Introduction in the technical design for anaerobic treatment design for anaerobic treatment systems

57 Pages·2010·0.8 MB·English

USTB
Introduction to Ecological Sanitation
University of Sci & Tech Beijing
Introduction in the technical
ddeessiiggnn ffoorr aannaaeerroobbiicc ttrreeaattmmeenntt
systems
& DEWATS
Dipl.-Ing. Heinz-Peter Mang
USTB
Introduction to Ecological Sanitation
University of Sci & Tech Beijing
Sanitary biogas systems
• … aarree eeffffiicciieenntt, hhyyggiieenniicc aanndd eeccoollooggiiccaallllyy ssoouunndd wwaasstteewwaatteerr
treatment units with the additional benefits of energy production
and an effluent of high nutrient content.
• … ccaann bbee ccoommbbiinneedd wwiitthh aannyy ttyyppee ooff ((llooww-))fflluusshh ttooiilleett ((iinncclluuddiinngg
pour flush) and their effluent can be used directly for fertiliser
application and irrigation.
• … ccaann bbee ffoolllloowweedd bbyy ccoonnssttrruucctteedd wweettllaannddss oorr ootthheerr aaeerroobbiicc
tertiary treatment to allow other forms of reuse of the effluent for
car-washing, toilet flushing or outdoor cleaning purposes.
• TThhee ttrreeaattmmeenntt ooff oorrggaanniicc ssoolliidd kkiittcchheenn aanndd ggaarrddeenn wwaasstteess ccaann
also be integrated into the concept to increase biogas production
and reduce household waste.
• UUnnlliikkee sseeppttiicc ttaannkk ssyysstteemmss, ssaanniittaarryy bbiiooggaass uunniittss ddoo nnoott rreeqquuiirree
frequent sludge removal.
USTB
Introduction to Ecological Sanitation
University of Sci & Tech Beijing
PPaarraammeetteerrss wwhhiicchh aarree iinnfflluueenncciinngg tthhee ddiiggeessttiioonn
process are
• FFeeeeddiinngg ccaarrbboonn
• Mix fresh and old material inoculation
• WWaatteerr pphhyyssiiccaall
• Temperature conditions
•• ppHH vvaalluuee mmiilliieeuu
• Retention time time to act
BIOGAS
USTB
Introduction to Ecological Sanitation
University of Sci & Tech Beijing
Technological alternatives
FFllooaattiinngg ddrruumm
technology
USTB
Introduction to Ecological Sanitation
University of Sci & Tech Beijing
Canvas Covered Digester
FFoorr hhuuggee aammoouunnttss ooff wwaassttee,,
Canvas sealed by water canal
USTB
Introduction to Ecological Sanitation
University of Sci & Tech Beijing
Fixed dome digester
WWiitthh ttooiilleett aanndd iinnlleett ffoorr aanniimmaall mmaannuurree aanndd
wastewater
USTB
Introduction to Ecological Sanitation
University of Sci & Tech Beijing
Flexi Plant
RRuubbbbeerr BBaalllloooonn
USTB
Introduction to Ecological Sanitation
University of Sci & Tech Beijing
UUp ffllow AAnaerobbiic SSlluddge BBllankkett ((UUAASSBB))
FFoorr aaggrroo iinndduussttrriiaall
waste water
External ggas store
USTB
Introduction to Ecological Sanitation
University of Sci & Tech Beijing
Substrata for Digestion
Dry pit latrine waste - Biolatrine
Flush toilet waste - Biodigester Septic Tank
Animal waste - Agricultural Biodigester
Agro-Industrial wastewater High Rate Digester,
sshhoorrtt rreetteennttiioonn ttiimmee ((UUAASSBB))
Solid organic waste - High Rate Digester,
lloonngg rreetteennttiioonn ttiimmee
USTB
Introduction to Ecological Sanitation
University of Sci & Tech Beijing
System is applicable under the following conditions
• Suitable under most conditions – floating of the facility during
consttructtiion mustt bbe preventtedd iin areas off hhiighh grounddwatter. NNott
suitable in areas of great water scarcity or rocky underground.
• Public buildings incl. schools with secured – even if limited –
watter supplly, allllowiing reuse.
• Newly constructed residential areas with individual toilets
attached via a small bore sewer, gravity sewer or vacuum
nneettwoorrkk.
• Sanitary biogas systems should compete with costs for septic
tanks.
• Community sanitation centres in permanent settlements, where
residents cannot construct private toilets, due to financial,
topographic or limited space conditions.
• Depending on local conditions different designs may be
appropriate and could be adapted with design support from
biogas technology experts.