquiry 1 reSeArch in the puBlic eye 14
InstruCtIonal objeCtIves 1
Chapter 2
SourceS of Knowledge 2 Research Approaches in Education 24
Experience 2
InstruCtIonal objeCtIves 24
Authority 2
Deductive Reasoning 4 QuAntitAtive reSeArch 28
Inductive Reasoning 5 Experimental Research 28
The Scientific Approach 7 Nonexperimental Research 29
An Example of the Scientific
Approach 8 QuAlitAtive reSeArch 32
Basic Interpretative Studies 32
other ASpectS of Science 12 Case Studies 32
Assumptions Made by Scientists 12 Content Analysis 32
Attitudes Expected of Scientists 13 Ethnography 33
Formulation of Scientific Theory 15 Grounded Theory 33
Purposes of Theories 16 Historical Research 33
Criteria for Theories 16 Narrative Inquiry 34
Limitations Of The Scientific Approach Phenomenonological Studies 34
In The Social Sciences 18
SimilAritieS AcroSS QuAntitAtive
Complexity of Subject Matter 18
And QuAlitAtive reSeArch 34
Difficulties in Observation 19
Difficulties in Replication 19
typicAl StAgeS in reSeArch 35
Interaction of Observer
and Subjects 19 QueStionS thAt educAtionAl
Difficulties in Control 19 reSeArcherS ASK 37
Problems of Measurement 20 Theoretical Questions 37
Practical Questions 37
the nAture of reSeArch 20
Educational Research 20 BASic And Applied reSeArch 38
vii
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viii contents
Language of ReseaRch 39 Chapter 4
Constructs 39 Reviewing the Literature 67
Constitutive Definition 39
InstRuCtIonal oBjeCtIves 67
Operational Definition 39
Variables 40
The RoLe of ReLaTed LITeRaTuRe
Types of Variables 41
In QuanTITaTIve ReseaRch 68
Constants 42
The RoLe of ReLaTed LITeRaTuRe
summaRy 43
In QuaLITaTIve and mIxed meThods
Key Concepts 44
ReseaRch 69
Exercises 44
Answers 45 effIcIenT LocaTIon
References 46 of ReLaTed LITeRaTuRe 70
Indexing and Abstracting Databases 71
ReseaRch In The PuBLIc eye 43
ERIC (Educational Resources
Information Center) 71
Using the ERIC System 72
Other Education-Focused
Part Two
Periodical Indexes 73
Research Background
Other Useful Databases 75
Citation Indexes 75
Chapter 3 Tests in Print and Mental
Measurements Yearbook 78
The Research Problem 47
Statistical Sources 78
InstRuCtIonal oBjeCtIves 47
Government Publications 79
Dissertationas and Theses (formerly
souRces of PRoBLems 48
Proqueset Digital Dissertations) 80
Experience 49
Aggregate Databases 80
Theories 49
Professional Development Collection 80
Choosing a Theory 50
Academic Search Premier
Related Literature 52
and Academic Search Complete 80
Reviews of Research 53
Web of Knowledge 81
Noneducation Sources 54
JSTOR 81
Qualitative Research Problems 54
Google Scholar 81
WorldCat 81
evaLuaTIng The PRoBLem 55
DISCOVERY TOOLS 82
sTaTIng The ReseaRch PRoBLem 58
The necessITy of masTeRIng
The Problem Statement
onLIne daTaBase seaRchIng 82
in Quantitative Research 58
The Problem Statement
fRee ResouRces on The InTeRneT 83
in Qualitative Research 59
Evaluating Internet Sources 84
Authority 84
IdenTIfyIng PoPuLaTIon
Accuracy 85
and vaRIaBLes 59
Timeliness 85
Online Journals 85
summaRy 63
Key Concepts 64
oRganIzIng The ReLaTed LITeRaTuRe 85
Exercises 64
Answers 65 summaRy 87
References 66 Key Concepts 88
Exercises 88
ReseaRch In The PuBLIc eye 51 Answers 88
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