Table Of ContentINTERNATIONAL MINING FORUM 2006
Copyright © 2006 Taylor & Francis Group plc, London, UK
BALKEMA – Proceedings and Monographs
in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences
Copyright © 2006 Taylor & Francis Group plc, London, UK
New Technological Solutions
in Underground Mining
International Mining Forum 2006
Eugeniusz J. Sobczyk
Polish Academy of Sciences, Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Cracow, Poland
Jerzy Kicki
AGH(cid:16) University of Science and Technology, Department of Underground Mining,
Cracow, Poland
Polish Academy of Sciences, Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Cracow, Poland
LONDON / LEIDEN / NEW YORK / PHILADELPHIA / SINGAPORE
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Table of Contents
Preface VII
Organization IX
Lectures
Coal Mine of 21st Century: In-Situ Producer of Energy, Fuels and Chemicals 1
Józef Dubi(cid:276)ski, Jan Rogut, Krystyna Czaplicka, Aleksandra Tokarz
Underground Coal Mining in Russia at the Beginning of the 21st Century and its Prospects 15
V.G. Gridin, V.I. Efimov, V.A. Kharchenko, I.A. Stoyaniva
Methods of Extraction of Thin and Rather Thin Coal Seams in the Works of the Scientists 21
of the Underground Mining Faculty (National Mining University)
Volodymyr Bondarenko, Roman Dychkovskiy
Minimizing(cid:587)oal Losses When Extracting Thin Coal Seams 27
with the Use of Auger Mining Technologies
Iryna Kovalevska
Geomechanics: History, Modern State and Prospects of Development 35
Olexandr Shashenko, Tadeusz Majcherczyk
Speed of Roof Rock Separation and a Type of Working’s Support 39
Tadeusz Majcherczyk, Piotr Ma(cid:225)kowski, Zbigniew Niedbalski
The Use of Pre-stressed Tendons in the Polish Coal Mining Industry 49
Zbigniew Rak, Jerzy Stasica, Micha(cid:225) Stopyra
Contribution to the Prediction of Ground Surface Movements 63
Caused by a Rising Water Level in a Flooded Mine
Anton Sroka
A Geophysical Model for the Analysis of Seismic Emissions 73
in the Area of Rock Beam Splitting Caused by Mining Operations
Henryk Marcak
Monitoring of Natural Hazards in the Underground Hard Coal Mines 87
W(cid:225)adys(cid:225)aw Mironowicz, Stanis(cid:225)aw Wasilewski
Multiple Data Collection System in CO Injection Investigation in Upper Silesian Deep Coal Seams 95
2
Pawe(cid:225) Krzystolik, Jacek Skiba, Bart(cid:225)omiej Jura
Fly Ash Suspension with CO as a New Method of Gob Fire Prevention in Coalmines 107
2
Wac(cid:225)aw Dziurzy(cid:276)ski, Rados(cid:225)aw Pomyka(cid:225)a
A New Method for Assessing the Status of Sealed-off Coal Mine Fires 115
Yuan Shujie, Nikodem Szl(cid:261)zak, Dariusz Obracaj, Si Chunfeng
Development of Strategy for Revival of Regional Coal-Mining Companies 123
A.A. Malysheva
V
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Mining of Adjacent Coal Seams in the Mines of Western Donbass 127
Volodymyr Buzylo, Tatiana Morozova, Vitaliy Vasilev, Olexandr Koshka
Areas of Sustainable Development in of Mine Closure Process 131
Jan Palarski
Potential for Improvement of Reliability and Maintenance in Mining Operations 143
Based on Nuclear Industry Know-How and Experience
D. Komljenovic, J. Paraszczak, V. Kecojevic
Problems of Underground Ore Mining at Great Depths in Kryvyi Rih Basin 153
Yuriy Vilkul, Yuriy Kaplenko, Mykola Stupnik, Victor Sydorenko
Satellite Remote Sensing as Means to Assess Primary Impact 161
of Open-Pit Mining Development
R. Latifovic, K. Fytas & J. Paraszczak
VI
Copyright © 2006 Taylor & Francis Group plc, London, UK
Preface
Professor Boleslaw Krupinski, an enlightened miner, the organizer and first Chairman of the Inter-
national Organizing Committee of the World Mining Congress so spoke about the mining pro-
fession: “A miner always was, is and will be a man of technical and social progress. Only through
the perfecting of social and technical work conditions, can a miner discover the secrets and trea-
sures of the Earth, conquer and exploit them for the benefit of all, reverse dangers caused by nature
and provide the country with forces of nature”.
