Introduction to Healthcare for Arabic-speaking Interpreters and Translators

427 Pages·2016·8.51 MB·English

by  Ineke H.M. Crezee

Introduction to
Healthcare
for Arabic-speaking Interpreters
and Translators
Ineke H.M. Crezee,
Nawar Gailani
and Anna N. Gailani
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Introduction to Healthcare for
Arabic-speaking Interpreters
and Translators

Introduction to Healthcare
for Arabic-speaking
Interpreters and Translators
Ineke H.M. Crezee
Nawar Gailani
Anna N. Gailani
Auckland University of Technology
with illustrations by
Jenny Jiang
with contributions by
Maureen Kearney, Dana Lui
and Dr. Linda Hand
John Benjamins Publishing Company
Amsterdam / Philadelphia
TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
8
the American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence
of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984.
doi 10.1075/z.209
Cataloging-in-Publication Data available from Library of Congress:
lccn 2016034655 (print) / 2016036289 (e-book)
isbn 978 90 272 1246 7 (Hb) / isbn 978 90 272 1247 4 (Pb)
isbn 978 90 272 6621 7 (e-book)
© 2016 – John Benjamins B.V.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other
means, without written permission from the publisher.
John Benjamins Publishing Co. · https://benjamins.com
Table of contents
Table of illustrations xv
List of tables xvii
Authors’ notes xix
Acknowledgments xxiii
Foreword xxv
About this edition xxix
Part I. Interpreting
chapter 1
Introduction 3
1. How to use this book 3
2. Development of the interpreting profession 3
3. The demand for interpreters around the world 4
4. Health interpreting studies 5
5. Teaching healthcare interpreting 7
chapter 2
Interpreting in healthcare settings 11
1. Interpreting in healthcare settings 11
2. Different healthcare systems 11
3. Accuracy 12
4. Understanding common responses to bad news 15
5. Culture broker 17
6. Interpreter codes of ethics 18
7. Duty of care 19
8. Triangle of communication 20
9. Note-taking 20
10. Terminology 21
chapter 3
A word about culture 23
1. Culture 23
2. Cultural influence on spoken communication 23
vi Introduction to Healthcare for Arabic-speaking Interpreters and Translators
3. Implications for interpreting 25
4. Culture and health 26
5. Cultural beliefs pertaining to health and their implications
for the interpreter 27
5.1 Sickness and disease (or medical condition) 27
5.2 Patient behavior 28
5.3 Cultural attitudes towards pain 28
5.4 Causes of sickness 28
5.5 Diets in sickness and health 29
5.6 The role of the interpreter as a culture broker 30
Part II. Interpreting in healthcare settings
chapter 4
Healthcare provision and healthcare insurance 35
1. What is healthcare insurance? 36
2. Access to coverage 36
3. Commercial insurance plans 37
4. Government programs 40
5. Exclusions to coverage and special plans 41
6. Billing 42
7. Healthcare legislation 42
8. Glossary of insurance terms 43
chapter 5
Primary care physicians 45
1. Primary care providers 45
2. History taking 46
3. Pain 46
4. New patients 47
5. Physical examination 49
6. Tests or diagnostic studies 50
7. Immunization schedule 51
8. Health education 51
9. Referrals 52
10. Some notes for interpreters and translators 52
chapter 6
Specialty clinics 55
1. Specialty clinics 55
2. Staff at specialty clinics 56
Table of contents vii
3. Procedure at specialty clinics 56
4. Some notes for interpreters and translators 57
chapter 7
Hospitals 59
1. The isolation of the sick 59
2. The biomedical approach 60
3. The patient-oriented approach 60
4. Hospital staff 61
5. Nursing staff 61
6. Medical staff 62
7. Specialists 62
8. Other hospital staff 63
9. Other healthcare staff 63
10. Hospital procedures 64
11. Admissions 64
11.1 Types – emergency and scheduled 64
12. Admission process 65
13. Most important rooms (from the patient’s perspective) 66
14. Discharge 66
15. Rehabilition 66
16. Health professionals 67
17. Physical therapy 67
18. Occupational therapy 68
19. Some notes for interpreters and translators 68
20. English-Arabic glossary 69
chapter 8
Emergency Departments or ERs 71
1. Emergency Department staff 72
2. Emergency Department areas 73
3. Emergency Department admission 74
4. Some common reasons for admission to ED 74
4.1 Common medical problems 74
4.2 T rauma 82
4.3 Surgical problems 86
5. English-Arabic glossary 87
chapter 9
Informed consent 93
1. Issues which might arise for interpreters during the informed
consent process 94
viii Introduction to Healthcare for Arabic-speaking Interpreters and Translators
chapter 10
Pre-operative and post-operative procedures 97
1. Pre- and post-operative procedures 97
2. English-Arabic glossary 104
chapter 11
Intensive care 107
1. Staff 111
2. Some notes for interpreters and translators 111
3. English–Arabic glossary 112
chapter 12
Obstetrics 115
1. Prenatal care 115
2. Follow-up visits 117
3. Term of pregnancy 118
4. Labor and childbirth 119
5. Common terminology 120
6. Postnatal checks 121
7. Postnatal care 121
8. English-Arabic glossary 123
chapter 13
Child health 125
1. Neonatal Care 125
1.1 Levels of Care 125
1.2 Asphyxia 126
1.3 Premature delivery 127
1.4 Problems of prematurity 128
1.5 Admission process 132
1.6 Some common diagnostic tests 132
2. Pediatrics 134
2.1 Child health professionals 134
2.2 Immunization 134
2.3 Possible childhood health problems 135
3. English-Arabic glossary 146
chapter 14
Speech-language therapy 151
1. Common terminology 151
2. Communication disorders 152
3. Assessment 152
Table of contents ix
4. Therapy 153
5. Some notes for interpreters and translators 153
6. English-Arabic glossary 155
chapter 15
Mental health 157
1. Terms with Latin and Greek roots 158
2. Briefing and debriefing 158
3. Behaviors and their implications for the interpreter 159
4. Mental health professionals practicing in the US include 159
5. Some common therapeutic approaches 160
6. Common reasons for counseling 161
7. Some commonly used pharmaceutical drugs 161
8. Mental illness 161
9. Some mental health disorders 162
10. English-Arabic glossary 165
chapter 16
Oncology 169
1. Cancer 169
2. Diagnosis 170
3. Typing and staging 171
4. Treatment 172
5. Common forms of cancer 173
6. Some notes for interpreters and translators 178
7. English-Arabic glossary 178
Part III. Healthcare specialties
chapter 17
Neurology: Nerves and the nervous system 185
1. Terms with Latin and Greek roots 185
2. Anatomy of the CNS 186
2.1 The brain 186
2.2 The spinal cord 186
3. Function of the CNS 186
4. Health professionals 188
5. Disorders of the nervous system 188
6. Some common medications 195
7. Some common tests 195
8. English-Arabic glossary 196