Intravascular Imaging: Current Applications and Research Developments

479 Pages·2011·8.933 MB·English

by  Vasilios D. Tsakanikas, Vasilios D. Tsakanikas, Lampros K. Michalis, Dimitrios I. Fotiadis, Katerina K. Naka, Christos V. Bourantas

Intravascular Imaging:
Current Applications and
Research Developments
Vasilios D. Tsakanikas
University of Ioannina, Greece
Dimitrios I. Fotiadis
University of Ioannina, Greece
Lampros K. Michalis
University of Ioannina, Greece
Katerina K. Naka
University of Ioannina, Greece
Christos V. Bourantas
Castle Hill Hospital, UK
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Intravascular imaging: current applications and research developments / Vasilios D. Tsakanikas ... [et al.], editors.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: “This book presents available intravascular imaging techniques and analyzes their impact in clinical practice and
research”--Provided by publisher.
ISBN 978-1-61350-095-8 (hardcover) -- ISBN 978-1-61350-096-5 (ebook) -- ISBN 978-1-61350-097-2 (print & perpetual
access)
I. Tsakanikas, Vasilios D., 1983-
[DNLM: 1. Coronary Artery Disease--ultrasonography. 2. Ultrasonography, Interventional--methods. 3. Diagnostic
Imaging--methods. WG 300]
LC classification not assigned
617.4’1207543--dc23
2011030000
British Cataloguing in Publication Data
A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library.
All work contributed to this book is new, previously-unpublished material. The views expressed in this book are those of the
authors, but not necessarily of the publisher.
Editorial Advisory Board
Metin Akay, Arizona State University, USA
Angela Hoye, Castle Hill Hospital, UK
Jurgen Ligthart, Erasmus Medical Center, The Netherlands
Miodrag C. Ostojic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Serbia
Obeardan Parodi, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, Italy
Michael R. Rees, Bangor University, UK
Christodoulos Stefanadis, University of Athens, Greece
Attila Thury, University of Szeged, Hungary
Ann C. Tweddel, Castle Hill Hospital, UK
List of Reviewers
Christos Bourantas, Castle Hill Hospital, UK
Dimitrios Fotiadis, University of Ioannina, Greece
Michalis Lampros, University of Ioannina, Greece
Katerina Naka, University of Ioannina, Greece
Michael Papafaklis, Harvard Medical School, USA
Obeardan Parodi, Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital, Italy
Francesco Prati, San Giovanni Hospital, Italy
Scot Garg, Erasmus Medical Center, The Netherlands
Konstantinos Toutouzas, Athens Medical School, Greece
Vasilios Tsakanikas, University of Ioannina, Greece
Table of Contents
Preface ................................................................................................................................................xvii
Section 1
Intravascular Ultrasound
Chapter 1
Basic Principles of Image Acquisition ....................................................................................................1
Ourania Katsarou, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece
Manolis Vavuranakis, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece
Chapter 2
Intravascular Image Interpretation ........................................................................................................10
Katerina K. Naka, University of Ioannina, Greece
Nikolaos D. Papamichael, University of Ioannina, Greece
Chapter 3
IVUS Image Processing Methodologies ...............................................................................................36
Antonis A. Sakellarios, University of Ioannina, Greece
Christos V. Bourantas, Castle Hill Hospital, UK
Lambros S. Athanasiou, University of Ioannina, Greece
Dimitrios I. Fotiadis, University of Ioannina, Greece
Lampros K. Michalis, University of Ioannina, Greece
Chapter 4
Analysis of Radiofrequency Ultrasound Signals: Tissue Characterization with
Virtual Histology and Palpography .......................................................................................................55
Attila Thury, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands & University of Szeged, Hungary
Héctor M. Garcia-Garcia, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
Evelyn Regar, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
Chapter 5
Implications of Intracoronary Ultrasound Imaging for Clinical Practice .............................................94
Christos V. Bourantas, Castle Hill Hospital, UK
Katerina K. Naka, University of Ioannina, Greece
Scot Garg, Castle Hill Hospital, UK
Farqad M. Alamgir, Castle Hill Hospital, UK
Angela Hoye, Castle Hill Hospital, UK
Lampros K. Michalis, University of Ioannina, Greece
Chapter 6
Research Utility of Intravascular Ultrasound .....................................................................................109
