Table Of ContentJohn G. McGraw
Personality
Disorders and
States of Aloneness
Intimacy and Aloneness
A Multi-Volume Study in
Philosophical Psychology,
Volume Two
value inquiry book series
PERSONALITY DISORDERS AND
STATES OF ALONENESS
VIBS
Volume 246
Robert Ginsberg
Founding Editor
Leonidas Donskis
Executive Editor
Associate Editors
G. John M. Abbarno Steven V. Hicks
George Allan Richard T. Hull
Gerhold K. Becker Michael Krausz
Raymond Angelo Belliotti Olli Loukola
Kenneth A. Bryson Mark Letteri
C. Stephen Byrum Vincent L. Luizzi
Robert A. Delfino Hugh P. McDonald
Rem B. Edwards Adrianne McEvoy
Malcolm D. Evans J.D. Mininger
Roland Faber Peter A. Redpath
Andrew Fitz-Gibbon Arleen L. F. Salles
Francesc Forn i Argimon John R. Shook
Daniel B. Gallagher Eddy Souffrant
William C. Gay Tuija Takala
Dane R. Gordon Emil Višňovský
J. Everet Green Anne Waters
Heta Aleksandra Gylling James R. Watson
Matti Häyry John R. Welch
Brian G. Henning Thomas Woods
a volume in
Philosophy and Psychology
PAP
Mark Letteri, Editor
INTIMACY AND ALONENESS
A Multi-Volume Study in Philosophical Psychology
Volume Two
PERSONALITY DISORDERS AND
STATES OF ALONENESS
John G. McGraw
Amsterdam - New York, NY 2012
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Philosophy and Psychology
(PAP)
Mark Letteri
Editor
Other Titles in PAP
Amihud Gilead. The Privacy of the Psychical. 2011. VIBS 223
John G. McGraw. Intimacy and Isolation (Intimacy and Aloneness. A Multivo-
lume Study in Philosophical Psychology, Volume I). 2010. VIBS 221
Fernand Vial. The Unconscious in Philosophy, and French and European
Literature. 2009. VIBS 203
Amihud Gilead. Necessity and Truthful Fictions. 2009. VIBS 202
Mark Letteri. Heidegger and the Question of Psychology. 2009. VIBS 200
Steven M. Rosen. Dimensions of Apeiron. 2004. VIBS 154
Christine M. Koggel, Allannah Furlong, and Charles Levin, eds. Confidential
Relationships. 2003. VIBS 141
Sandra A. Wawrytko, ed. The Problem of Evil. 2000. VIBS 90
Amihud Gilead. Saving Possibilities. 1999. VIBS 80
Jon Mills and Janusz A. Polanowski. The Ontology of Prejudice. 1997. VIBS 58
CONTENTS
EDITORIAL FOREWORD BY MARK LETTERI xi
PREFACE xiii
ONE Introduction 1
1. The DSM Personality Disorders 1
2. Personality Disorder Units: Groups and Clusters 2
3. SCRAM: Five American Societal Illnesses and a
Facilitator of Pathological Personalities 3
4. Personality Disorder Classification Models: The
DSM Categorical and FFM Dimensional 6
TWO Aloneness 9
1. Introduction 9
2. Loneliness: Its Notion 10
3. Loneliness: A Classification 11
4. Fundamental Interpersonal Motivations 13
5. Personality Disorders and Motivational Modalities 14
6. Aloners 18
7. States of Aloneness and Personality Disorders:
Amplification and Summation 35
THREE The Aloneness of Solipsism 43
1. Solipsism and Existence 43
2. A Fivefold Division 43
3. The Solipsistic Self 44
4. Psychological Solipsism 46
5. Psychotic Solipsism and Loneliness 47
6. Schizophrenic Isolation 52
7. Schizophrenics and the Ten Types of Loneliness 57
8. The Schizophrenic Spectrum 62
9. The “Schizoidic” Condition 65
10. Egological Solipsism 67
11. Solipsism and the “Lone(ly) Thinker” 68
FOUR Personality: Its Nature and Number 73
1. Personality: Problem and Mystery 73
2. The Person: The Most Special Individual 74
3. Autonomy and Homonomy 76
4. Atomism and Monism 80
5. Personality: Changeless or Changing 83
6. Personality Structures: Body, Mind, and Soul 86
viii PERSONALITY DISORDERS AND STATES OF ALONENESS
7. Personality Functions: Cognitive, Emotive,
and Conative 87
8. Personality: Constitutional and Characterological
