Table Of ContentInterrogation in War and Conflict
This edited volume offers a comparative and interdisciplinary analysis of inter-
rogation and questioning in war and conflict in the twentieth century.
Despite the current public interest and its military importance, interroga-
tion and questioning in conflict is still a largely under- researched theme. This
volume’s methodological thrust is to select historical case studies ranging in
time from the Great War to the conflicts in former Yugoslavia, and including
the Second World War, decolonization, the Cold War, the ‘Troubles’ in North-
ern Ireland and international justice cases in The Hague, each of which raises
interdisciplinary issues about the role of interrogation. These case studies were
selected because they resurface previously unexplored sources on the topic, or
revisit known cases that allow us to analyse the role of interrogation and ques-
tioning in intelligence, security and military operations.
Written by a group of experts from a range of disciplines including history,
intelligence, psychology, law and human rights, Interrogation in War and Conflict
provides a study of the main turning points in interrogation and questioning in
twentieth-c entury conflicts, over a wide geographical area. The collection also
looks at issues such as the extent of the use of harsh techniques, the value of
interrogation to military intelligence, security and international justice, the
development of interrogation as a separate profession in intelligence, as well as
the relationship between interrogation and questioning and wider society.
This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, stra-
tegic studies, counterterrorism, international justice, history and IR in general.
Christopher Andrew is Emeritus Professor of Modern and Contemporary
History at Cambridge University, founding convenor of the Cambridge Intelli-
gence Seminar, Honorary Professor at Queen’s University, Belfast, former vis-
iting Professor of National Security at Harvard and former Official Historian
of MI5. His 18 books include a number on intelligence. The most recent is The
Defence of the Realm: The Authorised History of MI5. Professor Andrew is a founding
editor of Intelligence and National Security.
Simona Tobia is a lecturer in the School of Literature and Languages at the
University of Reading. She is co-a uthor, with Hilary Footitt, of War Talk: The
Role of Foreign Languages in World War II (2012).
Studies in Intelligence Series
General Editors: Richard J. Aldrich and Christopher Andrew
British Military Intelligence in the Intelligence Analysis and
Palestine Campaign, 1914–1918 Assessment
Yigal Sheffy Edited by David A. Charters,
Stuart Farson and Glenn P. Hastedt
British Military Intelligence in the
Crimean War, 1854–1856 TET 1968
Stephen M. Harris Understanding the surprise
Ronnie E. Ford
Allied and Axis Signals Intelligence
Intelligence and Imperial Defence
in World War II
British intelligence and the
Edited by David Alvarez
defence of the Indian Empire
1904–1924
Knowing Your Friends
Richard J. Popplewell
Intelligence inside alliances and
coalitions from 1914 to the Cold
Espionage
War
Past, present, future?
Edited by Martin S. Alexander
Edited by Wesley K. Wark
Eternal Vigilance
The Australian Security Intelligence
50 years of the CIA
Organization
Edited by Rhodri Jeffreys- Jones and
An unofficial history
Christopher Andrew
Frank Cain
Nothing Sacred Policing Politics
Nazi espionage against the Vatican, Security intelligence and the liberal
1939–1945 democratic state
David Alvarez and Peter Gill
Revd. Robert A. Graham
From Information to Intrigue
Intelligence Investigations Studies in secret service based on
How Ultra changed history the Swedish experience, 1939–1945
Ralph Bennett C. G. McKay
Dieppe Revisited Intelligence Services in the
A documentary investigation Information Age
John P. Campbell Michael Herman
More Instructions from the Espionage and the Roots of the
Centre Cold War
Christopher and Oleg Gordievsky The conspiratorial heritage
David McKnight
Controlling Intelligence
Edited by Glenn P. Hastedt Swedish Signal Intelligence
1900–1945
Spy Fiction, Spy Films, and Real C.G. McKay and Bengt Beckman
Intelligence
The Norwegian Intelligence Service
Edited by Wesley K. Wark
1945–1970
Olav Riste
Security and Intelligence in a
Changing World
Secret Intelligence in the Twentieth
New perspectives for the 1990s
Century
Edited by A. Stuart Farson,
Edited by Heike Bungert,
David Stafford and Wesley K. Wark
Jan G. Heitmann and Michael Wala
A Don at War
The CIA, the British Left and the
Sir David Hunt K.C.M.G., O.B.E.
Cold War
(reprint)
Calling the tune?
