Table Of ContentJános Tapolcai · Pin-Han Ho
Péter Babarczi · Lajos Rónyai
Internet
Optical
Infrastructure
Issues on Monitoring and Failure
Restoration
Internet Optical Infrastructure
János Tapolcai (cid:129) Pin-Han Ho (cid:129) Péter Babarczi
Lajos Rónyai
Internet Optical
Infrastructure
Issues on Monitoring and Failure Restoration
123
JánosTapolcai Pin-HanHo
BudapestUniversityofTechnology UniversityofWaterloo
andEconomics Waterloo,Canada
Budapest,Hungary
LajosRónyai
PéterBabarczi InstituteforComputerScienceandControl
BudapestUniversityofTechnology BudapestUniversityofTechnology
andEconomics andEconomics
Budapest,Hungary Budapest,Hungary
ISBN978-1-4614-7737-2 ISBN978-1-4614-7738-9(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-1-4614-7738-9
SpringerNewYorkHeidelbergDordrechtLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014945205
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Foreword
Withtheirseeminglyinfinitecapacitytosupporttherapidtransportofdigitaldata
to all corners of the globe, optical networks have without doubt been one of the
mainstays of the modern Internet and the huge global economy that has grown
up aroundit. As the line speed and capacity of optical transmission systems have
grown to the levels of 10s of Terabits per second, then so too has the importance
of being able to make networks of such high capacity line systems reliable and
resilient.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatan outageonsuchhightransmissioncapacity
trunkswillaffectverymanyendusersofthenetwork.Likewise,end-to-endnetwork
performance for the more specialist big data users, who will often call upon
the network to support sustained high volume data transfers, using higher layer
protocols, perhaps over long distances, can experience hugely impaired network
performancewheretheunderlyingtransmissionisexhibitinghighbiterrorratesor
frequentprotection/restorationevents.
This means it is now of increasing importance that these high capacity optical
networksexhibitasmuchsurvivabilityastheycan,whichisusuallyrealisedthrough
thevehiclesofserviceprotectionandrestorationschemesinvariouscombinations.
Inordertodothis,suchnetworksneedrobustcontrolplanecapabilitiesandthese,
inturn,relyonrapidandreliabledetectionofopticalchannelfailurethroughrobust
monitoringtechniques.
Subsequent to such failures, although the services should have survived with
as minimal an outage as possible, it is essential that repairs are effected in an
appropriately timely and cost-effective manner, otherwise multiple failures can
rapidly diminish the survivability of the network. Especially where networks are
spreadoverlargegeographicalareasorarehighlymeshed(topologicallycomplex)
or the result of a federationof multiple autonomousoperationaldomainsthen the
abilitytoperformspeedyandaccuratefaultlocalisationcomestothefore.
Containedinthesepagesthereaderwillfindanengaginganddetailedtreatment
of the topics of novel monitoring and failure localisation in all-optical networks,
basedonacanonofresearchworkperformedbytheauthorsovera10-yearperiod.
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vi Foreword
The book starts with some conceptual introductions followed by an analytical
approach in which the key problems are defined using formal methods, moving
ontothedescriptionofnewresultsaddressingthese problemsandfinallyshowing
theverificationoftheseresultsthroughsimulation.
ChiefTechnologyOfficer MichaelEnrico
DANTEandTechnicalCoordinatorofGÉANT
OpenCallprogram
Cambridge,UK
2April2014
Preface
Thebookwasoriginatedfromtheauthors’publicationsanddoctoraldissertationsin
theareaofopticalnetworksurvivabilityandfailurelocalizationinthepastdecade,
after going through extensive reorganization and editorial efforts. The intended
readers of the book are those who are interested in gaining advanced knowledge
and state-of-the-art research results in the topics. It serves as a good reference
forgraduate/trainingcoursesonnetworkoperationsand carrierdesign.Therefore,
we believe the book benefits students who are taking related graduate courses as
wellasnetworkengineersforresearchofnext-generationbackbonenetworks.The
interested reader can find demos of most of the methods discussed in the book at
http://lendulet.tmit.bme.hu/demo/mtrail/.
The book is organized into three parts, each with specific objectives toward
comprehension of the book scope. Part I is on fault management defined under
Generalized Multi-ProtocolLabelSwitching (GMPLS). Part II talks aboutthe use
of monitoring trails (m-trails) for failure localization with a central controller for
collecting the alarms. It defines the m-trail allocation problem by minimizing the
numberofm-trails,whichrelatestothecomplexityofthealarmcollectionandthe
sizeofthealarmcodetable(ACT).
Part III studies the case where a node can perform failure localization based
on the on–off status of the traversing m-trails. Such a node is called Local
UnambiguousFailureLocalization(L-UFL)capablenode;andifallthenodesare
L-UFL capable, the scenario is defined as Network-wide L-UFL (NL-UFL). The
scenario of L-UFL is further extended to an electronic signaling-free restoration
framework where each node can automatically respond to the identified network
failures and complete the required failure restoration task without waiting for
any notification by another remote network entity. Such a framework is believed
to achieve the ultimate goal of survivable optical network design: an ultra-fast
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viii Preface
restorationspeedlikeinaringnetworkwhileenjoyingoptimalcapacityefficiency
asinameshtopology.
Budapest,Hungary JánosTapolcai
Waterloo,ON,Canada Pin-HanHo
Budapest,Hungary PéterBabarczi
Budapest,Hungary LajosRónyai
Acknowledgments
Wewouldliketothankfirstourfamiliesfortheirhelpandunderstandingthroughout
the book project. We would also thank our workplaces for giving us the time
and support to conduct this project. János Tapolcai and Péter Babarczi are with
the Department of Telecommunications and Media Informatics at the Budapest
University of Technology and Economics, Hungary. Pin-Han Ho is working at
the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo,
Canada. Lajos Rónyai is with the Computer and Automation Research Institute,
HungarianAcademyof Sciences and with the MathematicalInstitute of Budapest
UniversityofTechnologyandEconomics.
TheworkofJánosTapolcaiandPéterBabarcziwaspartiallysupportedbyMTA-
BME Lendület Future Internet Research Group and the High Speed Networks
Laboratory(HSNLab)attheBudapestUniversityofTechnologyandEconomicsand
by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA grant K108947).Pin-Han Ho
was supported by National Science and EngineeringResearch Council (NSERC),
Canada. Péter Babarczi was supported by the János Bolyai Research Scholarship
of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA). Lajos Rónyai was supported by
the Hungarian Research Fund (OTKA grants NK105645, K77476) and TÁMOP-
4.2.2/b-10/1-2010-0009. The work of the authors has been conducted with the
financial assistance of the European Union under the FP7 GÉANT project grant
agreementnumber605243aspartoftheMINERVAOpenCallproject.
Many thanks also to Bin Wu for introducing us to this field, and to our co-
authors, in particular to Wei He, as well as to our colleagues Tibor Gyimóthy,
Cecília Dudás, and Alija Pašic´ for their helpful comments during the preparation
ofthemanuscript.SpecialthankstothestaffatSpringer,especiallyBrettKurzman
andRebeccaHytowitz,whowerereallyhelpfulduringthepreparationofthebook.
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