Introduction to Clinical Infectious Diseases: A Problem-Based Approach

465 Pages·2019·14.63 MB·English

by  Joseph Domachowske

Joseph Domachowske
Editor
Introduction to Clinical
Infectious Diseases
A Problem-Based Approach
123
Introduction to Clinical Infectious Diseases
Joseph Domachowske
Editor
Introduction to
Clinical Infectious
Diseases
A Problem-Based Approach
Editor
Joseph Domachowske
SUNY Upstate Medical University
Syracuse, New York
USA
ISBN 978-3-319-91079-6 ISBN 978-3-319-91080-2 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91080-2
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018959251
© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019
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I dedicate this book to the three people in my life who have taught me the most along the way:
Mary Beth
James
Elizabeth
Please keep up the good work. I love you dearly.
Preface
»
“Education is not filling a bucket, but lighting requiring a multidisciplinary team management
a fire” Plutarch circa 85AD approach. The reader will appreciate that, while
many of the chapters included in this book are
The most authoritative infectious disease medical written by infectious disease specialists in internal
textbooks, some in their 8th or 9th edition, can be medicine, pediatrics or both, others are authored
found on the bookshelves of nearly every infec- by pediatricians, specialists in adolescent medi-
tious disease physician currently in practice. They cine, surgical subspecialists, gastroenterologists,
are written, updated and edited by world experts cardiologists, emergency medicine specialists,
in the field and include thousands of pages of hospitalists, pharmacists and clinical microbiolo-
details on everything from amebic meningoen- gists. I know each of the corresponding authors
cephalitis to zoonotic infections. The breadth and personally. Many of them taught me during medi-
depth of the information they provide is invalu- cal school, residency and fellowship. Others were
able to those who are practicing in the subspe- students, residents or fellows who once worked
cialty, but their comprehensive format make them with me on our clinical infectious disease team,
impractical for use during month-long clinical and are now enjoying their successful careers in
electives in infectious disease, or during rotations academic medicine. All of them are gifted teach-
in outpatient primary care or hospital medicine. ers with an innate talent to spark fires of curios-
Introduction to Clinical Infectious Diseases: A ity in their trainees. I thank every one of them
Problem-Based Approach was developed to intro- for their efforts and dedication in developing this
duce student doctors, resident physicians, subspe- book. “Introduction to Clinical Infectious Dis-
cialty fellows and other health provider trainees eases: A Problem-Based Approach” is not meant
to the field of infectious diseases, by emphasizing to be comprehensive; it’s meant to engage the
basic concepts and building upon them. Infectious learner, instruct on basic concepts, and provide a
diseases impact all areas of clinical medicine, with framework on the approach to common and clas-
the more severe or unusual problems typically sic infectious disease problems.
Joseph Domachowske, MD
Syracuse, NY, USA
VII
Contents
I Infections of the Skin and Lymph Nodes
1 B acterial Infections of the Skin and Skin Structures ................................................................................ 3
Jennifer A. Nead
2 F ebrile Exanthems of Childhood ........................................................................................................................... 17
Steven D. Blatt and Daniel B. Blatt
3 A cute and Chronic Lymphadenitis. ....................................................................................................................... 25
Asalim Thabet, Rhonda Philopena, and Joseph Domachowske
II Infections of the Respiratory Tract
4 O titis, Sinusitis, and Mastoiditis ............................................................................................................................ 37
Winter S. Berry
5 P haryngitis and Pharyngeal Space Infections .............................................................................................. 53
Susannah Orzell and Amar Suryadevara
6 P ertussis and Pertussis Syndrome ........................................................................................................................ 67
Tina Q. Tan
7 L aryngitis, Tracheitis, Epiglottitis, and Bronchiolitis ............................................................................... 75
Debra Tristram
8 A typical Pneumonia ....................................................................................................................................................... 87
Elizabeth K. Nelsen
9 F ungal Pneumonia .......................................................................................................................................................... 95
Thomas S. Murray, Jennifer Ellis Girotto, and Nicholas J. Bennett
III Infections of the Heart
10 I nfective Endocarditis ................................................................................................................................................... 109
Laura E. Norton and Mary Anne Jackson
11 I nfectious Myocarditis .................................................................................................................................................. 117
Matthew Egan
12 A cute Rheumatic Fever ................................................................................................................................................. 125
Ambika Eranki
IV Infections of the Liver and Intestinal Tract
13 I nfectious Hepatitis ........................................................................................................................................................ 135
Prateek D. Wali and Manika Suryadevara
V III Contents
14 L iver Abscess ....................................................................................................................................................................... 147
Aakriti Pandita, Waleed Javaid, and Tasaduq Fazili
15 I nfectious Gastroenteritis .......................................................................................................................................... 157
Penelope H. Dennehy
V Infections of the Urogenital Tract
16 U rinary Tract Infections ............................................................................................................................................... 171
Matthew A. Mittiga
17 H uman Papillomavirus Infection ........................................................................................................................... 181
Manika Suryadevara
18 P rostatitis, Epididymitis, and Orchitis ............................................................................................................... 191
Karen L. Teelin, Tara M. Babu, and Marguerite A. Urban
19 V aginitis, Mucopurulent Cervicitis, and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ......................................... 199
Allison H. Eliscu, Zachary Jacobs, and Gale R. Burstein
20 C ongenital and Perinatal Infections .................................................................................................................... 213
Mayssa Abuali and Joseph Domachowske
