Table Of ContentINTERNATIONAL ORDER AND ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
WILHELM ROPKE
INTERNATIONAL ORDER AND
ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY / DORDRECHT-HOLLAND
INTERNATIONALE ORDNUNG - HEUTE
First published by Eugen Rentsch Verlag AG
Erlenbach - Zurich, Switzerland
Translated by Gwen E. Trinks, Joyce Taylor and Cicely Kaufer
Copyright 1959 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint,
microfilm, or any other means without permission from the publisher
Printed in the Netherlands by D. Reidel, Dordrecht
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface to the English Language Edition vn
PART ONE - A SURVEY OF THE PROBLEM
I The International Crisis 3
Nature of the international crisis / False and true internationalism
/ The lesson of the atom bomb / The sociology of war / Notes
II The Nation and the Community of Nations 33
Machiavellism and realism / Nation, sovereignty and a community
of nations / Europe as a community / International order as the
self-assertion of the free world against communist imperialism
/ Notes
PART TWO - THE ECONOMIC ELEMENTS OF INTERNATIONAL
ORDER
I The Economic System and International Order 69
The theory of international order and the solution of the
problem in a liberal age / Imperialism / Notes
II Caesar o-Economy 94
Pre-collectivistic interference with international interrelations /
Explosive effect of collectivism / International planned econ-
omy / The paradox of socialism / Notes
III The International Problem of Raw Materials and Colonies 115
International 'social justice' / The real problem / The liberal
solution / The raw materials problem as a result of the decay of
the liberal world economy / An impossible solution / The return
to the liberal solution and its consequences / Notes
TABLE OF CONTENTS
IV The International Population Problem 130
The development / The present situation / The problem of
international migration / Conclusions / Notes
PART THREE - THE FEAR OF WORLD ECONOMY
I The Decay of the World Economy 155
The old world economy / The work of destruction / The conse-
quences / Forces of aggravation and self-healing / Notes
II The Fear of Competition 111
The general fear of competition / Fear of foreign agrarian
competition / Fear of industrial competition from the agrarian
states / Notes
III The Fear of an Adverse Balance of Payments 194
The nature of the problem / The solution of the problem / The
will-o'-the-wisp of 'full employment' / Exchange control /
Notes
PART FOUR-TOWARDS A NEW WORLD ECONOMY
I Attempts, Tendencies and Problems 223
European economic integration / The foreign body of collec-
tivism in the world economy / Underdeveloped countries /
International capital movements / Notes
II International Monetary Order 244
Ways to convertibility / A new international monetary order /
Notes
EPILOGUE - EUROPEAN FREE TRADE, THE GREAT DIVIDE 259
Register of Persons 271
Subject Index 274
VI
PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDITION
The present book which has now the honour of being published in an
English translation has been written almost six years ago. It would be
futile to hope that, in a time of rapid change like ours, it would still
correspond to actual conditions in every detail. Since, however, it is
meant to be a book whose principal aim it is to draw attention to the
essential problems of international order and the fundamentals involved
and since those can hardly be said to have seriously changed within the
last years, I venture to submit that it may still be useful as a guide through
the maze of questions in the field of international economic relations.
This, I hope, will prove particularly true with regard to the special
problems which have been raised by the recent important events in
Europe, i.e. by the organization of the European Economic Community
and the European Free Trade Association and by the new system of
convertible currencies which has taken the place of the European Pay-
ments Union since the beginning of 1959. The reader will have little
difficulty to understand the critical attitude which I have taken vis-a-vis
the European Economic Community and which I have explained at
greater length in some recent publications (a.o. Gemeinsamer Markt und
Freihandelszone, Ordo Jahrbuch fur die Ordnung von Wirtschaft und
Gesellschaft vol. X, 1958, pp. 31-62; Zwischenbilanz der europdischen
Wirtschaftsintegration, ibidem, vol. XI, 1959, pp. 69-94). One of these
articles, entitled ''European Free Trade - the Great Divide and published
in the September 1958 issue of 'The Banker' has been inserted in this
book as an epilogue.
There is another event which has occurred since the German publication of
this book and which also is of primary importance on the international
scene. I refer to the dramatic change of the USA balance of payments
from a surplus to a deficit which is tantamount to a change from a
'dollar shortage' to a 'dollar abundance'. But here again the reader will
understand why the author has not precisely taken by surprise, and he
will find, after having read this book, no difficulty to understand what has
VII
INTERNATIONAL ORDER AND ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
happened and why it has happened. Since the author has never believed
in the 'dollar scarcity' as an Act of God he has nothing to retract from
what he has said six years ago on this subject - as on many others.
WILHELM ROPKE
Graduate Institute of International Studies
Geneva
February 1960
VIII
PART ONE
A SURVEY OF THE PROBLEM
