International Handbook of Workplace Trauma Support

535 Pages·2012·2.949 MB·English

International Handbook of Workplace
Trauma Support

International Handbook
of Workplace Trauma Support
Edited by Rick Hughes, Andrew Kinder,
and Cary L. Cooper
Thiseditionfirstpublished2012
(cid:2)2012JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd.
Wiley-BlackwellisanimprintofJohnWiley&Sons,formedbythemergerofWiley’sglobal
Scientific,TechnicalandMedicalbusinesswithBlackwellPublishing.
RegisteredOffice
JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO19
8SQ,UK
EditorialOffices
350MainStreet,Malden,MA02148-5020,USA
9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UK
TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK
Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservices,andforinformationabouthow
toapplyforpermissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeourwebsiteat
www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell.
TherightofRickHughes,AndrewKinderandCaryL.Coopertobeidentifiedastheauthors
oftheeditorialmaterialinthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordancewiththeUKCopyright,
DesignsandPatentsAct1988.
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,
ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording
orotherwise,exceptaspermittedbytheUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,
withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher.
Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarks.
Allbrandnamesandproductnamesusedinthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,
trademarksorregisteredtrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.Thepublisherisnotassociated
withanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook.Thispublicationisdesignedtoprovide
accurateandauthoritativeinformationinregardtothesubjectmattercovered.Itissoldonthe
understandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.
Ifprofessionaladviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetent
professionalshouldbesought.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataappliedfor
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsin
printmaynotbeavailableinelectronicbooks.
Setin10/12.5ptGalliardbyThomsonDigital,Noida,India
1 2012
Contents
About the Editors ix
List ofContributors xi
A The Evolution and Development of Workplace
Trauma Support 1
1 TheEvolution ofModels of Early Intervention for Adults:
From Inspired Help Giving towardEvidence-based Pragmatism 3
Roderick J.Ørner
2 Evidence-basedTrauma Management for Organizations:
Developments andProspects 17
Jo Rick and Rob Briner
3 Large-scale Trauma: Institutionalizing Pre- and Post-trauma
Prevention, Intervention, and Treatment 30
Joyce A.Adkins and BryanM. Davidson
4 Commonalities and NewDirections in Post-trauma Support
Interventions: From Pathology to the Promotion
ofPost-traumaticGrowth 48
StephenRegel and Atle Dyregrov
B The Legal and Business Imperatives to Manage
Trauma Effectively 69
5 TheTrauma Impact on Organizations: Causes, Consequences,
andRemedies 71
Ronald J.Burke
vi Contents
6 ASSIST: A Model for Supporting Staff inSecureHealthcare
Settings afterTraumatic Events That IsExpanding into
OtherEuropean Territories 87
AnnetteGreenwood, CarolRooney, and Vittoria Ardino
7 SAV-T First:Managing Workplace Violence 105
Kate Calnan, E.K. Kelloway,and KathryneE. Dupre(cid:2)
8 TheOccupationalImplication of the ProlongedEffects
of Repeated Exposureto Traumatic Stress 121
Alexander C. McFarlane
9 TheChallenge for EffectiveInterventions ina Violent Society:
Boundaries and Crossovers betweenWorkplace and Community 139
MerleFriedman and Gerrit van Wyk
10 Adversity:Reconceptualizing the Post-trauma Response 154
Kevin Friery
C New Understandings on Models of Trauma Support 165
11 TheRole and Natureof Early Intervention: TheEdinburgh
Psychological First Aid andEarly InterventionPrograms 167
Chris Freemanand Patricia Graham
12 AnOrganizational Approach to the Management of Potential
Traumatic Events: Trauma Risk Management (TRiM) – the
Development of a Peer Support Process from the Royal Navy
to the Police and Emergency Services 181
Neil Greenbergand Marilyn Wignall
13 Evidence-Based Support for Work-related Trauma:
TheRoyalMail Group Experience 199
Jo Rick, Andrew Kinder,and StevenBoorman
14 TheDevelopmentof a Practice Research Network and Its Use
in the Evaluationof the “Rewind” Treatment of Psychological
Trauma in Different Settings 213
William Andrews and Scott Miller
15 TheEmergency Behaviour Officer (EBO):The Use of Accurate
BehavioralInformation in Emergency Preparedness andResponse
in Publicand Private Sector Settings 227
Mooli Lahad, Ruvie Rogel, and StevenCrimando
16 Trauma-related Dissociation inthe Workplace 240
Onno van der Hart,Xiao LuWang,and Roger M. Solomon
Contents vii
D The Theory and Practice of Post-trauma Support 257
17 Utilization of EMDR in the Treatment of Workplace Trauma 259
Roger Solomon and Isabel Fernandez
18 Trauma Inoculation: MindfulPreparation for the Unexpected 274
GordonTurnbull, Rebekah Lwin,and Stuart McNab
19 How Employee Assistance Programs(EAPs) Respond to Trauma