These beautiful words are the motto of the School of Underground Mining, which is the or-
ganizer of the International Mining Forum – a meeting of practitioners and scientists from many
countries. Following these words we try to include in the Forums’ proceedings papers addressing
a broad range of subjects, many a time problems extending beyond underground mining.
So it is this time.
Along with topics strictly connected with underground mining, e.g.:
– techniques and technologies in underground mines,
– rock engineering problems,
– monitoring of natural hazards in underground coal mines,
we present papers important to the development of the mining industry, related to:
– bringing into being the idea of sustainable development,
– limiting the greenhouse effect.
The International Mining Forum was held thanks to the support of the Chair of Underground
Mining, the Faculty of Mining and Rock Engineering of the University of Science and Technology
(AGH), the Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Science in
Cracow, KGHM Polska Miedz S.A., FTT Stomil Wolbrom, Katowice Coal Holding S.A., LW Bo-
gdanka S.A., Elgór+Hansen S.A., MIDO Ltd., ZOK Ltd.
The organizers would also like to express their gratitude to all other persons, companies and
institutions, who helped in bringing the Forum into being.
We hope that the Forum will contribute to the exchange of interesting experiences and esta-
blishing new acquaintances and friendships.
Jerzy Kicki
Chairman of the Organizing Committee 2006
VII
Copyright © 2006 Taylor & Francis Group plc, London, UK
Organization
Organizing Committee:
Jerzy Kicki (Chairman)
Eugeniusz J. Sobczyk (Secretary General)
Artur Dyczko
Jacek Jarosz
Piotr Sa(cid:225)uga
Krzysztof Stachurski
Advisory Group:
Prof. Volodymyr I. Bondarenko (National Mining University, Ukraine)
Mr. Wojciech Bradecki (State Mining Authority, Poland) – Chairman of IMF 2005
Prof. Jan Butra (CUPRUM Ltd., Poland)
Dr. Alfonso R. Carvajal (Universidad de La Serena, Chile)
Prof. Piotr Czaja (AGH (cid:16) University of Science and Technology, Poland)
Prof. Bernard Drz(cid:266)(cid:296)la (Silesian University of Technology, Poland)
Prof. Józef Dubi(cid:276)ski (Central Mining Institute, Poland)
Prof. Jaroslav Dvo(cid:284)á(cid:254)ek (Technical University VSB, Czech Republic)
Prof. Pawe(cid:225) Krzystolik (Experimental Mine Barbara, Poland)
Prof. Garry G. Litvinsky (Donbass State Technical University, Ukraine)
Prof. Eugeniusz Mokrzycki (Polish Academy of Sciences, MEERI, Poland)
Prof. Roman Ney (Polish Academy of Sciences, MEERI, Poland)
Prof. Jacek Paraszczak (University of Laval, Canada)
Prof. Janusz Roszkowski (AGH (cid:16) University of Science and Technology, Poland)
Prof. Stanis(cid:225)aw Speczik, (Polish Geological Institute, Poland)
Prof. Anton Sroka (Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany)
Prof. Mladen Stjepanovic (University of Belgrade, Yugoslavia)
Prof. Antoni Tajdu(cid:286) (AGH (cid:16) University of Science and Technology, Poland)
Prof. Kot F. v. Unrug (University of Kentucky, USA)
Dr. Leszek Wojno (Australia)
Dr Yuan Shujie (Anhui University of Science and Technology. Huainan, Anhui, Republic of China)
IX
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Coal Mine of 21st Century:
In-Situ Producer of Energy, Fuels and Chemicals
Józef Dubi(cid:276)ski, Jan Rogut, Krystyna Czaplicka, Aleksandra Tokarz
G(cid:225)ówny Instytut Gornictwa. Katowice, Poland
ABSTRACT: This discussion paper presents some innovative, balanced visions and scenarios of
new types of a coal mine development. Such a novel coal mine as an in-situ producer of energy,
liquid fuels and chemicals could satisfy the increasing needs of European and Polish economy at
the time of expensive energy. The vision outlines a response of coal mining research community to
the requirements of energy and chemical industries in order to continue a secure supply of energy
carriers, fuels and chemicals at the post “peak oil” era. The paper puts under discussion the simila-
rities and differences in thermal and chemical coal conversion processes carried out in-situ (under-
ground conversion of coal) and out of the coal bed (Energyplex). The paper discusses selected nee-
ds for R&D activities aimed at achieving some critical, scientific and technical mass and know-
how necessary for the on time delivery of innovative technology solutions for sustainable coal mi-
ning industries. The paper also accentuates the need for elaborating extended LCA techniques for
the economic and environmental evaluation of different options of the future coal mine structure
and functions. The text draws out several recommendations for the long-term coal conversion tech-
nology strategies in line with Strategic Research and Strategic Deployment Agendas (SRA, SDA)
of Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plant, Hydrogen & Fuel Cell, Green Chemistry and similar
European Technology Platforms as well as the European Sustainable Mining and Mineral Extrac-
tion Technology Platform.
