Introduction to Optimization Analysis in Hydrosystem Engineering

301 Pages·2014·7.907 MB·English

by  Ehsan Goodarzi, Mina Ziaei, Edward Zia Hosseinipour (auth.)

Topics in Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Ehsan Goodarzi
Mina Ziaei
Edward Zia Hosseinipour
Introduction to
Optimization
Analysis in
Hydrosystem
Engineering
Topics in Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Volume 25
Series editor
Adrian V. Gheorghe, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
Editorial Advisory Board
P. Sander, Technical University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
D. C. Barrie, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay ON, Canada
R. Leitch, Royal Military College of Science (Cranfield), Shrivenham, UK
For furthervolumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/6653
Ehsan Goodarzi Mina Ziaei
•
Edward Zia Hosseinipour
Introduction to Optimization
Analysis in Hydrosystem
Engineering
123
Ehsan Goodarzi EdwardZiaHosseinipour
School ofCivil andEnvironmental VenturaCounty Watershed Protection
Engineering District
GeorgiaInstitute ofTechnology Ventura, CA
Atlanta, GA USA
USA
MinaZiaei
Department of Civiland Environmental
Engineering
GeorgiaInstitute ofTechnology
Atlanta, GA
USA
ISSN 1566-0443 ISSN 2215-0285 (electronic)
ISBN 978-3-319-04399-9 ISBN 978-3-319-04400-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-04400-2
Springer ChamHeidelberg New YorkDordrecht London
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014930225
(cid:2)SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2014
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To my lovely wife, Mina
Preface
Populationincreaseandsocioeconomicriseofdevelopingcountriesinmanyparts
oftheworldhasescalatedthewaterdemandforvarioususesincludingagriculture,
municipal,recreational,andindustrialdemands.Theincreaseddemandsinthepast
few decades have put severe stresses on the available water resources across the
world particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Hence, optimal management of
water resources is a crucial issue and it is imperative to adopt realistic policies to
ensure that water is used more efficiently in various sectors. In this book, we
present the latest tools and methods to assist the students, researchers, engineers,
and water managers to properly conceptualize and formulate the resource allo-
cationproblems,anddealappropriatelywiththecomplexityofconstraintsinwater
demand and available supplies. Although existing references supply total infor-
mation relevant to the optimization analysis in water resources engineering, pro-
vidingabookforundergraduateandgraduatestudentsandnewcomerstothisfield
isarequirement.Inotherwords,whatisneededistopresentconceptsmoresimply
on the basics of optimization theories, get directly to the principal points, and
apply simple examples in preparation for the use of more advanced texts.
In this book, the basics of linear and nonlinear optimization analysis for both
single and multiobjective problems in conjunction with several examples with
various levels of complexity in different fields of water resources engineering are
presented. The main advantages of the current book rather than existing publi-
cations briefly are:
1. Theauthors’ideaistousesimpleexamplesandsolvethemstepbystepasthe
best way to introduce the materials in the book, and also to provide useful
information to better understand the implementation of theoretical concepts.
Hence, each chapter of the book contains some examples related to the basic
principles of linear and nonlinear optimization analysis for both single and
multiobjective problems (Chaps. 2–4).
2. As EXCEL, LINGO, and MATLAB are three of the well-known computer
programs used today in optimization analysis, the process of solving optimi-
zationproblemsusingthoseprogramsarepresentedindetailsasanalternative.
This characteristic teaches the application of the noted computer programs in
optimization analysis and makes analyzing, organizing, interpreting, and
presenting results quick and easy (Chap. 5).
vii
viii Preface
3. Real case studies are important resources for students to apply theoretical for-
mulas, and computer programs to analyze real events. Hence, three real case
studies as a valuable source for students, practitioners, and researchers are
presentedinthelastchaptersofbooktoshowhowtheoptimizationconceptsand
theoretical formulas are used in analyzing real world problems (Chaps. 6–8).
The case studiesin brief are;
• Reservoir Optimization and Simulation Modeling,
• Reservoir Operation Management by Optimization and Stochastic Simula-
tion, and
• WatersupplyoptimizationincentralFlorida(simulation-optimizationusing
integrated surface and groundwater modeling to allocate groundwater
pumping that is protective of the natural ecosystem while meeting water
supply demands of over two million people using a mix of surface water,
groundwater, and desalinated water).
4. Finally, complete lists of most optimization studies on hydrosystem engineer-
ing (1963–2013) are presented in the Appendix of the book in table format.
These tables include authors’ names, dates of study, and a brief description of
their work. With the help of these tables, readers can easily find all previous
studies related to hydrosystem optimization analyses that may of particular
interest to them.
Tosumup,themainpurposeofthisbookistoserveasaguideforconducting
andincorporatingoptimizationanalysesinwaterresourceplanningprocesses.This
book’s main theme istoimprove the understanding of the quantity and quality of
information we have, and the importance of information we do not have, for the
