Table Of Content2
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Vice President, STEM: Ben Roberts
Editorial Program Director: Andrew Dunaway
Program Manager: Jennifer Edwards
Editorial Assistant: Alexandra Hudson
Marketing Manager: Shannon Howard
Marketing Assistant: Savannah DiMarco
Senior Media Project Manager: Chris Efstratiou
Director, Content Management Enhancement: Tracey Kuehn
Managing Editor: Lisa Kinne
Senior Content Project Manager: Harold Chester
Senior Workflow Project Supervisor: Susan Wein
Senior Workflow Project Manager: Paul Rohloff
Production Supervisor: José Olivera
Project Management: Lumina Datamatics, Inc.
Permissions Manager: Jennifer MacMillan
Photo Editor: Sheena Goldstein
Director of Design, Content Management: Diana Blume
Cover and Interior Design: Lumina Datamatics, Inc.
Art Manager: Matthew McAdams
Illustrations: Dragonfly Media Group; Maps.com
Composition: Lumina Datamatics, Inc.
Cover Photos: Pete Saloutos/Image Source/Getty Images; Aerial Archives/Alamy; Ink Drop/Shutterstock
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017950414
ISBN-13: 978-1-319-27075-9 (mobi)
Copyright © 2018, 2016, 2014, 2012 by W. H. Freeman and Company
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All rights reserved
W. H. Freeman and Company
One New York Plaza
Suite 4500
New York, NY 10004-1562
www.macmillanlearning.com
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Dedication
This book is dedicated to my parents, David and Elizabeth, who taught me that with a lot of hard work—
and a little luck—all things are possible.
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About the Author
Bradley A. Shellito is a geographer whose work focuses on the application of geospatial
technologies. Dr. Shellito has been a professor at Youngstown State University (YSU) since 2004,
and was previously a faculty member at Old Dominion University. He teaches classes on GIS,
remote sensing, GPS, and 3D visualization, and his research interests involve using these concepts
within a variety of real-world issues. His second book, Discovering GIS and ArcGIS, was also
published by Macmillan Learning. He also serves as YSU’s Principal Investigator in OhioView, a
statewide geospatial consortium. A native of the Youngstown area, Dr. Shellito received his
bachelor’s degree from YSU, his master’s degree from the Ohio State University, and his doctorate
from Michigan State University.
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Contents in Brief
Part 1 Geospatial Data and GPS
1 It’s a Geospatial World Out There
2 Where in the Geospatial World Are You?
3 Getting Your Data to Match the Map
4 Finding Your Location with the Global Positioning System
Part 2 Geographic Information Systems
5 Working with Digital Geospatial Data and GIS
6 Using GIS for Spatial Analysis
7 Using GIS to Make a Map
8 Getting There Quicker with Geospatial Technology
Part 3 Remote Sensing
9 Remotely Sensed Images from Above
10 How Remote Sensing Works
11 Images from Space
12 Studying Earth’s Climate and Environment from Space
Part 4 Geospatial Applications
13 Digital Landscaping
14 See the World in 3D
15 Life in the Geospatial Cloud and Other Current Developments
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Contents
Preface
PART 1 Geospatial Data and G
CHAPTER 1
It’s a Geospatial World Out There
An Introduction to Geospatial Technologies, Geospatial Jobs, Geospatial Data, Volunteered Geographic Information, Geolocation, and
Google Earth
What Is Geospatial Technology?
Who Uses Geospatial Technology?
What Is Geospatial Data?
What Does All This Have to Do with Geography?
What Is Geolocation?
What Is Google Earth?
Geospatial Lab Application 1.1:
Introduction to Geospatial Concepts and Google Earth Pro
Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology
1.1 What Happens to Privacy in a Geospatial World?
Hands-on Application
1.1 Industries Using Geospatial Technology
1.2 Jobs in the Geospatial Field
1.3 The National Map
1.4 Mapping Data Layers Online
1.5 Examining Real Estate Values Online
1.6 Geospatial Technology and Emergency Preparedness
1.7 The Geospatial Revolution Will Be Televised
1.8 User-Generated Geospatial Content Online
1.9 Where Am I Right Now?
Geospatial Apps
Geospatial Technologies in Social Media
CHAPTER 2
Where in the Geospatial World Are You?
Locations in a Digital World, Position Measurements, Datums, Coordinate Systems, GCS, Map Projections, UTM, and SPCS
What Is a Datum?
What Is a Geographic Coordinate System?
How Can Real-World Data Be Translated onto a Two-Dimensional Surface?
What Is UTM?
What Is SPCS?
Geospatial Lab Application 2.1:
Coordinates and Position Measurements
Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology
2.1 Do You Really Need Printed Maps in a Digital World?
Hands-on Application
2.1 Great Circle Distance Calculations
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2.2 Examining the Effects of Different Map Projections
2.3 Converting from Latitude/Longitude to UTM
2.4 Using the State Plane Coordinate System
Projection and Coordinate System Apps
Coordinate Systems and Projections in Social Media
CHAPTER 3
Getting Your Data to Match the Map
Reprojecting, Georeferencing, Control Points, and Transformations
How Can You Align Different Geospatial Datasets to Work Together?
What Is Georeferencing?
How Can Data Be Georeferenced?
How Is Data Transformed to a Georeferenced Format? 76
Geospatial Lab Application 3.1:
Georeferencing an Image
Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology
3.1 What Happens When Measurements Don’t Match Up?
3.2 What Happens When the Georeferencing Is Wrong?
Hands-on Application
3.1 David Rumsey Historical Map Collection
3.2 Online Georeferencing Resources
3.3 Georeferenced Historical Maps and the Spyglass
3.4 An Overview of the Georeferencing Process in ArcGIS
Georeferencing Apps
Georeferencing in Social Media
CHAPTER 4
Finding Your Location with the Global Positioning System
GPS Origins, Position Measurement, Errors, Accuracy, GNSS around the World, Applications, and Geocaching
Who Made GPS?
What Does the Global Positioning System Consist Of?
How Does GPS Find Your Position?
Why Isn’t GPS Perfectly Accurate?
How Can You Get Better Accuracy from GPS?
What Other GNSS Are There Beyond GPS?
What Are Some Applications of GPS?
Geospatial Lab Application 4.1:
GNSS Applications
Thinking Critically with Geospatial Technology
4.1 What Happens If GPS Stops Working?
Hands-on Application
4.1 Trilateration Concepts
4.2 Things to Do Before You Go Geocaching
GPS Apps
GPS and GNSS in Social Media
PART 2 Geographic Information Systems
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