Hector M. Garcia-Garcia, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
Scot Garg, Royal Blackburn Hospital, UK
Salvatore Brugaletta, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
Roberto Diletti, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
Eun-Seok Shin, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands & University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea
Patrick W. Serruys, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
Section 2
Imaging by Angioscopy
Chapter 7
Imaging by Angioscopy ......................................................................................................................138
Michael Rees, Bangor University, UK
Section 3
Thermography
Chapter 8
Thermography: Basic Principles of Data Acquisition ........................................................................148
Konstantinos Toutouzas, Athens Medical School, Greece
Maria Drakopoulou, Athens Medical School, Greece
Christodoulos Stefanadis, Athens Medical School, Greece
Chapter 9
Research and Clinical Utility of Thermography .................................................................................162
Konstantinos Toutouzas, Athens Medical School, Greece
Eleftherios Tsiamis, Athens Medical School, Greece
Maria Drakopoulou, Athens Medical School, Greece
Christodoulos Stefanadis, Athens Medical School, Greece
Section 4
Optical Coherence Tomography
Chapter 10
Optical Coherence Tomography: Basic Principles of Image Acquisition ...........................................180
Lambros S. Athanasiou, University of Ioannina, Greece
Nico Bruining, Erasmus MC, The Netherlands
Francesco Prati, San Giovanni Hospital, Italy
Dimitris Koutsouris, National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Chapter 11
Optical Coherence Tomography: Image Interpretation and Image Processing Methodologies .........194
Simon D. Thackray, Castle Hill Hospital, UK
Christos V. Bourantas, Castle Hill Hospital, UK
Poay Huan Loh, Castle Hill Hospital, UK
Vasilios D. Tsakanikas, University of Ioannina, Greece
Dimitrios I. Fotiadis, University of Ioannina, Greece
Chapter 12
OCT in the Clinical Practice and Data from Clinical Studies.............................................................209
Francesco Prati, San Giovanni Hospital, Italy & CLI Foundation, Italy
Alessandro Di Giorgio, Ferrarotto Hospital, Italy, & ETNA Foundation, Italy
Vito Ramazzotti, San Giovanni Hospital, Italy
Maria Teresa Mallus, San Giovanni Hospital, Italy
Chapter 13
Research Utility of Optical Coherence Tomography ..........................................................................220
Konstantinos Toutouzas, Athens Medical School, Greece
Antonios Karanasos, Athens Medical School, Greece
Christodoulos Stefanadis, Athens Medical School, Greece
Section 5
Intracoronary Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Chapter 14
Intravascular Imaging of Lipid Core Plaque by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy ....................................240
Emmanouil S. Brilakis, Dallas VA Medical Center, USA
Stephen T. Sum, InfraReDx, USA
Sean P. Madden, InfraReDx, USA
James E. Muller, InfraReDx, USA
Section 6
Intracardiac Echocardiography
Chapter 15
Intracardiac Echocardiography: Procedural Steps and Clinical Application ......................................261
Rajesh K Nair, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
Poay Huan Loh, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
Lars Sondergaard, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
Section 7
Fusion Methodologies
Chapter 16
Analysis of the Existing Data Fusion Methodologies for 3D Coronary Imaging ...............................278
Panagiotis Siogkas, University of Ioannina, Greece
Dimitrios I. Fotiadis, University of Ioannina, Greece
Christos V. Bourantas, Castle Hill Hospital, UK
Ann C. Tweddel, Castle Hill Hospital, UK
Scot Garg, Royal Blackburn Hospital, UK
Lampros K. Michalis, University of Ioannina, Greece
Dimitris Koutsouris, National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Section 8
Current Status of Vascular Imaging
Chapter 17
Current Status of Intravascular Imaging with IVUS and OCT: The Clinical Implications
of Intravascular Imaging .....................................................................................................................293
Angela Hoye, Castle Hill Hospital, UK
Chapter 18
Current Clinical Status of Vascular Non-Invasive Imaging Methodologies .......................................309
Thanjavur Bragadeesh, University of Hull, UK
Ann C. Tweddel, University of Hull, UK
Section 9
Intravascular Imaging and Haemodynamics
Chapter 19
Intravascular Imaging and Haemodynamics: The Role of Shear Stress in Atherosclerosis