Hugh Wilford
Intelligence and Military
Operations
Our Man in Yugoslavia
Edited by Michael I. Handel
The story of a Secret Service
operative
Leaders and Intelligence
Sebastian Ritchie
Edited by Michael I. Handel
Understanding Intelligence in the
War, Strategy and Intelligence
Twenty- First Century
Michael I. Handel
Journeys in shadows
Len Scott and Peter Jackson
Strategic and Operational
Deception in the Second World MI6 and the Machinery of Spying
War Philip H. J. Davies
Edited by Michael I. Handel
Twenty- First Century Intelligence
Codebreaker in the Far East Edited by Wesley K. Wark
Alan Stripp
Intelligence and Strategy
Intelligence for Peace Selected essays
Edited by Hesi Carmel John Robert Ferris
The US Government, Citizen Exploring Intelligence Archives
Groups and the Cold War Enquiries into the secret state
The state–private network Edited by R. Gerald Hughes,
Edited by Helen Laville and Peter Jackson and Len Scott
Hugh Wilford
US National Security, Intelligence
Peacekeeping Intelligence and Democracy
New players, extended The Church Committee and the
boundaries War on Terror
Edited by David Carment and Edited by Russell A. Miller
Martin Rudner
Intelligence Theory
Special Operations Executive Key questions and debates
A new instrument of war Edited by Peter Gill, Stephen Marrin
Edited by Mark Seaman and Mark Phythian
Mussolini’s Propaganda Abroad East German Foreign
Subversion in the Mediterranean Intelligence
and the Middle East, 1935–1940 Myth, reality and controversy
Manuela A. Williams Edited by Thomas Wegener Friis,
Kristie Macrakis and
The Politics and Strategy of Helmut Müller-Enbergs
Clandestine War
Special Operations Executive, Intelligence Cooperation and the
1940–1946 War on Terror
Edited by Neville Wylie Anglo- American security relations
after 9/11
Britain’s Secret War against Japan, Adam D.M. Svendsen
1937–1945
Douglas Ford A History of the Egyptian
Intelligence Service
US Covert Operations and Cold A history of the mukhabarat,
War Strategy 1910–2009
Truman, secret warfare and the Owen L. Sirrs
CIA, 1945–53
Sarah- Jane Corke The South African Intelligence
Services
Stasi From apartheid to democracy,
Shield and sword of the party 1948–2005
John C. Schmeidel Kevin A. O’Brien
Military Intelligence and the Arab International Intelligence
Revolt Cooperation and Accountability
The first modern intelligence war Edited by Hans Born, Ian Leigh and
Polly A. Mohs Aidan Wills
Improving Intelligence Analysis The Future of Intelligence
Bridging the gap between Challenges in the 21st century
scholarship and practice Isabelle Duyvesteyn, Ben de Jong and
Stephen Marrin Joop van Reijn
Russia and the Cult of State The Ethics of Intelligence
Security A new framework
The Chekist tradition, from Lenin Ross W. Bellaby
to Putin
Julie Fedor An International History of the
Cuban Missile Crisis
Understanding the Intelligence A 50-year retrospective
Cycle Edited by David Gioe, Len Scott and
Edited by Mark Phythian Christopher Andrew
Propaganda and Intelligence in the Interrogation in War and Conflict
Cold War A comparative and interdisciplinary
The NATO information service analysis
Linda Risso Edited by Christopher Andrew and
Simona Tobia
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Interrogation in War and
Conflict
A comparative and interdisciplinary
analysis
Edited by Christopher Andrew and
Simona Tobia
First published 2014
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2014 selection and editorial material, Christopher Andrew and
Simona Tobia; individual chapters, the contributors
The right of the editors to be identified as the authors of the
editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters,
has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,
or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Interrogation in war and conflict : a comparative and
interdisciplinary analysis / edited by Christopher Andrew and
Simona Tobia.
pages cm. – (Studies in intelligence)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Military interrogation–Case studies. 2. Police questioning–Case
studies. 3. Intelligence service–Case studies. 4. Torture. 5. War
(International law) I. Andrew, Christopher M., editor of
compilation. II. Tobia, Simona, 1972– editor of compilation.
UB265.I58 2014
355.3'432–dc23 2013042653
ISBN: 978-0-415-82803-1 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-88215-4 (ebk)
Typeset in Baskerville
by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear
Contents
Notes on contributors xi
Preface xvi
List of acronyms and abbreviations xviii
Introduction: the modern history of interrogation 1
CHRISTOPHER ANDREW
1 A process of modernization? Prisoner of war interrogation
and human intelligence gathering in the First World War 18
HEATHER JONES
2 Stalin, the NKVD and the investigation of the Kremlin
Case: prelude to the Great Terror 36
SVETLANA LOKHOVA
3 Second World War interrogations and British foreign
intelligence: the case of ELGAR 59
CHRISTIAN BJOERN BAK
4 Gestapo interrogations: myths and realities 75
J. RYAN STACKHOUSE
5 ‘Instructive for the future’: the interrogation of the major
war criminals in Germany, 1945 93
RICHARD OVERY
6 Crushing Czechoslovak identity: Stalinist violence and the
resistance of Czechoslovak ex- political prisoners from the
Communist era 110
KRISTÝNA BUŠKOVÁ AND NIGEL HUNT