Support andCritical Incident Management: An International Focus 295
Mandy Rutter
20 Training ResilienceforHigh-risk Environments: Towards a
Strength-based Approach within the Military 313
Sylvie Boermans, Roos Delahaij, Hans Korteling,
and MartinEuwema
E The Organizational Response to Trauma Support 331
21 Preparing forandManaging Trauma within Organizations:
How to Rehabilitate Employees Back to Work 333
Andrew Kinder and Jo Rick
22 Healing the TraumatizedOrganization: AnExploration of
Post-trauma Recovery andGrowth in the Workplace Setting
Using the Metaphor of the Nervous System as a Templateto
Highlight Collective Learning 350
Tony Buckley and Alison Dunn
23 TheManagement of EmotionallyDisturbing Interventions in
Fire and Rescue Services:PsychologicalTriageas a Framework
for Acute Support 368
Erik L. J.L. De Soir
24 Working with TsunamiSurvivors in South India:The Problem
Lies ina Four-letter Word 384
Sue Santi Iresonand Hash Patel
25 Turning Training into Reality: Considerations When Training
Teams for Deployment to Disasters 401
Gail Rowntree and MarkAkerlund
26 Combating the Effectsof Post-traumatic Stress and Other
Trauma Associated with theTheatre of War 416
Walter Busuttil
viii Contents
27 Trauma Counseling and PsychologicalSupport in the People’s Republic
of China (PRC) 436
XiaopingZhu,Zhen Wang, and Tony Buon
28 How Professionals can Help the Traumatized Organization 447
Pauline Rennie Peyton
29 Military Veterans’ Mental Health: Long-term Post-trauma
Support Needs 458
Walter Busuttil
30 Post-trauma Support:Learning from the Past to Help
Shapea Better Future 474
Rick Hughes, Andrew Kinder,and Cary Cooper
Index 487
About the Editors
RickHughesisLeadAdvisor,WorkplacefortheBritishAssociationforCounselling
and Psychotherapy, the lead body for the therapeutic community in the United
Kingdom with over 35000 members. Rick campaigns for, supports, and champions
bestpracticeandeffectiveemployeesupportprovisionincludingtraumasupport.He
hasworkedwithmostofthemajorUKemployeeassistanceprogram(EAP)providers.
RickmanagedthetraumasupportforagroupofUKtrainoperatorswhilstemployedas
a specialist at a major EAP provider. He has supported individuals, teams, and
organizationsinarangeofcircumstancesincludingafter9/11,theLondonbombings,
andtheAsiantsunami.RickisaformerDeputyChairoftheAssociationforCounselling
atWork(ACW),nowBACPWorkplace,andhasbeentheirjournaleditorsince2003.
His MPhil looked at the impact of emotions in the workplace and this led to his
receiving an Honorary Research Fellowship from the University of Strathclyde,
Glasgow.
AndrewKinderisaCharteredCounsellingandCharteredOccupationalPsychologist,
thePastChairoftheWorkplaceDivisionoftheBritishAssociationforCounsellingand
Psychotherapy(BACP),andanAssociateFellowoftheBritishPsychologicalSociety
andwasrecentlymadeFellowoftheBACPforhiscontributionstocounselinginthe
workplace.Hehaspublishedwidelyandisparticularlyinterestedinthemanagementof
stress and trauma within an occupational health context. Andrew is currently Chief
Psychologistforalargeemployeeassistanceandoccupationalhealthorganization(Atos
Healthcare, http://www.atoshealthcare.com) and specializes in delivering training,
counseling, and coaching services to increase the psychological health of individuals
andorganizations.Hehasbeeninstrumentalintheintroductionofearlyintervention
programs in a number of large organizations relating to employee engagement and
employeewellbeing.Hehasbeenactiveasaresearcherandhascollaboratedwithother
leading organizations, including the British Occupational Health Research Founda-
tion,whichwasgatheringevidencefororganizationalinterventionsusedfollowinga
work-relatedtrauma.Heco-editedEmployeeWellbeingSupport:AWorkplaceResource,
whichwaspublishedinMarch2008,withCaryCooperandRickHughes.Hehasalso
co-writtenwithRickHughesGuidelinesforCounsellingintheWorkplace,whichwas
x Aboutthe Editors
publishedbytheBACP.HehasalsocarriedoutnumerousassessmentsforrealityTV
andprovidedadviceonmanyhigh-profileshows.Moreinformationonhimisavailable
at http://www.andrewkinder.co.uk.
CaryL.Cooper,CBE,istheauthorofmorethan100booksandisoneofBritain’s
most quoted business gurus. He is Distinguished Professor of Organizational Psy-
chology and Health at Lancaster University Management School. He is a founding
President of the British Academy of Management, a Companion of the Chartered
ManagementInstitute,andoneofonlyfiveUKFellowsofthe(American)Academyof
Management.HewastheFoundingEditoroftheJournalofOrganizationalBehavior,
and is the Editor (with Professor Chris Argyris of Harvard Business School and
ProfessorBillStarbuckofNewYorkUniversityasAssociateEditors)oftheBlackwell
Encyclopedia of Management. He has been an advisor to the World Health Organi-
zation, International Labour Organization, and European Union in the field of
occupationalhealthresearchandwellbeing,wasChairoftheGlobalAgendaCouncil
on Chronic Diseaseofthe WorldEconomic Forum,and isChair ofthe Academy of
SocialSciences(comprising43learnedsocietiesinthesocialsciencesandover87000
members). Hewas awardedtheCBE bytheQueen in2001 forhiscontributionsto
organizational health and safety.