and In-Stent Restenosis .......................................................................................................................326
Michail I. Papafaklis, Harvard Medical School, USA & University of Ioannina, Greece
Lampros K. Michalis, University of Ioannina, Greece
Section 10
Future Trends in Intravascular Imaging
Chapter 20
Future Trends in Intravascular Imaging ..............................................................................................350
George Giannoglou, AHEPA University General Hospital, Greece & Aristotle
University of Thessaloniki Medical School, Greece
Yiannis Chatzizisis, AHEPA University General Hospital, Greece & Aristotle
University of Thessaloniki Medical School, Greece
Chapter 21
Future Trends in 3D Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Reconstruction .............................................355
George D. Giannoglou, AHEPA University General Hospital, Greece & Aristotle
University of Thessaloniki Medical School, Greece
Antonios P. Antoniadis, AHEPA University General Hospital, Greece & Aristotle
University of Thessaloniki Medical School, Greece
Chapter 22
Future Trends in Coronary CT Angiography ......................................................................................360
George Giannoglou, AHEPA University General Hospital, Greece & Aristotle University
of Thessaloniki Medical School, Greece
Sotirios Katranas, AHEPA University General Hospital, Greece & Aristotle University
of Thessaloniki Medical School, Greece
Chapter 23
Coronary Plaque Vulnerability: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms
and Novel Imaging Modalities ............................................................................................................367
George D. Giannoglou, AHEPA University General Hospital, Greece & Aristotle University
Medical School, Greece
Konstantinos C. Koskinas, AHEPA University General Hospital, Greece & Aristotle
University Medical School, Greece
Compilation of References ...............................................................................................................375
About the Contributors ....................................................................................................................441
Index ...................................................................................................................................................452
Detailed Table of Contents
Preface ................................................................................................................................................xvii
Section 1
Intravascular Ultrasound
Chapter 1
Basic Principles of Image Acquisition ....................................................................................................1
Ourania Katsarou, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece
Manolis Vavuranakis, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Greece
Before proceeding with the clinical and research utility of Intravascular Imaging, it is important to ex-
amine in detail the principles that the acquisition of the IVUS signal is based on. This chapter provides
an insight into the principles of the IVUS imaging, while describing the image quality factors. Addition-
ally, the equipment for IVUS examination is described, and the acquisition and display techniques are
detailed. Finally, a brief summary of the limitations of the IVUS signal is attempted.
Chapter 2
Intravascular Image Interpretation ........................................................................................................10
Katerina K. Naka, University of Ioannina, Greece
Nikolaos D. Papamichael, University of Ioannina, Greece
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is an imaging modality often used as a supplement to coronary angiog-
raphy and allows accurate assessment of the lumen, vessel wall, and atherosclerotic plaque. A coherent
interpretation of the IVUS images requires identification of the image artefacts that emerge during IVUS
interrogation and can often be quite difficult. This chapter describes the morphologic appearance of the
structures seen in IVUS, presents the morphologic characteristics of the different types of plaque, and
summarizes the nomenclature and definitions used during IVUS interpretation. Moreover, it focuses
on the quantitative analysis and reports the measurements obtained during IVUS processing. Finally,
it presents some of the clinical (e.g. assessment of the extent and severity of a lesion, treatment plan-
ning) and research (e.g. evaluation of atherosclerotic progression/regression, transplant vasculopathy,
peripheral arterial disease) applications of this modality aiming to highlight its value in the clinical and
research arena.