Introduction to Electronic Warfare Modeling and Simulation (Artech House Radar Library)

243 Pages·2002·1.1 MB·English

by  David Adamy

Introduction to Electronic Warfare
Modeling and Simulation
ForalistingofrecenttitlesintheArtechHouseRadarLibrary,
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Introduction to Electronic Warfare
Modeling and Simulation
David L. Adamy
Artech House
Boston • London
www.artechhouse.com
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Adamy,David
Introductiontoelectronicwarfaremodelingandsimulation/DavidL.Adamy.
p. cm.—(ArtechHouseradarlibrary)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN1-58053-495-3(alk.paper)
1.Electronicsinmilitaryengineering—Mathematicalmodels. 2.Electronicsinmilitary
engineering—Computersimulation. I.Title. II.Series.
UG485.A3323 2002
355.4’01’13—dc21 2002027779
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
Adamy,David
Introductiontoelectronicwarfaremodelingandsimulation.—
(TheArtechHouseradarlibrary)
1.Electronicsinmilitaryengineering—Mathematicalmodels. 2.Electronicsinmilitary
engineering—Simulationmethods. I.Title
623’.043
ISBN1-58053-495-3
CoverdesignbyYekaterinaRatner
©2003ARTECHHOUSE,INC.
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InternationalStandardBookNumber:1-58053-495-3
LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:2002027779
10987654321
Contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Simulation 1
1.1.1 SimulationintheEWField 2
1.1.2 Modeling 2
1.2 EWSimulationApproaches 3
1.2.1 Modeling 3
1.2.2 Simulation 4
1.2.3 Emulation 5
1.3 SimulationforTraining 6
1.4 SimulationforT&E 6
1.5 ElectronicPointofView 6
1.6 FidelityinEWSimulation 7
1.7 TheTacticalBigPicture 8
v
vi IntroductiontoElectronicWarfareModelingandSimulation
1.8 SimulationVersusLifeCycle 10
2 OverviewofEW 11
2.1 Radar 12
2.1.1 BasicRadarFunction 12
2.1.2 RadarModulations 14
2.1.3 RadarCrossSection 18
2.1.4 RadarPerformance 20
2.1.5 TypesofRadars 21
2.1.6 MissileGuidanceTechniques 22
2.1.7 ReferencesforFurtherStudy 26
2.2 Communication 26
2.2.1 TacticalCommunications 27
2.2.2 DataLinks 28
2.2.3 CommunicationBands 28
2.2.4 CommunicationModulations 32
2.3 ElectronicSupport 35
2.3.1 RadarWarningReceivers 35
2.3.2 ShipboardESMSystems 39
2.3.3 BattlefieldSurveillanceSystems 40
2.4 ElectronicAttack 42
2.4.1 Jamming 43
2.4.2 CommunicationsJamming 44
2.4.3 RadarJamming 45
2.4.4 StandoffJamming 46
2.4.5 Self-protectionJamming 47
2.4.6 CoverJamming 48
2.4.7 DeceptiveJamming 49
2.4.8 DeceptiveCommunicationsJamming 51
2.4.9 Directed-EnergyWeapons 52
2.4.10 AntiradiationMissiles 52
2.4.11 InfraredCountermeasures 53
2.4.12 Chaff 55
Contents vii
2.5 Decoys 56
2.6 ElectronicProtection 59
3 MathforSimulation 61
3.1 AboutdB 61
3.1.1 ConversiontodBForm 63
3.1.2 AbsoluteValuesindBForm 64
3.1.3 dBFormsofEquations 65
3.1.4 QuickConversionstodBValues 66
3.2 SphericalTrigonometry 68
3.2.1 TheSphericalTriangle 68
3.2.2 TrigonometricRelationshipsintheSphericalTriangle 70
3.2.3 TheRightSphericalTriangle 70
3.2.4 EWApplicationsofSphericalTrigonometry 72
3.3 ThePoissonTheorem 79
3.4 Digitization 80
4 RadioPropagation 83
4.1 One-WayLinkEquation 83
4.2 PropagationLosses 86
4.2.1 SpreadingLoss 86
4.2.2 AtmosphericLoss 88
4.2.3 RainLoss 89
4.3 ReceiverSensitivity 90
4.4 EffectiveRange 93
4.5 RadarRangeEquation 95
4.6 RangeLimitationfromModulation 97
4.7 RadarDetectionRange 99
4.8 Jamming-to-SignalRatio 99
4.8.1 CommunicationJamming 100
viii IntroductiontoElectronicWarfareModelingandSimulation
4.8.2 StandoffJammingofaRadar 101
4.8.3 Self-protectionJamming 103
5 CharacterizationofEWEquipment 105
5.1 Antennas 105
5.1.1 AntennaPatternDefinitions 106
5.1.2 Polarization 107
5.1.3 TypesofAntennas 109
5.1.4 RelationshipBetweenAntennaGainand
BeamWidth 114
5.1.5 DeterminingAntennaSize 116
5.1.6 ModelingofAntennaPerformance 116
5.2 Transmitters 117
5.3 Receivers 119
5.3.1 TypesofReceivers 119
5.3.2 ReceiverSubsystems 125
5.4 Processors 126
5.4.1 SignalIdentification 126
5.4.2 OperatorInterfaces 127
5.5 EmitterLocation 127
5.5.1 BasicEmitter-LocationApproaches 127
5.5.2 Narrow-BeamAntenna 131
5.5.3 RWRAmplitudeComparison 131
5.5.4 Watson-Watt 132
5.5.5 Doppler 133
5.5.6 Interferometer 133
5.5.7 TimeDifferenceofArrival 135
5.5.8 FrequencyDifferenceofArrival 136
6 ThreatModeling 139
6.1 ModesofOperation 140
6.1.1 Ground-BasedWeapons 140
6.1.2 Track-While-ScanThreats 142
Contents ix
6.1.3 AntishipMissiles 142
6.1.4 Air-to-AirThreats 143
6.2 Modulations 144
6.2.1 PulsedSignals 144
6.2.2 ContinuousSignals 145
6.3 AntennaCharacteristics 147
6.3.1 CommunicationThreatAntennas 147
6.3.2 RadarAntennas 148
6.3.3 CircularScan 149
6.3.4 SectorScan 150
6.3.5 HelicalScan 150
6.3.6 RasterScan 151
6.3.7 ConicalScan 152
6.3.8 SpiralScan 153
6.3.9 PalmerScan 154
6.3.10 PalmerRasterScan 154
6.3.11 LobeSwitching 155
6.3.12 LobeonReceiveOnly 156
6.3.13 PhasedArray 156
6.3.14 Electronic-ElevationScanwith
Mechanical-AzimuthScan 157
6.4 SignalsLeavingTransmitterSite 158
6.5 SignalsArrivingatReceivingSite 158
7 EngagementModeling 161
7.1 GamingArea 161
7.2 Players 162
7.3 LocationandMovementofPlayers 166
7.4 PointofView 167
7.5 EngagementFidelity 168
7.6 ElectronicInteractionsBetweenPlayers 169
7.7 RunningtheEngagement 170