Components 89
9. Personality: Normality, Abnormality, and
Supranormality 92
10. The Interface between the Normal and Abnormal
Personality 103
11. Personality: Health and Happiness 106
12. Personality and Mental-Moral Health: Par,
Subpar, and Suprapar 108
FIVE Personality: Its Disorders 115
1. Personality: Intimacy, Loneliness, and Health 115
2. Personality Disorders: Self-Centeredness and
the Lack of Intimacy 116
3. Personality and Interpersonality 117
4. The DSM: Personality Disorders and
Interpersonality 122
5. Two Taxonomies of Personality Disorders 126
6. Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Loneliness 148
SIX Personality Pathologies: Failures in Intimate Relatedness 151
1. The Pathological Personality: A Failure at
Interpersonality 151
2. Personality Disorders: Insufficient, Off the Mark,
and Toxic 152
3. Personality Disturbances as Mental Trait Disorders 156
4. Personality Disorders: Abnormalities in
Relatedness 161
5. Personality Disturbances as Interaction Disorders 165
6. Personality Disorders as Originating in the Family 168
7. The Pervasiveness of Loneliness and Personality
Disorders 175
8. The DSM and Interpersonal Connections 179
9. Possible Locations of Loneliness in the DSM Divi-
sions of Mental Disorders and Mental Problems 181
SEVEN Personality Disorder Divisions 185
1. Multiple versus Single Foundations for
Aggregating Personality Disorders 185
2. Lack of Clarity and Coherence in the DSM
Clustering System 187
3. Personality Disorders as Psycho-Ethical Failures 192
Contents ix
4. Personality Disorders and Gender 198
5. Personality Disorders: Syntonicity and Dystonicity 201
6. Conflict with Self or Others 207
7. Personality Disorders: Approach and Avoidance 209
8. The Dionysian and Apollonian Archetypes 211
9. Personality Integrations and Disintegrations:
Negative and Positive 216
10. Personality: Autonomy and Homonomy 221
11. Deficiencies in Current Personality Disorder
Theory 227
12. Categorical and Dimensional Paradigms 229
EIGHT Personality Disorders, Neuroticism, and Loneliness 237
1. Neuroticism and Personality Disorders 237
2. Loneliness and Neurotic Traits 239
3. The Negativism of Lonelies and Neurotics 262
4. Loneliness and the Negativism of Pessimism
and Cynicism 264
5. The Ranking of the FFM Neurotic Traits and
the Personality Disorder Groupings 270
6. Four Ways of Allying Loneliness with
Personality Traits and Disorders 272
NINE Personality Constituents: Choice, Compellment, and Chance 275
1. Self-Determinism (Freedom) 275
2. Determinism (Necessitarianism) 275
3. Indeterminism (Chance) 277
4. The Limits of Self-Determinism 277
5. Mental State and Mental Trait Disorders:
Causality and Acausality 280
6. Freedom and Normality of Personality 282
7. Personality Disorders and Choice 284
8. Personologists: Self-Determinism versus
Determinism 287
9. Self-Determinism, Determinism, and Heritability 290
10. Personality Disorders: Freedom, Necessitarianism,
and Chance 295
TEN Amenability to Personality Change: Theories, Therapies,
and Therapists 299
1. Personality Change 299
2. Amenability to Therapy 304
3. Personality: Alteration and the Five Factor Model 313
4. Loneliness and Amenability to Therapy 317
x PERSONALITY DISORDERS AND STATES OF ALONENESS
5. Optimal Therapies 318
6. Optimal Therapists 322
7. Therapies, Therapists, and the Normative 326
CONCLUSION 333
WORKS CITED 337
Appendix A: SCRAM: Five American Social Illnesses 347
Appendix B: Five Factor Model of Personality (FFM) 349
Appendix C: DSM-IV Personality Disorders 351
ABOUT THE AUTHOR 361
NAME INDEX 363
SUBJECT INDEX 367
