Introduction to Antenna Placement and Installation (Aerospace Series (PEP))

426 Pages·2010·8.96 MB·English

by  Thereza Macnamara

INTRODUCTION TO
ANTENNA PLACEMENT
AND INSTALLATION
Aerospace Series List
PrinciplesofFlightSimulation Allerton October2009
AircraftFuelSystems Langton,Clark,Hewitt,Richards May2009
ComputationalModellingandSimulationofAircraft Diston April2009
andtheEnvironment:Volume1–Platform
KinematicsandSyntheticEnvironment
TheGlobalAirTransportSystem Belobaba,Barnhart,Odoni April2009
HandbookofSpaceTechnology Ley,Wittmann&Hallmann April2009
SurrogateModellinginEngineeringDesign: Forrester,Sobester&Keane August2008
APracticalGuide
AircraftPerformanceTheoryandPracticeforPilots Swatton August2008
AircraftSystems,3rdEdition Moir&Seabridge March2008
IntroductiontoAircraftAeroelasticityandLoads Wright&Cooper December2007
StabilityandControlofAircraftSystems Langton Sept2006
MilitaryAvionicsSystems Moir&Seabridge February2006
DesignandDevelopmentofAircraftSystems Moir&Seabridge June2004
AircraftLoadingandStructuralLayout Howe May2004
AircraftDisplaySystems Jukes December2003
CivilAvionicsSystems Moir&Seabridge December2002
INTRODUCTION TO
ANTENNA PLACEMENT
AND INSTALLATION
Thereza M. Macnamara BSc, MSc (London)
A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication
Thiseditionfirstpublished2010
2010,JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd
Registeredoffice
JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UnitedKingdom
Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservicesandforinformationabouthowtoapplyforpermissionto
reusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteatwww.wiley.com.
Therightoftheauthortobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordance withtheCopyright,
DesignsandPatentsAct1988.
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyform
orbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermittedbytheUKCopyright,
DesignsandPatentsAct1988,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher.
Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprintmaynotbeavailable
inelectronicbooks.
Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and
productnamesusedinthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,trademarksorregisteredtrademarksoftheirrespective
owners.Thepublisherisnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook.Thispublicationisdesigned
toprovideaccurateandauthoritativeinformationinregardtothesubjectmattercovered.Itissoldontheunderstanding
thatthepublisher isnotengaged inrendering professional services. Ifprofessional adviceorotherexpert assistance is
required,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbesought.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Macnamara,Thereza.
Introductiontoantennaplacementandinstallation/TherezaMacNamara.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-470-01981-8(cloth)
1.Airplanes–Radioantennas–Installation.2.Antennaradiationpatterns.I.Title.
TL694.A6M282010
621.382(cid:1)4–dc22
2010000252
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
ISBN:9780470019818(Hbk)
Typesetin10/12TimesbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India.
PrintedinSingaporebyMarkano
This book is dedicated to my three granddaughters Shanti Jasmine
(AKA Cheeky), Sophia Jane Zahra (AKA Softie) and Teya Mared
(AKA Twinks) who will hopefully read it when they are older.

Contents
About the Author xv
Preface xvii
Series Preface xxi
1 Basic Antenna and Propagation Theory 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Characteristics of Electromagnetic Waves 2
1.2.1 Reflection 3
1.2.2 Refraction 4
1.2.3 Diffraction 8
1.3 Interaction between Two Waves 10
1.3.1 Waveformsin the Time Domain 10
1.3.2 Phasors 12
1.4 Polarization 15
1.4.1 LinearPolarization 16
1.4.2 Circularand Elliptical Polarization 16
1.4.3 AxialRatio 19
1.4.4 Measurementof Polarization Purity 20
1.5 Characteristics of an Antenna 21
1.5.1 Radiation Patterns 22
1.5.2 Directivity,Gain and Efficiency 29
1.5.3 Electricaland MechanicalBoresight 30
1.5.4 Beamwidthand Gain ofthe Main Lobe 30
1.5.5 Position andMagnitude of the Lobes 32
1.5.6 Bandwidth 33
1.5.7 Polarization 35
1.5.8 PowerHandling 36
1.6 Propagation 36
1.6.1 PowerFlux Density 36
1.6.2 GuidedWaves 38
1.6.3 FreeSpace Waves 42
References 44
2 Aircraft Systems Using Antennas 45
viii Contents
2.1 Aircraft Systems 45
2.2 Frequencies of the Most Common Aircraft Systems 46
2.3 Automatic Direction Finding 46
2.4 Distress/SOS 49
2.5 Distance Measuring Equipment 49
2.6 Electronic Counter Measures 50
2.7 Electronic Support Systems 51
2.7.1 Frequency 51
2.7.2 Positional Information 51
2.7.3 DOAfrom Antenna Position 51
2.7.4 DOAUsing Amplitude Comparison 52
2.7.5 DOA Using Phase Comparison 54
2.8 Emergency Locator Transmitter/Emergency Position Indicating
Radio Beacon 55
2.9 Global Positioning System 56
2.10 HF 58
2.11 Instrument Landing System 59
2.11.1 ILSMarker 59
2.11.2 ILSGlideslope and Localizer 60
2.12 In-Flight Telephony 63
2.13 Microwave Landing System 64
2.14 Radar 65
2.14.1 DopplerShift 65
2.14.2 RadAlt 67
2.14.3 SearchRadar 67
2.14.4 WeatherRadar 68
2.14.5 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) 69
2.14.6 SecondarySurveillance Radar 69
2.15 SatCom Civilian 70
2.15.1 INMARSAT 70
2.15.2 Globalstar 71
2.15.3 Iridium 71
2.15.4 SKYLink 71
2.15.5 Teledesic 71
2.15.6 SatCom Airborne Antennas 71
2.16 Signals Intelligence 73
2.16.1 Communications Intelligence 74
2.16.2 Electronic Intelligence 74
2.17 Tactical Air Navigation 75
2.18 Traffic Collision Avoidance System 76
2.19 Telemetry 77
2.20 UHF 78
2.21 VHF Comms 78
2.22 VHF Omnidirectional Ranging 79
2.23 Equipment Designation 80
References 83