take only out purpose of improving decision making. The principal audiences of
this book are undergraduate and graduate students of water engineering and all
new researchers who are interested in academic research associate with optimi-
zationanalysisaswellaspractitionersinthefieldofwaterresourcesmanagement.
Furthermore, this book can be used as reference for teaching in various fields of
waterengineeringincluding:hydrology,hydraulic,waterresourcesanalysis,water
qualityanalysis,etc.Thisbookisalsoausefulreferenceforpracticingengineers/
professionals as well as students and individual researchers. They can apply
optimization analysis as a useful tool to make best informed decisions when
designing for unaccounted loads.
Acknowledgments
I would like to gratefully and sincerely thank Dr. AliReza Aghasi for his help,
guidance, and expertise on this book. The authors also want to acknowledge
Dr. Zia Hosseinipour not only for his contributions to this book, but also for the
outstanding mentorship that he has provided me. I correspondingly would like to
gratefully acknowledge the contribution of Drs. Nisai Wanakule and Alison
AdamsfromTampaBayWater,Florida,onthisbook.Inaddition,Iappreciateall
Dr. Ozeair Abessi help during writing this book.
ix
Contents
1 Importance of Optimization Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Challenges Facing Water Management
and Policy Professionals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Local, Regional, and International Competition for Water
and Ensuing Conflicts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 Urban and Agricultural Water Supply Challenges . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.5 Global Climate Change Impacts on Integrated
Regional Water Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.6 The Incentive for this Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2 Linear Optimization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.1 Linear Programming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.2 Graphical Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.3 Simplex Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.3.1 Optimization of Water Distribution Networks. . . . . . . . 35
2.3.2 Optimization of One-Dimensional Confined Aquifers. . . 41
2.3.3 OptimizationofTwo-DimensionalConfinedAquifers. . . 46
2.4 Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3 Nonlinear Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3.2. One-Dimensional Search Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
3.2.1 Fibonacci Method (Elimination Technique). . . . . . . . . . 64
3.2.2 Golden Section Method (Elimination Technique). . . . . . 72
3.2.3 Newton Method (Approximation Technique). . . . . . . . . 76
3.3 Unconstrained Optimization Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
3.3.1 Random Search Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
3.3.2 Univariate Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
3.3.3 Steepest Descent Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
xi
xii Contents
3.4 Constrained Optimization Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
3.4.1 Lagrange Multiplier Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
3.4.2 Generalized Reduced Gradient Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
3.5 Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
4 Multiobjective Optimization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
4.1 Basic Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
4.2 Weighted Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
4.2.1 Optimization of Hydropower and Turbine. . . . . . . . . . . 120
4.2.2 Optimization of Broad-Crested Weirs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
4.3 e-Constraint Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
4.3.1 Optimization of Marine Outfalls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
4.4 Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
5 Optimization Analysis Using LINGO and MATLAB. . . . . . . . . . . 149
5.1 LINGO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
5.1.1 Creating an Input Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
5.1.2 Solving Linear Models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
5.1.3 Solving Nonlinear Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
5.2 MATLAB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
5.2.1 Solving Linear Optimization Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
5.2.2 Solving Unconstrained Nonlinear
Optimization Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
5.2.3 Solving Constrained Nonlinear
Optimization Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
5.2.4 Solving Multiobjective Optimization Problems . . . . . . . 186
5.3 Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
6 Reservoir Optimization and Simulation Modeling:
A Case Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
6.1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
6.2 Optimization Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
6.3 Simulation Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
6.4 Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
6.5 Optimization Model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
6.5.1 Boundary Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
6.6 Finding Outlier Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
6.7 Simulation by HEC-ResSim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
6.8 Study Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
6.8.1 Reservoir Operation Policy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207