1. THE IDEA
The backbone of this paper consists in “a return to the future” approach, due to the fact, that the
ideas presented here as prospective for the period of 2010–2030, are based substantially on updated
experiences and expertise from in-situ coal processing that is underground coal gasification tests
taking place in several locations in the middle of 20th Century combined with the results of Fisher-
Tropsch liquid fuel synthesis developed in the II World War in Germany.
The most recent renaissance of interest in Clean Coal Conversion Technologies in Europe is
based on the growing demand of energy and fuels per capita in the situation when the access to the
low cost energy resources continuously decreases. This generates the necessity of return in the me-
dium or long term scale to exploitation of the deposits of fossils treated previously as non econo-
mic or exhausted (secondary mining). Therefore, some radical but rational rethinking of the targets
and directions of R&D programs of mining sciences. The time has come to realize that easily avail-
able and economic coal deposits have been exhausted and efforts are necessary to remedy such a si-
tuation. A sound example would be here the technology development of a highly productive coal
extraction method using long walls. Those mature systems of high efficiency have been developed
for the extraction of large and thick regular deposits of coals, on surface or underground.
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The situation is rapidly changing, as (excluding some locations in US) the availability of rich
deposits of coal with favourable geometry of seams decreases fast, which means that the long term
R&D preferences for coal extraction industry need to be re-targeted based on a possibly precise
foresight (TOR – terms of reference) of the future development of global energy technology.
In this paper, the following statements have been chosen as the background of analysis:
1. Solid fossil fuels will be available for the production of energy, fuels and chemicals all through
the 21st century; however, coal exploitation will be continuously transferred from the extrac-
tion of large and rich deposits (thick, regular surface or moderately deep) to the thin and irregu-
lar ones requiring sophisticated intelligent technologies.
2. The portfolio of acceptable coal extraction technologies will be continuously reduced due to the
growing concerns of environmental regulations and risk assessment of natural and human rela-
ted hazards.
3. The preferences will be growing for integral resource utilization, recycling of products and pro-
cessing fluids, the extension of the service life of tools for preparatory and extraction works, sa-
ving the energy and intelligent recognition and use of the deposits.
4. The decision makers will be pressed to utilize the life cycle techniques in the evaluation of the
optimal technology choice.
2. IN-SITU COAL CONVERSION – ISCC PROCESS
The basic concepts of the innovative in-situ coal conversion will be illustrated here by several case
studies recalled from the most recent patents, PhD and MSc theses and review papers aimed at
different issues related to in-situ coal mining and processing. The examples do not exhaust the
existing opportunities and were chosen for illustrative purposes of the main line of this paper.
2.1. In-situ thermal processing of coal
In-situ thermal processing of coal as an innovative idea is protected by numerous most recent US
and global patents issued to Royal Dutch Shell (Houston, TX). Figure 1a (adopted from the US Pa-
tent 6866097 – March 15, 2005) illustrates the yields of different products which could be genera-
ted from coal deposits in-situ at several stages of coal formation heating (pyrolysis). Y axis descry-
bes yield as barrels of oil equivalent per ton versus temperature on x axis. The drawing is the mi-
rror picture to the one known from thermal conversion of biomasses (Fig. 1b).
Figure 1a (left).Several stages of heating a coal formation
Figure 1b (right). Biomass thermal conversion
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