VI Infections of the Central Nervous System
21 M yelitis and Acute Flaccid Paralysis .................................................................................................................... 227
Jana Shaw
22 A septic Meningitis ........................................................................................................................................................... 235
Brian D. W. Chow
23 B acterial Meningitis ....................................................................................................................................................... 245
Felicia Scaggs Huang, Rebecca C. Brady, and Joel Mortensen
24 P arameningeal Infections .......................................................................................................................................... 259
Stephen Barone
25 M eningoencephalitis ..................................................................................................................................................... 267
Manika Suryadevara
VII Toxin-Mediated Diseases, Bloodstream Infections
and Their Complications
26 T etanus, Diphtheria, and Botulism ....................................................................................................................... 285
Roberto Parulan Santos and Mary George
27 T oxic Shock Syndrome .................................................................................................................................................. 301
Tsoline Kojaoghlanian
28 B acteremia and Bacterial Sepsis ............................................................................................................................ 309
Richard Cantor and Kuldip Sunny Kainth
29 C atheter-Related Bloodstream Infections (CRBSIs) .................................................................................. 315
Kengo Inagaki and Rana E. El Feghaly
IX
Contents
30 O steomyelitis and Septic Arthritis........................................................................................................................ 327
Angela L. Myers
31 C andidiasis ........................................................................................................................................................................... 335
Ankhi Dutta
VIII Tick and Mosquito Borne Diseases and Tropical Infections
of Global Importance
32 L yme Disease. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 343
Nicholas J. Bennett
33 R ocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Other Rickettsioses ...................................................................... 355
Asif Noor, Amy B. Triche, and Leonard R. Krilov
34 M alaria..................................................................................................................................................................................... 365
Andrea Shaw and Joseph Domachowske
35 Y ellow Fever and Dengue ........................................................................................................................................... 375
Zachary A. Jones and Stephen J. Thomas
36 C hagas Disease: South American Trypanosomiasis .................................................................................. 385
Joseph F. Toth III and Joseph Domachowske
37 L eptospirosis ....................................................................................................................................................................... 393
Daniel Lichtenstein and Joseph Domachowske
38 L eprosy .................................................................................................................................................................................... 401
Megan A. Harris and Joseph Domachowske
39 N eurocysticercosis........................................................................................................................................................... 409
Paris Hantzidiamantis and Joseph Domachowske
IX Human Immune Deficiency Virus
40 H uman Immunodeficiency Virus I: History, Epidemiology, Transmission,
and Pathogenesis ............................................................................................................................................................ 417
Bradford Becken III, Ami Multani, Simi Padival, and Coleen K. Cunningham
41 H uman Immunodeficiency Virus II: Clinical Presentation,
Opportunistic Infections, Treatment, and Prevention ........................................................................... 425
Ami Multani, Bradford Becken III, and Simi Padival
X Essentials of Diagnostic Microbiology
42 E ssentials of Diagnostic Microbiology ............................................................................................................... 439
Scott W. Riddell and Soma Sanyal
Supplementary Information
Answers to the Chapter Exercises .......................................................................................................................................462
Index ............................................................................................................................................................................................473
Contributors
Mayssa Abuali, MD Rebecca C. Brady, MD
Department of Pediatrics Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics
Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Philadelphia, PA, USA Cincinnati, OH, USA
[e-mail] [e-mail]
Tara M. Babu, MD, MSCI Gale R. Burstein, MD, MPH
Infectious Diseases Division County Department of Health
Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Buffalo, NY, USA
Rochester, NY, USA [e-mail]
[e-mail]
Richard Cantor, MD
Stephen Barone, MD Pediatric Emergency Medicine Department
Department of Pediatrics Upstate Medical University
Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Syracuse, NY, USA
Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Medical [e-mail]
Center of New York
New Hyde Park, NY, USA Brian D. W. Chow, MD
[e-mail] Tufts Medical Center
Boston, MA, USA
Bradford Becken III, MD
[e-mail]
Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseasess
Duke University Medical Center Coleen K. Cunningham, MD
Durham, NC, USA Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
[e-mail] Duke University Medical Center
Durham, NC, USA
Nicholas J. Bennett, MB BChir, PhD
[e-mail]
Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology
Connecticut Children’s Medical Center
Penelope H. Dennehy, MD
Hartford, CT, USA
Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
[e-mail]
Rhode Island Hospital
Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Winter S. Berry, DO
Providence, RI, USA
Department of Pediatrics
[e-mail]
SUNY Upstate Medical University
Syracuse, NY, USA
Joseph Domachowske, MD
[e-mail]
SUNY Upstate Medical University
Syracuse, NY, USA
Daniel B. Blatt, MD
[e-mail]
Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Department of Pediatrics
Ankhi Dutta, MD, MPH
Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University
Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Providence, RI, USA
Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine
[e-mail]
Houston, TX, USA
[e-mail]
Steven D. Blatt, MD
Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics
Matthew Egan, MD
Upstate Medical University
Division of Pediatric Cardiology
Syracuse, NY, USA
Department of Pediatrics
[e-mail]
Upstate Medical University
Syracuse, NY, USA
[e-mail]